Cited by 294Sleep and related disordersSleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatonin

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Children's Sleep and Cognitive Functioning: Race and Socioeconomic Status as Moderators of Effects

Buckhalt, Joseph A, El-Sheikh, Mona, Keller, Peggy·2007·Child Development

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00993.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Race and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the link between children's sleep and cognitive functioning. One hundred and sixty-six 8- to 9-year-old African and European American children varying in SES participated. Sleep measures were actigraphy, sleep diaries, and self-report; cognitive measures were from the Woodcock–Johnson III and reaction time tasks. Children had similar performance when sleep was more optimal, but after controlling for SES, African American children had lower performance with sleep disruptions. Children from lower and higher SES had similar performance with better sleep quality and less variability in sleep schedules, but when sleep was more disrupted, higher SES children had better performance. Examination of environmental variables associated with race and SES that may underlie these effects may lead to directions for interventions to improve cognitive performance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00993.x

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
Statistical Methods
Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G., & STOUT, B. B. (1939) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-193902000-00006 · Cited by 19,423
Four Factor Index of Social Status
Paschou, R. (1975) · Cited by 6,989
Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socio-economic Status, Stress and Discrimination
Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910539700200305 · Cited by 4,786
Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies
Carroll, J. B. (1993) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571312 · Cited by 4,121
Growth at Adolescence
Tanner, J. M. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,742
Human cognitive abilities a survey of factor-analytic studies
Carroll, J. B. (2004) · Cited by 3,395
A self‐report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity and initial norms
Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537962 · Cited by 3,129
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Stickgold, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04286 · Cited by 1,857
The environment
Park, C. (1997) · Cited by 1,829
Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents
Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06149.x · Cited by 1,676
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Pilcher, J. J., & Huffcutt, A. I. (1996) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.4.318 · Cited by 1,549
Race, socioeconomic status, and health. The added effects of racism and discrimination
WILLIAMS, D. R. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x · Cited by 1,522
Activity-Based Sleep-Wake Identification: An Empirical Test of Methodological Issues
Sadeh, A., Sharkey, M., & Carskadon, M. A. (1994) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/17.3.201 · Cited by 1,487
The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment
Evans, G. W., & English, K. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00469 · Cited by 1,232
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and School Performance in Children
Gozal, D. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.102.3.616 · Cited by 1,178
Risk Factors for Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children: Associations with Obesity, Race, and Respiratory Problems
Redline, S. S., Tishler, P. V., SCHLUCHTER, M. D., Aylor, J. E., Clark, K., & Graham, G. C. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.5.9809079 · Cited by 1,167
Association between Puberty and Delayed Phase Preference
Carskadon, M. A., Vieira, C., & Acebo, C. (1993) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/16.3.258 · Cited by 1,167
The Neurobiology of Sleep: Genetics, cellular physiology and subcortical networks
Pace-Schott, E. F., & Hobson, J. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn895 · Cited by 937
Toward a comprehensive model of antisocial development: A dynamic systems approach.
Granic, I., & Patterson, G. R. (2006) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.1.101 · Cited by 865
The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: neuronal systems, consciousness and learning
Hobson, J. A., & Pace-Schott, E. F. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn915 · Cited by 835
Regulation of adolescent sleep: Implications for behavior
CARSKADON, M. A., ACEBO, C., & JENNI, O. G. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.032 · Cited by 792
Sleep Habits and Sleep Disturbance in Elementary School‐Aged Children
Owens, J., Spirito, A., McGuinn, M., & Nobile, C. (2000) · Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200002000-00005 · Cited by 789
Earlier Onset of Puberty in Girls: Relation to Increased Body Mass Index and Race
Kaplowitz, P. B., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Pedlow, S. E., & Herman‐Giddens, M. E. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.108.2.347 · Cited by 745
Prevalence and risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in 8- to 11-year-old children: association with race and prematurity
ROSEN, C. L., Larkin, E. K., Kirchner, H. L., Emancipator, J. L., Bivins, S. F., Surovec, S. A., Martin, R. J., & Redline, S. S. (2003) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2003.28 · Cited by 742
The effects of sleep restriction and extension on school-age children: what a difference an hour makes
Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., & Raviv, A. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.7402008 · Cited by 742
Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-age children
Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., & Raviv, A. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00414 · Cited by 740
Estimating Sleep Patterns with Activity Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: How Many Nights Are Necessary for Reliable Measures?
Acebo, C., Sadeh, A., Seifer, R., Tzischinsky, O., Wolfson, A. R., Hafer, A., & Carskadon, M. A. (1999) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/22.1.95 · Cited by 721
The regulation of sleep and arousal: development and psychopathology
Dahl, R. E. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006945 · Cited by 707
Evidence for the validity of a sleep habits survey for adolescents
Wolfson, A. R., Carskadon, M. A., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., Fallone, G., Labyak, S. E., & Martin, J. L. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.2.213 · Cited by 682
The g factor
Jensen, A. R. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381729b0 · Cited by 674
Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
Entwislea, D. R., & Astone, N. M. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00833.x · Cited by 615
Racial Differences in Sleep-Disordered Breathing in African-Americans and Caucasians
Redline, S., Tishler, P. V., Hans, M. G., Tosteson, T. D., Strohl, K. P., & Spry, K. (1997) · American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001310 · Cited by 605
Sleep patterns and sleep disruptions in school-age children.
Sadeh, A., Raviv, A., & Gruber, R. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.36.3.291 · Cited by 597
Symptoms of Sleep Disorders, Inattention, and Hyperactivity in Children
Chervin, R. D., Dillon, J. E., Bassetti, C. L., Ganoczy, D. A., & Pituch, K. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.12.1185 · Cited by 577
The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis
Siegel, J. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063049 · Cited by 568
Modeling Longitudinal and Multilevel Data
(2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410601940 · Cited by 490
Defining the boundaries of early adolescence: a user's guide to assessing pubertal status and pubertal timing in research with adolescents
Dorn, L. D., Dahl, R. E., Woodward, H. R., & Biro, F. (2006) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads1001_3 · Cited by 477
Cognitive Function Following Acute Sleep Restriction in Children Ages 10–14
(1998) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.8.861 · Cited by 430
Human Sleep, Sleep Loss and Behaviour
Horne, J. (1993) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.162.3.413 · Cited by 415
What is a “Health Disparity”?
Carter‐Pokras, O., & Baquet, C. R. (2002) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1093/phr/117.5.426 · Cited by 391
Instability of Sleep Patterns in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
GRUBER, R., SADEH, A., & RAVIV, A. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200004000-00019 · Cited by 381
Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
Entwisle, D. R., & Astone, N. M. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131278 · Cited by 344
Neurobehavioral correlates of sleep‐disordered breathing in children
O'Brien, L. M., Mervis, C. Β., Holbrook, C. R., Bruner, J. L., Smith, N. H., McNally, N., McClimment, M. C., & Gozal, D. (2004) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2004.00395.x · Cited by 328
Experimental Restriction of Sleep Opportunity in Children: Effects on Teacher Ratings
Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.12.1561 · Cited by 325
Temporal Placement of a Nap for Alertness: Contributions of Circadian Phase and Prior Wakefulness
Dinges, D. F., Orne, M. T., Whitehouse, W. G., & Orne, E. C. (1987) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/10.4.313 · Cited by 311
Sleep Loss and “Divergent” Thinking Ability
Horne, J. A. (1988) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.6.528 · Cited by 311
Effects of acute sleep restriction on behavior, sustained attention, and response inhibition in children
Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Arnedt, J. T., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2001.93.1.213 · Cited by 305
Symptoms of sleep disturbances among children at two general pediatric clinics
Archbold, K. H., Pituch, K., Panahi, P., & Chervin, R. D. (2002) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.119990 · Cited by 299
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in African-American Elderly
Ancoli‐Israel, S., Klauber, M. R., Stepnowsky, C. J., Estline, E., Chinn, A., & Fell, R. L. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520760 · Cited by 294
Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Role of Sleep
Moore, P. J., Adler, N. E., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200203000-00018 · Cited by 292
Working memory and sleep in 6- to 13-year-old schoolchildren
STEENARI, M.-R., VUONTELA, V., PAAVONEN, E. J., CARLSON, S., FJÄLLBERG, M., & ARONEN, E. T. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200301000-00014 · Cited by 274
Sleep and Adjustment in Preschool Children: Sleep Diary Reports by Mothers Relate to Behavior Reports by Teachers
Bates, J. E., Viken, R. J., Alexander, D. B., Beyers, J. M., & Stockton, L. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00392 · Cited by 265
Developmental Features of Sleep
Mindell, J. A. A., Owens, J. A., & Carskadon, M. A. (1999) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30149-4 · Cited by 260
Activity-based assessment of sleep-wake patterns during the 1st year of life
