An Inductively Powered Scalable 32-Channel Wireless Neural Recording System-on-a-Chip for Neuroscience Applications
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We present an inductively powered 32-channel wireless integrated neural recording (WINeR) system-on-a-chip (SoC) to be ultimately used for one or more small freely behaving animals. The inductive powering is intended to relieve the animals from carrying bulky batteries used in other wireless systems, and enables long recording sessions. The WINeR system uses time-division multiplexing along with a novel power scheduling method that reduces the current in unused low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) to cut the total SoC power consumption. In addition, an on-chip high-efficiency active rectifier with optimized coils help improve the overall system power efficiency, which is controlled in a closed loop to supply stable power to the WINeR regardless of the coil displacements. The WINeR SoC has been implemented in a 0.5-μ m standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process, measuring 4.9×3.3 mm(2) and consuming 5.85 mW at ±1.5 V when 12 out of 32 LNAs are active at any time by power scheduling. Measured input-referred noise for the entire system, including the receiver located at 1.2 m, is 4.95 μVrms in the 1 Hz~10 kHz range when the system is inductively powered with 7-cm separation between aligned coils.
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In some designs, when channels were not sampled by the ADC, they were put into a sleep mode in which power consumption was maintained at a level that minimized wake-up time.
“For example, in [67, 156], when channels were not sampled by the ADC, they were put into a sleep mode where the channel’s power consumption was maintained at a level to minimize the wake-up time.”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
Continued shrinking of fine-line CMOS processes has helped increase channel counts and add capabilities such as on-chip analog-to-digital conversion and digital radio transmission.
“The steady reduction in fine-line CMOS technologies has contributed to increased channel counts [6, 77] and expanded capabilities, such as on-chip analog-to-digital conversion [49, 156] and digital radio transmission [16, 67].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
Advances in IC design and fabrication now allow neural recording systems to include wireless telemetry for data and sometimes wireless power transfer.
“With continuous improvements in IC design and fabrication technology, IC neural recording systems can be now integrated with wireless telemetry for data and, in some cases, wireless power transfer [67, 94].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
Because non-human primates need large roaming areas, the short-range wireless power methods used for rodents are inadequate for powering their neural recording systems.
“Due to the large roaming space required by NHPs, the short-range wireless power harvesting methods described for rodents, such as in [67] and [64], are not sufficient to wirelessly power neural recording systems for NHP studies.”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Lee, S. B., Lee, H.-M., Kiani, M., Jow, U.-M., & Ghovanloo, M.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 360-371
- ISSN
- 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-9990
- PMC
- PMC4104168
- OpenAlex
- W2170307675
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 15.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Hanyang University
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB009437)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Keywords
- wireless neural recording, system-on-chip, inductive power transfer, time-division multiplexing, power scheduling, low noise amplifier, active rectifier, coil displacement, input-referred noise, battery-free implants, freely moving animals
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