Family environments, adrenarche and sexual maturation: a longitudinal test of a life history model
Abstract
Life history theorists have proposed that humans have evolved to be sensitive to specific features of early childhood environments and that exposure to different environments biases children toward development of different reproductive strategies, including differential pubertal timing. The current research provides a longitudinal test of this theory. Assessments of family environments, based on interviews with mothers and fathers, were conducted in preschool, and children were then followed prospectively through middle childhood. Adrenal hormones were assayed in a selected subsample of 120 children (73 girls) at age 7, and parent and child reports of secondary sexual characteristics were collected in the full female sample of 180 girls at age 11. Higher quality parental investment (from both mothers and fathers) and less father-reported Marital Conflict/Depression forecast later adrenarche. Older age at menarche in mothers, higher socioeconomic status, greater mother-based Parental Supportiveness, and lower third-grade body mass index each uniquely and significantly predicted later sexual development in daughters. Consistent with a life history perspective, quality of parental investment emerged as a central feature of the proximal family environment in relation to pubertal timing.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Familial stress experienced in childhood anticipates adrenarche in both boys and girls.
“familial stress experienced in childhood anticipates adrenarche in both boys and girls”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Ellis and Essex (2007)
Cues to extrinsic morbidity-mortality guide development toward life-history trade-offs favoring an earlier pubertal transition from somatic to reproductive effort, but future over current reproduction in adulthood, especially in females.
“Thus, cues to extrinsic morbidity-mortality guide development toward LH trade-offs favoring an earlier pubertal transition from somatic to reproductive effort (e.g., Belsky et al., 1991; Ellis and Essex, 2007; Tither and Ellis, 2008) but future over current reproduction in adulthood, especially in females (e.g., Nakamura et al., 2008; Nepomnaschy et al., 2006)”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Ellis and Essex, 2007
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,384 · see citing works
The Evolution of Life-histories
Benton, T. G., & Stearne, S. C. (1993) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.2307/5403 · Cited by 12,192 · see citing works
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data
Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2002) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781119013563 · Cited by 8,473 · see citing works
The evolution of life histories: theory and analysis
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-4983 · Cited by 3,417 · see citing works
A self‐report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity and initial norms
Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537962 · Cited by 3,129 · see citing works
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., & Draper, P. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x · Cited by 2,532 · see citing works
The Evolution Of Life Histories
Stearns, S. C. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198577416.001.0001 · Cited by 2,384 · see citing works
Ogden, C. L., Kuczmarski, R. J., Flegal, K. M., Mei, Z., Guo, S. S., Wei, R. X., Grummer‐Strawn, L. M., Curtin, L. R., Roche, A. F., & Johnson, C. L. (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.109.1.45 · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works
Herman-Giddens, M. E., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Bourdony, C. J., Bhapkar, M. V., Koch, G. G., & Hasemeier, C. M. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.99.4.505 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
Abidin, R. R. (1990) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t02445-000 · Cited by 1,618 · see citing works
Reproductive Factors and Breast Cancer
Kelsey, J. L., Gammon, M. D., & John, E. M. (1993) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036115 · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Life History Invariants: Some Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology
Charnov, E. L. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198540724.001.0001 · Cited by 1,254 · see citing works
Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities?
Björntorp, P. A. (2001) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: an integrated life history approach
Ellis, B. J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of a self-administered instrument to assess stage of adolescent development
Morris, N. M., & Udry, J. R. (1980) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02088471 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Coping with Marital Transitions: A Family Systems Perspective
Hetherington, E. M. (1992) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1992.tb00300.x · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Father Absence and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective
Draper, P., & Harpending, H. C. (1982) · Journal of Anthropological Research · doi:10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
A self-administered rating scale for pubertal development
Carskadon, M. A., & Acebo, C. (1993) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/1054-139x(93)90004-9 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior
Feldman, R. S., & Rimé, B. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Earlier Onset of Puberty in Girls: Relation to Increased Body Mass Index and Race
Kaplowitz, P. B., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Pedlow, S. E., & Herman‐Giddens, M. E. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.108.2.347 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Williams Textbook of Endocrinology
Reutrakul, S. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000323673.44568.e8 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Wang, Y. (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.110.5.903 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Supportive Parenting, Ecological Context, and Children's Adjustment: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study
Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01970.x · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Chronic stress and comfort foods: Self-medication and abdominal obesity
Dallman, M. F., Pecoraro, N. C., & la Fleur, S. E. (2005) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.11.004 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Is psychopathology associated with the timing of pubertal development?