Sadeh, A., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., Aytur, S., & Carskadon, M. A. (1995) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/0163-6383(95)90021-7 · Cited by 246
A Longitudinal Study of Bed Sharing and Sleep Problems Among Swiss Children in the First 10 Years of Life
Jenni, O. G., Fuhrer, H. Z., Iglowstein, I., Molinari, L., & Largo, R. H. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0815e · Cited by 240
Book Review: Modeling Longitudinal and Multilevel Data: Practical Issues, Applied Approaches, and Specific Examples, edited by T. D. Little, K. U. Schnabel, and J. Baumert (2000). Mahwah, Nj: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bliese, P. D. (2003) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/109442812003006001008 · Cited by 208
Racial Differences in Reported Napping and Nocturnal Sleep in 2- to 8-Year-Old Children
Crosby, B. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0815d · Cited by 207
Sleep in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a review of naturalistic and stimulant intervention studies
Cohen-Zion, M., & Ancoli-Israel, S. (2004) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2004.06.002 · Cited by 203
Who’s in the House? Race Differences in Cohabitation, Single Parenthood, and Child Development
Dunifon, R. E., & Kowaleski‐Jones, L. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00470 · Cited by 192
The Sleep of African Americans: A Comparative Review
Durrence, H. H., & Lichstein, K. L. (2006) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0401_3 · Cited by 171
Learning in children and sleep disordered breathing: Findings of the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA) Prospective Cohort Study
Kaemingk, K. L., Pasvogel, A. E., Goodwin, J. L., Mulvaney, S. A., Martínez, F. V. B., Enright, P., Rosen, G. M., Morgan, W. J., Fregosi, R. F., & Quan, S. F. (2003) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617703970056 · Cited by 166
Relationships of Race and Socioeconomic Status with Prevalence, Severity, and Symptoms of Asthma in Chicago School Children
Persky, V., Slezak, J. A., Contreras, A., Becker, L., Hernández, E., Ramakrishnan, V., & Piorkowski, J. (1998) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62824-4 · Cited by 145
Epidemiology of Sleep
Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Riedel, B. W., Taylor, D. J., & Bush, A. J. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610850 · Cited by 140
Prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in an adolescent population: association with gender and race
Fagan, J. K., Scheff, P. A., Hryhorczuk, D. O., Ramakrishnan, V., Ross, M., & Persky, V. (2001) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62688-9 · Cited by 134
Vagal regulation and emotional intensity predict children's sleep problems
El‐Sheikh, M., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2005) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20066 · Cited by 128
Self-citation
Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Function in Children with a History of Snoring or Behavioral Sleep Problems
Blunden, S. L., Lushington, K., Lorenzen, B., Martin, J. M., & Kennedy, D. (2005) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.043 · Cited by 127
School performance, race, and other correlates of sleep-disordered breathing in children
Chervin, R. D., Clarke, D., Huffman, J. L., Szymanski, E., Ruzicka, D. L., Miller, V. D., Nettles, A. L., Sowers, M. R., & Giordani, B. (2003) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(02)00243-5 · Cited by 123
Sleep and Neurobehavioral Functioning in Boys with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and No Reported Breathing Problems
Gruber, R., & Sadeh, A. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.2.267 · Cited by 106
Are there ethnic differences in sleep architecture?
Profant, J., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2002) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.10032 · Cited by 87
Sleep‐disordered breathing in a predominantly African‐American pediatric population
Stepanski, E. J., Zayyad, A., Nigro, C. A., Lopata, M., & Basner, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00136.x · Cited by 83
A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Boker, S. M., & Graham, J. J. (1998) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3304_3 · Cited by 82
Prevalence of asthma
Anderson, H. R. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1037 · Cited by 77
Influence of Irregular Sleep Patterns on Waking Behavior
Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499999.016 · Cited by 53
The Impact of Sleep‐Disordered Breathing on Cognition and Behavior in Children: A Review and Meta‐Synthesis of the Literature
Ebert, C. S., & Drake, A. F. (2004) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.017 · Cited by 44
Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and Wise Choice for School Aged Children
Dahl, R. E. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.12.1498 · Cited by 28
Reaction time measures of processing speed: Are they yielding new information about intelligence?
Buckhalt, J. A. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90223-x · Cited by 17
Self-citation
[What is health?].
Pera, P. I., Matheu, C. L., & Soria, R. I. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 15
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING NIH STRATEGIC PLAN TO REDUCE AND ULTIMATELY ELIMINATE HEALTH DISPARITIES
Aging, O. (2002) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/ghdy-p8ip · Cited by 9
Reaction time and movement time relationships with intelligence in three different simple tasks
Buckhalt, J. A., Whang, P. A., & Fischman, M. G. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00206-7 · Cited by 5
Self-citation

