Electrodeposited iridium oxide for neural stimulation and recording electrodes
Abstract
Iridium oxide films formed by electrodeposition onto noniridium metal substrates are compared with activated iridium oxide films (AIROFs) as a low impedance, high charge capacity coating for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. The electrodeposited iridium oxide films (EIROFs) were deposited on Au, Pt, PtIr, and 316 LVM stainless steel substrates from a solution of IrCl4, oxalic acid, and K2CO3. A deposition protocol involving 50 potential sweeps at 50 mV/s between limits of 0.0 V and 0.55 V (versus Ag AgCl) followed by potential pulsing between the same limits produced adherent films with a charge storage capacity of >25 mC/cm2. Characterization by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy revealed no differences in the electrochemical behavior of EIROF on non-Ir substrates and AIROF. The mechanical stability of the oxides was evaluated by ultrasonication in distilled water followed by dehydration and rehydration. Stability under charge injection was evaluated using 200 micros, 5.9 A/cm2 (1.2 mC/cm2) cathodal pulses. Loss of iridium oxide charge capacity was comparable for AIROFs and the EIROFs, ranging from 1% to 8% of the capacity immediately after activation or deposition. The EIROFs were deposited and evaluated on silicon microprobe electrodes and on metallized polyimide electrodes being developed for neural recording and stimulation applications.
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Electrodeposited iridium oxide adheres poorly with its underlying substrate, resulting in a tendency to delaminate while under operation, which shortens the electrode lifespan.
“Electrodeposited iridium oxide has been reported to adhere poorly with its underlying substrate, resulting in a tendency, to delaminate while under operation, which shortens the electrode lifespan [14] [15].”
From Flexible Nerve Stimulation Electrode With Iridium Oxide Sputtered on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
Polyimide has been a substrate of choice for many electrodes with electro-deposited iridium metal layers and iridium films.
“Polyimide, a biocompatible polymer [17] [18], has been a substrate of choice for many electrodes with electro-deposited iridium metal layers and iridium films [19] [20].”
From Flexible Nerve Stimulation Electrode With Iridium Oxide Sputtered on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Meyer, R. D., Cogan, S. F., Nguyen, T. H., & Rauh, R. D.
- Affiliations
- EIC Laboratories (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-11
- ISSN
- 1534-4320 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0210
- OpenAlex
- W2150566195
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Keywords
- iridium oxide films, electrodeposition, neural stimulation electrodes, neural recording electrodes, charge storage capacity, substrate materials, mechanical stability, charge injection
- MeSH terms
- Electric Stimulation, Electrochemistry, Electroplating, Iridium, Microelectrodes, Models, Neurological, Neural Conduction, Signal Transduction, Electric Impedance, Electric Capacitance
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