GRABER, J. A., LEWINSOHN, P. M., SEELEY, J. R., & BROOKS-GUNN, J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199712000-00026 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Does Father Absence Place Daughters at Special Risk for Early Sexual Activity and Teenage Pregnancy?
Ellis, B. J., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Pettit, G. S., & Woodward, L. J. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00569 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Self-citationPecoraro, N., Reyes, F., Gomez, F., Bhargava, A., & Dallman, M. F. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0305 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Puberty : ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders
Styne, D. M., Grumbach, M. M., Dennis, M., Styne, J., & Melvin, M. N. (1998) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2911-3.50026-1 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Detrimental psychological outcomes associated with early pubertal timing in adolescent girls
Mendle, J., Turkheimer, E., & Emery, R. E. (2007) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2006.11.001 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Must, A. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/155.7.672 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Dorn, L. D., Dahl, R. E., Woodward, H. R., & Biro, F. (2006) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads1001_3 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Belsky, J., HSIEH, K.-H., & Crnic, K. A. (1998) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457949800162x · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.1.157 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood
Lissau, I., Sørensen, T. I. A., & Lissau, I. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91163-0 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Ellis, B. J., & Garber, J. (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00159 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Self-citationEpel, E. S., McEwen, B. S., Seeman, T. E., Matthews, K. A., Castellazzo, G., Brownell, K. D., Bell, J., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200009000-00005 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques
Chard, T. (1978) · Laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0075-7535(08)70168-2 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
The “trouble” with salivary testosterone
Granger, D. A., Shirtcliff, E. A., Booth, A., Kivlighan, K. T., & Schwartz, E. B. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.02.005 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Childhood Experience and the Onset of Menarche: A Test of a Sociobiological Model
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Belsky, J., & Silva, P. A. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03594.x · Cited by 386 · see citing works
ELLIS, B. J., ESSEX, M. J., & BOYCE, W. T. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050157 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Self-citationFamily socialization of emotional expression and nonverbal communication styles and skills.
Halberstadt, A. G. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.4.827 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Human parental effort and environmental risk
Quinlan, R. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3690 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.157 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Ellis, B. J., McFadyen-Ketchum, S., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Menarche, a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer, Indicates Early Onset of Ovulatory Cycles*
APTER, D., & VIHKO, R. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-57-1-82 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Cameron, N. M., Champagne, F. A., Parent, C., Fish, E. W., Ozaki-Kuroda, K., & Meaney, M. J. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.022 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Percent Body Fat at Age 5 Predicts Earlier Pubertal Development Among Girls at Age 9
Davison, K. K., Susman, E. J., & Birch, L. L. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.815 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Lamerz, A., Küpper-Nybelen, J., Wehle, C., Bruning, N., Trost‐Brinkhues, G., Brenner, H., Hebebrand, J., & Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802914 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Family Rearing Antecedents of Pubertal Timing
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., Houts, R., Friedman, S. L., DeHart, G. B., Cauffman, E. E., Roisman, G. I., Halpern‐Felsher, B. L., & Susman, E. J. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Father absence, parental care, and female reproductive development
Quinlan, R. J. (2003) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(03)00039-4 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
A Sociobiological Perspective on the Development of Human Reproductive Strategies
Draper, P., & Harpending, H. C. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3760-0_12 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Childhood growth and age at menarche
Cooper, C. C., Kuh, D. J., Egger, P., Wadsworth, M. E. J., & Barker, D. J. P. (1996) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09879.x · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Maternity Leave And Women's Mental Health
Hyde, J. S., Klein, M. H., Essex, M. J., & Clark, R. (1995) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00291.x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationOn Fertile Ground: A Natural History of Human Reproduction
Ellison, P. T., Ma, C., & Fisher, M. L. (2001) · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The Effects of Varying Environmental Demands on Maternal and Infant Behavior
Rosenblum, L. A., & Paully, G. S. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00293.x · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Borms, J., Hauspie, R. C., Sand, E. A., Susanne, C., & Hebbelinck, M. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0743-4 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
McClintock, M. K., & Herdt, G. (1996) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512422 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The Effects of Varying Environmental Demands on Maternal and Infant Behavior
Rosenblum, L. A., & Paully, G. S. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129854 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
de Ridder, C. M., Thijssen, J. H. H., Bruning, P. F., den Brande, J. L. V., Zonderland, M. L., & Erich, W. B. M. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.75.2.1639945 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Casey, V. A., Dwyer, J. T., Coleman, K. A., Krall, E. A., Gardner, J., & Valadian, I. (1991) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014469100001492 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Age at menarche of mothers and daughters, with a note on accuracy of recall.
