A 100-Channel 1-mW Implantable Neural Recording IC
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents a fully implantable 100-channel neural interface IC for neural activity monitoring. It contains 100-channel analog recording front-ends, 10 multiplexing successive approximation register ADCs, digital control modules and power management circuits. A dual sample-and-hold architecture is proposed, which extends the sampling time of the ADC and reduces the average power per channel by more than 50% compared to the conventional multiplexing neural recording system. A neural amplifier (NA) with current-reuse technique and weak inversion operation is demonstrated, consuming 800 nA under 1-V supply while achieving an input-referred noise of 4.0 μVrmsin a 8-kHz bandwidth and a NEF of 1.9 for the whole analog recording chain. The measured frequency response of the analog front-end has a high-pass cutoff frequency from sub-1 Hz to 248 Hz and a low-pass cutoff frequency from 432 Hz to 5.1 kHz, which can be configured to record neural spikes and local field potentials simultaneously or separately. The whole system was fabricated in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process and operates under 1 V for analog blocks and ADC, and 1.8 V for digital modules. The number of active recording channels is programmable and the digital output data rate changes accordingly, leading to high system power efficiency. The overall 100-channel interface IC consumes 1.16-mW total power, making it the optimum solution for multi-channel neural recording systems.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In some designs, when channels were not sampled by the ADC, they were put into a sleep mode in which power consumption was maintained at a level that minimized wake-up time.
“For example, in [67, 156], when channels were not sampled by the ADC, they were put into a sleep mode where the channel’s power consumption was maintained at a level to minimize the wake-up time.”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
Amplifiers using the current-reuse topology achieve state-of-the-art noise performance.
“Amplifiers using this topology achieve state-of-the-art noise performance [49, 129, 156].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
Continued shrinking of fine-line CMOS processes has helped increase channel counts and add capabilities such as on-chip analog-to-digital conversion and digital radio transmission.
“The steady reduction in fine-line CMOS technologies has contributed to increased channel counts [6, 77] and expanded capabilities, such as on-chip analog-to-digital conversion [49, 156] and digital radio transmission [16, 67].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
The inadequacy of NEF alone becomes more pronounced because recent works have reported operating supply voltages below 1 V.
“This inadequacy becomes more pronounced, as recent works have reported operating supply voltages below 1 V [49, 129, 156].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
Recent works reported that careful design of the OTA A1 makes low current consumption and low input-referred noise easily achievable.
“Recent works have also reported that by carefully designing the OTA A1, low current consumption and low input-referred noise are easily achievable [63, 141, 142, 156].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R. D., & Donoghue, J. P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04970 · Cited by 3,295 · see citing works
A low-power low-noise cmos for amplifier neural recording applications
Harrison, R. R., & Charles, C. (2003) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2003.811979 · Cited by 1,695 · see citing works
Enz, C., Krummenacher, F., & Vittoz, E. A. (1995) · Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing · doi:10.1007/bf01239381 · Cited by 1,234 · see citing works
Brain-Controlled Interfaces: Movement Restoration with Neural Prosthetics
Schwartz, A. B., Cui, X. T., Weber, D. J., & Moran, D. W. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.019 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
A low-power integrated circuit for a wireless 100-electrode neural recording system.
Harrison, R. R., Watkins, P. T., Kier, R. J., Lovejoy, R. O., Black, D. J., Greger, B., & Solzbacher, F. (2007) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2006.886567 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
A Low-Power Integrated Circuit for a Wireless 100-Electrode Neural Recording System
Harrison, R. R., Watkins, P., Kier, R. J., Lovejoy, R. O., Black, D., Normann, R. A., & Solzbacher, F. (2006) · Digest of technical papers/Digest of technical papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference · doi:10.1109/isscc.2006.1696288 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Area-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulation
Hazucha, P., Karnik, T., Bloechel, B. A., et al. (2005) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2004.842831 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Schwartz, A. B. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144233 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
A 6-bit 600-MS/s 5.3-mW Asynchronous ADC in 0.13-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$ CMOS
Chen, S.-W. M., & Brodersen, R. W. (2006) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2006.884231 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
A 1-V 450-nW fully integrated programmable biomedical sensor interface chip.
