Wireless Implantable Microsystems: High-Density Electronic Interfaces to the Nervous System
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a high-density electronic interface to the central nervous system. Silicon micromachined electrode arrays now permit the long-term monitoring of neural activity in vivo as well as the insertion of electronic signals into neural networks at the cellular level. Efforts to understand and engineer the biology of the implant/tissue interface are also underway. These electrode arrays are facilitating significant advances in our understanding of the nervous system, and merged with on-chip circuitry, signal processing, microfluidics, and wireless interfaces, they are forming the basis for a family of neural prostheses for the possible treatment of disorders such as blindness, deafness, paralysis, severe epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease.
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Multiplexing a high-density electrode array to a smaller amplifier array is a widely used resource-sharing technique that relies on not all electrode sites providing useful information after implantation or on necessary information being obtainable from a small subset, although the useful subset is not known in advance.
“The first widely used technique consists of multiplexing a high-density electrode array to a much smaller amplifier array. This strategy leverages the fact that not all electrode sites may provide useful information after implantation [97, 101, 145] or that the necessary information can be obtained from a small subset of electrodes, although the useful electrode subset is not known a priori [118].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [145]
The traditional wireless power supply design introduces an inductive RF telemetry link.
“The traditional wireless power supply design is shown in Figure 6A, which introduces an inductive RF telemetry link (Wise et al., 2004).”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 2004
The power supply of the implantable chip is provided by inductors.
“The power supply of the implantable chip is provided by the inductors.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 2004
The demodulator is used to decode the received data.
“The demodulator is used to decode the received data.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 2004
The clock needed for the implantable chip is generated from the RF carrier.
“The clock needed for the implantable chip is generated from the RF carrier.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 2004
The recorded neural signal is converted into a digital signal by the ADC and transmitted to the outside receiver unit through an RF link.
“The recorded neural signal is converted into a digital signal by the ADC, and transmitted to the outside receiver unit through an RF link.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 2004
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A shuttered probe with in-line flowmeters for chronic in-vivo drug delivery
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Self-citationAuditory Cortical Images of Tones and Noise Bands
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Flexible printed-circuit probe for electrophysiology
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Toward a Button‐Sized 1024‐Site Wireless Cortical Microstimulating Array
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A self-testing multiplexed CMOS stimulating probe for a 1024-site neural prosthesis
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Self-citationA custom-designed receiver-stimulator chip for an advanced multiple-channel hearing prosthesis
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Self-citationThe Class-E Concept For Efficient Wide-Band Coupling-Insensitive Transdermal Power And Data Transfer
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CNS RECORDING ELECTRODES AND TECHNIQUES
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A process-compatible passive shutter for buried-channel chemical delivery probes
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Self-citation
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Revealing neuronal function through microelectrode array recordings
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Syringe-injectable electronics
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A Review of Organic and Inorganic Biomaterials for Neural Interfaces
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The Design of Integrated Circuits to Observe Brain Activity
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An Implantable 64-Channel Wireless Microsystem for Single-Unit Neural Recording
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Self-citationImplantable microscale neural interfaces
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Silicon microsystems for neuroscience and neural prostheses
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Self-citationIntegrated wireless neural interface based on the Utah electrode array
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Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers
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Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits
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Implantable Device Fabrication and Packaging
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- Authors
- Wise, K. D., Anderson, D. J., Hetke, J. F., Kipke, D. R., & Najafi, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the IEEE
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-97
- ISSN
- 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2126462474
- Cited by
- 656
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 15.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the IEEE (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Keywords
- neural interfaces, neural recording, neurostimulation, implant-tissue interface, neural prostheses, microfluidics, on-chip signal processing, blindness, deafness, paralysis, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease
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