Economic and ecological views on climate change mitigation with bioenergy and negative emissions
Open accessAbstract
Climate stabilization scenarios emphasize the importance of land‐based mitigation to achieve ambitious mitigation goals. The stabilization scenarios informing the recent IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report suggest that bioenergy could contribute anywhere between 10 and 245 EJ to climate change mitigation in 2100. High deployment of bioenergy with low life cycle GHG emissions would enable ambitious climate stabilization futures and reduce demands on other sectors and options. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) would even enable so‐called negative emissions, possibly in the order of magnitude of 50% of today's annual gross emissions. Here, I discuss key assumptions that differ between economic and ecological perspectives. I find that high future yield assumptions, plausible in stabilization scenarios, look less realistic when evaluated in biophysical metrics. Yield assumptions also determine the magnitude of counterfactual land carbon stock development and partially determine the potential of BECCS. High fertilizer input required for high yields would likely hasten ecosystem degradation. I conclude that land‐based mitigation strategies remain highly speculative; a constant iteration between synoptic integrated assessment models and more particularistic and fine‐grained approaches is a crucial precondition for capturing complex dynamics and biophysical constraints that are essential for comprehensive assessments.
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Ecological costs, if properly priced in, could prohibit large-scale reliance on BECCS.
“Especially the ecological costs, if properly priced in, could prohibit large-scale reliance on BECCS.23,24”
From The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
BECCS requires 400-2400 Mha land.
“By contrast, BECCS requires 400-2400 Mha land.22,24,35,36”
From The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
Yields in test settings in highly favorable conditions have few implications for average yields achievable for large amount of biomass production.
“ecological studies suggest that yields in test settings in highly favorable conditions have few implications for average yields achievable for large amount of biomass production.24”
From The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
Yield improvements of bioenergy plants may be difficult to scale as land, climate and water constrain average potential.
“Yield improvements of bioenergy plants may offer a way out, but those improvements may be difficult to scale as land, climate and water constrain average potential, and ecological studies suggest that yields in test settings in highly favorable conditions have few implications for average yields achievable for large amount of biomass production.24”
From The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
BECCS is highly land intensive.
“BECCS is highly land intensive.”
From The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Creutzig, F.
- Affiliations
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Creutzig, Felix
- ORCID
- Creutzig, Felix
- Venue
- GCB Bioenergy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-12-22
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-10
- ISSN
- 1757-1693 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-1707
- OpenAlex
- W2104701974
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 7.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- GCB Bioenergy (publishedVersion)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Keywords
- climate change mitigation, bioenergy, carbon dioxide removal, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, fertilizer inputs, ecosystem degradation, biophysical constraints, integrated assessment models
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