Zou, X., Xu, X., Yao, L., & Lian, Y. (2009) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2014707 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Self-citationMuller, R., Gambini, S., & Rabaey, J. M. (2012) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2163552 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Novel approach to high speed CMOS current comparators
Träff, H. (1992) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/el:19920192 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A three-dimensional neural recording microsystem with implantable data compression circuitry
Olsson, R. H., & Wise, K. D. (2005) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2005.858479 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Lee, S. B., Lee, H.-M., Kiani, M., Jow, U.-M., & Ghovanloo, M. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2078814 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
OlssonIII, R. H., Buhl, D. L., Sirota, A. M., Buzsaki, G., & Wise, K. D. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.847540 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
A Low-Power Integrated Bioamplifier With Active Low-Frequency Suppression
Gosselin, B. J., Sawan, M., & Chapman, C. A. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2007.914490 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
A 32 mW 1.25 GS/s 6b 2b/Step SAR ADC in 0.13$\ \mu$m CMOS
Cao, Z., Yan, S., & Li, Y. (2009) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.2012329 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Lee, S. B., Lee, H., Kiani, M., Jow, U.-M., & Ghovanloo, M. (2010) · Digest of technical papers/Digest of technical papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference · doi:10.1109/isscc.2010.5434028 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Design Optimization for Integrated Neural Recording Systems
Chae, M. S., Liu, W., & Sivaprakasam, M. (2008) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.2001877 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Nanowatt, Sub-nS OTAs, With Sub-10-mV Input Offset, Using Series-Parallel Current Mirrors
Arnaud, A., Fiorelli, R., & Galup‐Montoro, C. (2006) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2006.880606 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Hajós, M., Allers, K. A., Jennings, K. A., Sharp, T., Charette, G., Attila Gabor, S. I. K., & Kocsis, B. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05276.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Nucleus incertus contribution to hippocampal theta rhythm generation
Núñez, Á., Cervera‐Ferri, A., Olucha-Bordonau, F. E., Ruiz‐Torner, A., & Teruel‐Martí, V. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04797.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
High performance CMOS current comparator
Tang, A., & Toumazou, C. (1994) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/el:19940003 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
800 nW 43 nV/√Hz neural recording amplifier with enhanced noise efficiency factor
Liu, L., Zou, X., Goh, W. L., Ramamoorthy, R., Dawe, G. S., & Je, M. (2012) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/el.2012.0685 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationA 400-nW 19.5-fJ/Conversion-Step 8-ENOB 80-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.18- $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS
Cheong, J. H., Chan, K. L., Khannur, P. B., et al. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158255 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationBonfanti, A. G., Ceravolo, M., Zambra, G., Gusmeroli, R., Borghi, T., Spinelli, A. S., & Lacaita, A. L. (2010) · European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC) · doi:10.1109/esscirc.2010.5619710 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Local field potential measurement with low-power analog integrated circuit
Harrison, R. R., Santhanam, G., & Shenoy, K. V. (2005) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2004.1404135 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
100-Channel wireless neural recording system with 54-Mb/s data link and 40%-efficiency power link
Cheng, K., Zou, X., Cheong, J. H., et al. (2012) · IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC) · doi:10.1109/ipec.2012.6522656 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationChang, S.-I., Al-Ashmouny, K. M., McCormick, M., Chen, Y., & Yoon, E. (2011) · Symposium on VLSI Circuits · Cited by 26 · see citing works
256-site active neural probe and 64-channel responsive cortical stimulator
Shulyzki, R., Abdelhalim, K., Bagheri, A., et al. (2011) · IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) · doi:10.1109/cicc.2011.6055371 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A low-voltage low-power QFG-based Sigma-Delta modulator for electroencephalogram applications
López-Morillo, E., Carvajal, R. G., Galán, J., et al. (2006) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2006.4600322 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Theta driving both inhibits and potentiates the effects of nicotine on dentate gyrus responses
Markevich, V. A., Grigoryan, G. A., Dawe, G. S., & Stephenson, J. D. (2007) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-007-0027-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- M. Chae, W. Liu, Z. Yang, T. Chen, J. Kim, M. Sivaprakasam, and M. Yuce, "A 128-Channel 6 mW Wireless Neural Recording IC with on- the-Fly Spike Sorting and UWB Transmitter", in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2008, pp. 146-147.