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Acebo, 2002, Adolescent sleep patterns: Biological, social, and psychological influences, 220
Carskadon, 1991, Reliability of six scales in a sleep questionnaire for adolescents, Sleep Research, 20, 421
Dahl, 2005, Sleep, learning, and the developing brain, Sleep, 28, 1498
Dinges, 1987, Temporal placement of a nap for alertness, Sleep, 10, 313
National Sleep Foundation (NSF), 2004, 2004 Sleep in America Poll
Woodcock, 2001, Woodcock–Johnson III tests of cognitive ability

Sorted by citations

Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: a century of research meta-analyzed.
Astill, R. G., Van der Heijden, K. B., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028204 · Cited by 707
Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents
Gregory, A. M., & Sadeh, A. (2011) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.03.007 · Cited by 737
Use of actigraphy for assessment in pediatric sleep research
Meltzer, L. J., Montgomery‐Downs, H. E., Insana, S., & Walsh, C. M. (2012) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.10.002 · Cited by 679
Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: The Need for Sleep Study
Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L. F., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. L. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5552 · Cited by 446
Sleep and memory in healthy children and adolescents - a critical review
Kopasz, M., Loessl, B., Hornyak, M., Riemann, D., Nissen, C., Piosczyk, H., & Voderholzer, U. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.006 · Cited by 277

See all 294

Authors: Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M., & Keller, P.
Affiliations: Auburn University (US)
Auburn University
University of Notre Dame (US)
Corresponding author: Buckhalt, Joseph A
ORCID: Buckhalt, Joseph A
Keller, Peggy
Venue: Child Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2007-01-01
Volume: 78
Issue: 1
Pages: 213-231
ISSN: 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
1467-8624
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00993.x
OpenAlex: W2121738973
Cited by: 294
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 17.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 58 d)
Locations: Child Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: children's sleep, cognitive function, race, socioeconomic status, moderating effect, sleep disruption, sleep quality, African American children, European American children, sleep interventions
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aptitude, Black or African American, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Puberty, Reaction Time, Sex Factors, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Wakefulness, Black People, White People

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Children's Sleep and Cognitive Functioning: Race and Socioeconomic Status as Moderators of Effects

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks