Oxidative stress in the skin: Impact and related protection
Open accessAbstract
Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental pollution, including ozone and particulate matters, and psychological stress. Excessive reactive species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, exacerbate skin pigmentation and aging, which further lead to skin tone unevenness, pigmentary disorder, skin roughness and wrinkles. Besides these, skin microbiota are also a very important factor ensuring the proper functions of skin. While environmental factors such as UV and pollutants impact skin microbiota compositions, skin dysbiosis results in various skin conditions. In this review, we summarize the generation of oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. We further introduce current knowledge on the possible roles of oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and aging, specifically with emphasis on oxidative stress and skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, we summarize the science and rationale of using three well-known antioxidants, namely vitamin C, resveratrol and ferulic acid, in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Finally, we discuss the strategy for preventing oxidative stress-induced skin pigmentation and aging.
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Skin aging changes are driven by intrinsic aging and extrinsic factors, particularly ultraviolet exposure, which promotes oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and degradation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin.
“These changes are driven by intrinsic aging as well as extrinsic factors, particularly ultraviolet (UV) exposure, which promotes oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and degradation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin [3,4,5].”
From A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Effects of Oral Centella asiatica Extract on Skin Aging-Related Parameters in Middle-Aged Korean Women. (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPostoperative complications may develop as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress induced by thermal damage from laser treatment.
“These postoperative complications may develop as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress induced by thermal damage from the laser treatment [9, 10].”
From A Randomized, Investigator‐Blinded, Split‐Face, Controlled Trial Assessing Efficacy and Satisfaction of <scp>CE</scp> Ferulic Serum Following Nonablative Fractional Fraxel Laser Treatment for Photoaging Skin in Chinese Population (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
The UV/visible light/infrared radiation section (page unavailable) says infrared radiation from therapeutic and cosmetic devices can induce reactive oxygen species in skin, supporting the oxidative-stress component. It does not link laser-induced thermal damage to inflammation or postoperative complications. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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“In light of all the promising results, grape seed residues might be used as functional ingredients in cosmetic and cosmeceutical products, as they ensure the homeostasis of the skin and the prevention of skin diseases, especially those induced by external factors such as sun exposure, chill, and dust [23] that might i…”
BackgroundQin, X., Zhai, J., Zhou, C., Wang, Y., Chen, M., Zhu, L., Shi, Q., Chen, W., Zhang, L., Luo, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.70251 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hur, N., Seo, Y., Bae, J., Kim, Y. J., Kim, E. J., & Choi, Y. J. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18101505
- Authors
- Chen, J., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., & Qiu, J.
- Affiliations
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation Shanghai China
- Corresponding author
- Qiu, Jie
- Venue
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-08-28
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 495-509
- ISSN
- 0142-5463 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2494
- OpenAlex
- W3187046799
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, skin, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, skin pigmentation, skin aging, hyperpigmentation, skin microbiome, skin dysbiosis, ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, psychological stress, antioxidants, vitamin C, resveratrol, ferulic acid, skin protection
- MeSH terms
- Resveratrol, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Coumaric Acids, Humans, Skin, Skin Pigmentation, Skin Aging, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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