- H. Wu and Y. P. Xu, "A 1V 2.3µW Biomedical Signal Acquisition IC", in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2006, pp. 58-59.
- R. M. Walker, H. Gao, P. Nuyujukian, K. Makinwa, K. V. Shenoy, T. meng, and B. Murmann, "A 96-Channel Full Data Rate Direct Neural Interface in 0.13µm CMOS," in Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Papers, Jun. 2011, pp. 144-145.
- X. Zou, W.-S. Liew, L. Yao, and Y. Lian, "A 1V 22µW 32-Channel Implantable EEG Recording IC," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2010. pp. 126-127.
- M. Hesener, T. Eichler, A. Hanneberg, D. Herbison, F. Kuttner, and H. Wenske, "A 14 b 40 MS/s redundant SAR ADC with 480 MHz clock in 0.13 μm CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2007, pp. 248-600.
- S.-K. Lee, S.-J. Park, Y. Suh, H. J. Park, and J. Y. Sim, "A 1.3µW 0.6V 8.7-ENOB Successive Approximation ADC in a 0.18µm CMOS," in Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Papers, Jun. 2009, pp. 242-243.
- R. Muller, S. Gambini, and J. M. Rabaey, "A 0.013mm 2 5µW DC- Coupled Neural Signal Acquistion IC with 0.5V supply," in IEEE Int.
- Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2011, pp. 302-303.
- R. Muller, S. Gambini, and J. M. Rabaey, "A 0.013mm 2 , 5 μW, DC- Coupled Neural Signal Acquisition IC With 0.5 V Supply," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no.1, pp. 232-243, Jan. 2012.
- R. M. Walker, H. Gao, P. Nuyujukian, K. Makinwa, K. V. Shenoy, T. Meng, and B. Murmann, "A 96-Channel Full Data Rate Direct Neural Interface in 0.13µm CMOS," in Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Papers, Jun. 2011, pp. 144-145.
- Jia Hao Cheong (M'12) received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, in 2005 and 2009 respectively. Since 2009 he has been with Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore as a Scientist in the Biomedical IC group. Since he joined IME, he has worked on the development of wireless implantable sensor ASIC for blood flow measurement and for neural signal recording, as well as ultrasound imaging front-end ASIC. His research interests include biomedical circuit and system, low-power analog & mixed-signal circuit and system and oversampled ultrasound beamforming. He was awarded the Best Student Paper Award in IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-state Circuits (EDSSC) 2008.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers
Ng, K. A., Greenwald, E., Xu, Y. P., & Thakor, N. V. (2016) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-015-1431-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
A Digitally Assisted, Signal Folding Neural Recording Amplifier
Chen, Y., Basu, A., Liu, L., Zou, X., Rajkumar, R., Dawe, G. S., & Je, M. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2013.2288680 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationAn ultra-low-power neural signal acquisition analog front-end IC
Tran, L., & Cha, H.-K. (2021) · Microelectronics Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2020.104950 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Low Noise Amplifier for Neural Spike Recording Interfaces
Ruiz-Amaya, J., Rodriguez-Perez, A., & Delgado-Restituto, M. (2015) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s151025313 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A low-profile three-dimensional neural probe array using a silicon lead transfer structure
Cheng, M.-Y., Je, M., Tan, K. L., Tan, E. L., Lim, R., Yao, L., Li, P., Park, W.-T., Phua, E. J. R., Gan, C. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/23/9/095013 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-density neural recording system design
Lee, H.-S., Eom, K., Park, M., Ku, S.-B., Lee, K., & Lee, H.-M. (2022) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-022-00233-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lee, T., & Je, M. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.2980009 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zou, X., Liu, L., Cheong, J. H., Yao, L., Li, P., Cheng, M.-Y., Goh, W. L., Rajkumar, R., Dawe, G. S., Cheng, K.-W., & Je, M.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- National University Health System (SG)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2584-2596
- ISSN
- 1549-8328 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0806
- OpenAlex
- W2095273620
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers (publishedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Keywords
- implantable neural recording, neural interfaces, neural amplifier, weak inversion, successive approximation register ADC, low-power analog front-end, neural spikes, local field potentials, power management, CMOS integrated circuit
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
