The role of iron and reactive oxygen species in cell death
Abstract
The transition metal iron is essential for life, yet potentially toxic iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable in an oxygen-rich environment. Iron and ROS are increasingly recognized as important initiators and mediators of cell death in a variety of organisms and pathological situations. Here, we review recent discoveries regarding the mechanism by which iron and ROS participate in cell death. We describe the different roles of iron in triggering cell death, targets of iron-dependent ROS that mediate cell death and a new form of iron-dependent cell death termed ferroptosis. Recent advances in understanding the role of iron and ROS in cell death offer unexpected surprises and suggest new therapeutic avenues to treat cancer, organ damage and degenerative disease.
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Ferroptotic RCD has been linked to toxic lipid peroxide accrual.
“ferroptotic RCD has been linked to toxic lipid peroxide accrual [537, 538]”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [538]
The toxicity of high extracellular glutamate may depend at least in part on activation of ferroptosis through cysteine imbalance.
“the toxicity of high extracellular glutamate may depend (at least in part) on the activation of ferroptosis through cysteine imbalance [534, 538, 552].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [538]
The critical dependency of ferroptosis on iron can be ascribed to the ability of iron to promote non-enzymatic lipid oxidation via lysosomal Fenton reactions.
“Alternatively, the critical dependency of ferroptosis on iron can also be ascribed to the ability of this heavy metal to promote non-enzymatic lipid oxidation via lysosomal Fenton reactions [538, 572, 576, 577].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [538]
Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is oxidative and iron-dependent, suggesting ferroptosis is involved.
“Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is an oxidative, iron-dependent process, suggesting that ferroptosis is involved [22, 23].”
From Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
Iron is a major source of ROS production and is an important initiator and mediator of cell death through the regulation of ROS.
“As mentioned earlier in Section 1, 2, iron is one of the major sources of ROS production, and is increasingly recognized as an important initiator and mediator of cell death in a variety of organisms and pathological situations through the regulation of ROS.36”
From Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer: Current Findings and Future Directions (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Dixon, S. J., & Stockwell, B. R.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dixon, Scott J
- Stockwell, Brent R
- Venue
- Nature Chemical Biology
- Published
- 2013-12-17
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-17
- ISSN
- 1552-4450 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4469
- OpenAlex
- W2011538447
- Cited by
- 2,381
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 162 · 2025: 264 · 2024: 293 · 2023: 292 · 2022: 305 · 2021: 246 · 2020: 198 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 119 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 42
- FWCI
- 10.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Chemical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (1k99ca166517-01)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA097061, R01CA161061, 1K99CA166517-01, R00CA166517)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM085081)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- iron, reactive oxygen species, cell death, ferroptosis, iron-dependent cell death, iron toxicity, cancer therapy, degenerative diseases, organ damage
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Iron, Signal Transduction, Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species
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