Resilience as a multimodal dynamic process
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Aim: Resilience is rapidly gaining momentum in mental health literature. It provides a new understanding of the highly variable trajectories of mental illness, and has consistently been linked with improved mental health outcomes. The present review aims to clarify the definition of resilience and to discuss new directions for the field. Methods: After discussing the definition of resilience, this narrative review synthesizes evidence that identifies the specific protective factors involved in this process. This review also addresses the mechanisms that underlie resilience. Results: Recent literature has clarified the three core components of resilience, which are the presence of an adversity or specific risk for mental illness; the influence of protective factors that supersede this risk; and finally, a subsequently more positive outcome than expected. Now that these are largely agreed upon, the field should move on to addressing other topics. Resilience is a dynamic process by which individuals utilize protective factors and resources to their benefit. It can vary within one individual across time and circumstance. It can also refer to good functional outcomes in the context of diagnosable illness. While previous research has focused on psychological resilience, it is essential that resilience is conceptualized across modalities. Conclusions: The field should move towards the development of a multimodal model of resilience. Researchers should now focus on producing empirical research which clarifies the specific protective factors and mechanisms of the process, aligning with the core concepts of resilience. This growing, more homogeneous evidence base, can then inform new intervention strategies.
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Resilience is a protective factor making people less vulnerable to future adverse life events and is linked with improved mental health outcomes.
“Resilience is defined as a protective factor making people less vulnerable to future adverse life events,148 and it has consistently been linked with improved mental health outcomes.149”
From <p>Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm</p> (2020) · cites this paper as [149]
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- Stainton, A., Chisholm, K., Kaiser, N., Rosen, M., Upthegrove, R., Ruhrmann, S. & Wood, S. J. (2019). Resilience as a multimodal dynamic process. EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY, 13 (4), pp.725-732. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12726. Persistent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/284389
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- Authors
- Stainton, A., Chisholm, K., Kaiser, N., Rosen, M., Upthegrove, R., Ruhrmann, S., & Wood, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Stainton, Alexandra
- ORCID
- Venue
- Early Intervention in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08-20
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 725-732
- ISSN
- 1751-7885 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-7893
- OpenAlex
- W2888019877
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Early Intervention in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme (602152)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- resilience, protective factors, adversity, risk factors, functional outcome, early intervention, intervention strategies
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Resilience, Psychological, Protective Factors
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