Damon, A., Damon, S. T., Reed, R. B., & Valadian, I. (1969) · PubMed · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Kiernan, M., KRAEMER, H. C., Winkleby, M. A., King, A. C., & Taylor, C. B. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.1.35 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Studies in Emotion and Social Interaction
Mandler, G. (1997) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511659911.019 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Granger, D. A., Schwartz, E. B., BOOTH, A. R., Curran, M., & Zakaria, D. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00013-x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Influences of environmental demand on maternal behavior and infant development
Rosenblum, L. A., & Andrews, M. W. (1994) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13266.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Natural history of premature pubarche: an auxological study
Ibáñez, L., Virdis, R., Potau, N., Zampolli, M., Ghizzoni, L., Albisu, M., Carrascosa, A., Bernasconi, S., & Vicens-Calvet, E. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.74.2.1730803 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Comings, D. E., Muhleman, D. R., Johnson, J. P., & MacMurray, J. P. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00456 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Body Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Plasma Hormones in Early Puberty in Females
de Ridder, C. M., Bruning, P. F., Zonderland, M. L., Thijssen, J. H. H., Bonfrèr, J. M. G., Blankenstein, M. A., Huisveld, I. A., & Erich, W. B. M. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-70-4-888 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The accuracy of recalled age of menarche.
Livson, N. H., & McNeill, D. B. (1962) · PubMed · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Family structure and age at menarche: A children-of-twins approach.
Mendle, J., Turkheimer, E. N., D'Onofrio, B. M., Lynch, S. K., Emery, R. E., Slutske, W. S., & Martin, N. G. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.533 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A Validation Study of Early Adolescents’ Pubertal Self-Assessments
Schmitz, K. E., Hovell, M. F., Nichols, J. F., Irvin, V. L., Keating, K., Simon, G., Gehrman, C. A., & Jones, K. L. (2004) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431604268531 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Boyce, W. T., Essex, M. J., Woodward, H. R., Measelle, J. R., Ablow, J. C., & Kupfer, D. J. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200205000-00016 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationAge of menarche: the role of some psychosocial factors
Romans, S. E., Martin, J., Gendall, K. A., & Herbison, P. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703007530 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
On fertile ground: A natural history of human reproduction
Grimes, M. (2002) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.10052 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Family composition, stress, and the timing of human menarche.
Surbey, M. K. (1990) · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Menarche is related to fat distribution
Lassek, W. D., & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2007) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20644 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Measuring Puberty and Understanding Its Impact: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Twins
Dick, D. M., Rose, R. J., Pulkkinen, L., & Kaprio, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1010471015102 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Stress: Understanding Regulation of Affect During Female Biological Transitions
Dorn, L. D., & Chrousos, G. (1997) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1067965 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Shirtcliff, E. A., Zahn‐Waxler, C., Klimes‐Dougan, B., & Slattery, M. J. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01723.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Booth, M. L., Macaskill, P., Lazarus, R. M., & Baur, L. A. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800841 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rapidly Developing Overweight in School Children as an Indicator of Psychosocial Stress
Mellbin, T., & Vuille, J. C. (1989) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb17938.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wilson, M. E., Fisher, J., Chikazawa, K., Yoda, R., Legendre, A., Mook, D. M., & Gould, K. G. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030782 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin study
George, I. M. S., Williams, S., & Silva, P. A. (1994) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/1054-139x(94)90141-o · Cited by 57 · see citing works
An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques
Watkins, D. (1979) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0071172 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Growing Up in a Lesbian Family: Effects on Child Development
Etemad, J. G. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199712000-00028 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dekkers, J. C., Podolsky, R. H., Treiber, F. A., Barbeau, P., Gutin, B., & Snieder, H. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.4.661 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Mellbin, T., & Vuille, J. C. (1989) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb17939.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sexual maturation of Greek boys
Papadimitriou, A., Stephanou, N., Papantzimas, K., Glynos, G., & Philippidis, P. (2002) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460110054966 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Physiological changes of adrenal androgens in childhood.
Tung, Y., Lee, J.-S., Tsai, W., & Hsiao, P.-H. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hoblyn, J. C., Noda, A. M., Yesavage, J. A., BROOKSIII, J., Sheikh, J. I., Lee, T. T., Tinklenberg, J. R., Schneider, B., O'Hara, R. M., & LESLIE, D. L. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.06.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ellison, P. T. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012156651-7/50005-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Herman-Giddens, M. E., Wang, L., & Koch, G. (2001) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.9.1022 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ellis (2009) · doi:10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7 · Cited by 1,592 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity
Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Self-citationThe evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: Implications for science, policy, and practice.
Ellis, B. J., Del Giudice, M., Dishion, T. J., Figueredo, A. J., Gray, P., Griskevicius, V., Hawley, P. H., Jacobs, W. J., James, J., Volk, A. A., et al. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026220 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Self-citationSex, attachment, and the development of reproductive strategies
Giudice, M. D. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000016 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Colich, N. L., Rosen, M. L., Williams, E. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000270 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Puberty and the human brain: insights into adolescent development
Vijayakumar, N., Op de Macks, Z., Shirtcliff, E. A., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.004 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
The neural mechanisms and circuitry of the pair bond
Walum, H., & Young, L. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0072-6 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
The evolution of predictive adaptive responses in human life history
Nettle, D., Frankenhuis, W. E., & Rickard, I. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1343 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Attachment theory within a modern evolutionary framework
Simpson, J. A., & Belsky, J. (2008) · BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Puberty and Its Measurement: A Decade in Review
Dorn, L. D., & Biro, F. M. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00722.x · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Charalampopoulos, D., McLoughlin, A., Elks, C. E., & Ong, K. K. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu113 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Belsky, J., NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, Steinberg, L., Houts, R. M., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015549 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Development of Human Reproductive Strategies: Progress and Prospects
Belsky, J. (2012) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721412453588 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Tither, J. M., & Ellis, B. J. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013065 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationEllis, B. J., Shirtcliff, E. A., Boyce, W. T., Deardorff, J., & Essex, M. J. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000660 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationPuberty and adolescent sexuality
Fortenberry, J. D. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.03.007 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary-Developmental Synthesis
Giudice, M. D. (2014) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12084 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
James, J., Ellis, B. J., Schlomer, G. L., & Garber, J. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026427 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationThe juvenile transition: A developmental switch point in human life history
Giudice, M. D., Angeleri, R., & Manera, V. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2008.09.001 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Role of Intensive Training in the Growth and Maturation of Artistic Gymnasts
Malina, R. M., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Armstrong, N., Beunen, G. P., Caine, D., Daly, R. M., Lewis, R. D., Rogol, A. D., & Russell, K. W. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0058-5 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Early-life conditions and age at first pregnancy in British women
Nettle, D., Coall, D. A., & Dickins, T. E. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1726 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Ellis, B. J., Schlomer, G. L., Tilley, E. H., & Butler, E. A. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941100085x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationA Life History Theory of Father Absence and Menarche: A Meta-Analysis
Webster, G. D., Graber, J. A., Gesselman, A. N., Crosier, B. S., & Schember, T. O. (2014) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491401200202 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Infant Attachment Security and the Timing of Puberty
Belsky, J., Houts, R., & Fearon, P. R. M. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610379867 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Byrne, M. L., Whittle, S., Vijayakumar, N., Dennison, M., Simmons, J. G., & Allen, N. B. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.12.004 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
High urinary phthalate concentration associated with delayed pubarche in girls
Frederiksen, H., Sørensen, K., Mouritsen, A., Aksglaede, L., Hagen, C. P., Petersen, J. H., Skakkebaek, N. E., Andersson, A. ‐., & Juul, A. (2012) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01260.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Childhood Abuse and Age at Menarche
Boynton‐Jarrett, R., Wright, R. J., Putnam, F. W., Hibert, E. N. L., Michels, K. B., Forman, M. R., & Rich-Edwards, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Flinn, M. V., Nepomnaschy, P. A., Muehlenbein, M. P., & Ponzi, D. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.01.005 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Belsky, J., Ruttle, P. L., Boyce, W. T., Armstrong, J. M., & Essex, M. J. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000017 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationFlexibility in reproductive timing in human females: integrating ultimate and proximate explanations
Nettle, D. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0073 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Diamond, L. M., & Savin‐Williams, R. C. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy001015 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Evolved but Not Fixed: A Life History Account of Gender Roles and Gender Inequality
Zhu, N., & Chang, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01709 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status in relation to early menarche among black and white girls
Braithwaite, D., Moore, D. H., Lustig, R. H., Epel, E. S., Ong, K. K., Rehkopf, D. H., Wang, M. C., Miller, S. M., & Hiatt, R. A. (2008) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9284-9 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The Emerging Theoretical Framework of Life Course Health Development
Halfon, N., & Forrest, C. B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_2 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Life-course origins of the ages at menarche and menopause
Forman, M. R., Mangini, L. D., Jean, R. T., & Hayward (2013) · Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s15946 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Synthesizing Views to Understand Sex Differences in Response to Early Life Adversity
Bath, K. G. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.02.004 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Marceau, K., Ruttle, P. L., Shirtcliff, E. A., Essex, M. J., & Susman, E. J. (2014) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21214 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of unpredictable early childhood environments on parenting in adulthood.
Szepsenwol, O., Simpson, J. A., Griskevicius, V., & Raby, K. L. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000032 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Delayed Puberty—Phenotypic Diversity, Molecular Genetic Mechanisms, and Recent Discoveries
Howard, S. R., & Dunkel, L. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00248 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Hummel, A., Shelton, K. H., Heron, J., Moore, L., & van den Bree, M. B. M. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12055 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Saridjan, N. S., Huizink, A. C., Koetsier, J. A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Mackenbach, J. P., Albert Hofman, D., Kirschbaum, C., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2009) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.12.001 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Biro, F. M., & Deardorff, J. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.019 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Deardorff, J., Ekwaru, J. P., Kushi, L. H., Ellis, B. J., Greenspan, L. C., Mirabedi, A. S., Landaverde, E. G., & Hiatt, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.032 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroendocrine coupling across adolescence and the longitudinal influence of early life stress
Ruttle, P. L., Shirtcliff, E. A., Armstrong, J. M., Klein, M. H., & Essex, M. J. (2013) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21138 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal Body Mass Index and Daughters’ Age at Menarche
Keim, S. A., Branum, A. M., Klebanoff, M. A., & Zemel, B. S. (2009) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181b093ce · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Early Puberty and Childhood Social and Behavioral Adjustment
Mensah, F. K., Bayer, J. K., Wake, M. A., Carlin, J. B., Allen, N. B., & Patton, G. C. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.018 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Ruttle, P. L., Javaras, K. N., Klein, M. H., Armstrong, J. M., Burk, L. R., & Essex, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.11.013 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationHurst, J. E., & Kavanagh, P. S. (2016) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.06.001 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary-Developmental Synthesis
Giudice, M. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_5 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Evo-devo of human adolescence: beyond disease models of early puberty
Hochberg, Z., & Belsky, J. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-113 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis
Giudice, M. D., & Belsky, J. (2010) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Early life adversity, pubertal timing, and epigenetic age acceleration in adulthood
Hamlat, E. J., Prather, A. A., Horvath, S., Belsky, J., & Epel, E. S. (2021) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22085 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hiatt, R. A., Haslam, S. Z., & Osuch, J. R. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0800120 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Evolution of Paternal Investment
Geary, D. C. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781119125563.evpsych120 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Pubertal Timing Among Girls: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, L., Zhang, D., & Sun, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16162887 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gettler, L. T., McDade, T. W., Bragg, J. M., Feranil, A. B., & Kuzawa, C. W. (2015) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22783 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Parenting research and themes: What we have learned and where to go next.
Morris, A. S., Cui, L., & Steinberg, L. D. (2012) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/13948-003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Callaghan, B., Gee, D., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Telzer, E., Humphreys, K., Goff, B., Shapiro, M., Flannery, J. E., Lumian, D. S., Fareri, D. S., et al. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.02.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Simmons, J. G., Badcock, P. B., Whittle, S., Byrne, M. L., Mundy, L. K., Patton, G. C., Olsson, C. A., & Allen, N. B. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The early care environment and DNA methylome variation in childhood
Garg, E., Chen, L., Nguyen, T. T. T., Pokhvisneva, I., Chen, L. M., Unternaehrer, E., MacIsaac, J. L., McEwen, L. M., Mah, S. M., Gaudreau, H., et al. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000627 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The effect of predictable early childhood environments on sociosexuality in early adulthood.
Szepsenwol, O., Griskevicius, V., Simpson, J. A., Young, E. S., Fleck, C. R., & Jones, R. E. (2017) · Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1037/ebs0000082 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Evolutionary Foundations of Developmental Psychopathology
Giudice, M. D., & Ellis, B. J. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy201 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of human male field studies of hormones and behavioral reproductive effort
Gray, P. B., McHale, T. S., & Carré, J. M. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.07.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sexual learning, sexual experience, and healthy adolescent sex
Fortenberry, J. D. (2014) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20061 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Mell, H., Safra, L., Algan, Y., Baumard, N., & Chevallier, C. (2017) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.08.006 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Study protocol: the Childhood to Adolescence Transition Study (CATS)
Mundy, L. K., Simmons, J. G., Allen, N. B., Viner, R. M., Bayer, J. K., Olds, T., Williams, J., Olsson, C., Romaniuk, H., Mensah, F., et al. (2013) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-160 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Maternal imprints and the origins of variation
Champagne, F. A. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.02.016 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Puberty: Its role in development.
Susman, E. J., & Dorn, L. D. (2013) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ellis, B. J. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.012 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Pubertal Timing and Girls’ Problem Behavior: Integrating Two Hypotheses
Stattin, H., Kerr, M., & Skoog, T. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9696-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Byrd‐Craven, J., Auer, B. J., Granger, D. A., & Massey-Abernathy, A. R. (2011) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026588 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
How does childhood socioeconomic hardship affect reproductive strategy? Pathways of development
Sheppard, P., Pearce, M. S., & Sear, R. (2015) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22793 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Secure Infant-Mother Attachment Buffers the Effect of Early-Life Stress on Age of Menarche
Sung, S., Simpson, J. A., Griskevicius, V., Kuo, S. I., Schlomer, G. L., & Belsky, J. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616631958 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sulloway, F. J. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372090.003.0004 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gray, S. A. O., Jones, C. W., Theall, K. P., Glackin, E. B., & Drury, S. S. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A prospective study of childhood social hardships and age at menarche
Boynton‐Jarrett, R., & Harville, E. W. (2012) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.08.005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Figueredo, A. J., de Baca, T. C., Black, C. J., García, R. A., Fernandes, H. B. F., Wolf, P. S. A., & Anthony, M. (2015) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491501300202 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Examining the Relationship between Life Expectancy, Reproduction, and Educational Attainment
Bulled, N. L., & Sosis, R. H. (2010) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-010-9092-2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Associations between early adrenarche, affective brain function and mental health in children
Whittle, S., Simmons, J. G., Byrne, M. L., Strikwerda-Brown, C., Kerestes, R., Seal, M. L., Olsson, C. A., Dudgeon, P., Mundy, L. K., Patton, G. C., et al. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv014 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Manuck, S. B., Craig, A. E., Flory, J. D., Halder, I., & Ferrell, R. E. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000659 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Attachment in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary-Developmental Perspective
Giudice, M. D. (2015) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20101 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Halevi, G., Djalovski, A., Kanat‐Maymon, Y., Yirmiya, K., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Koren, L., & Feldman, R. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000307 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Father Absence and Reproduction-Related Outcomes in Malaysia, a Transitional Fertility Population
Sheppard, P., Snopkowski, K., & Sear, R. (2014) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-014-9195-2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Belsky, J., & Shalev, I. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000900 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Magnus, M. C., Anderson, E. L., Howe, L. D., Joinson, C. J., Penton‐Voak, I. S., & Fraser, A. (2017) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209488 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Fragkaki, I., Cima, M., & Granic, I. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.005 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Early Life Stress Delays Sexual Maturation in Female Mice
Manzano-Nieves, G., Nitenson, A. S., Lee, H.-I., Gallo, M. E., Aguilar, Z., Johnsen, A., Bravo, M., & Bath, K. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00027 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hagan, M. J., Roubinov, D. S., Adler, N. E., Boyce, W. T., & Bush, N. R. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000379 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Childhood adversity and pubertal timing: Understanding the origins of adulthood cardiovascular risk
Bleil, M. E., Adler, N. E., Appelhans, B. M., Gregorich, S. E., Sternfeld, B., & Cedars, M. I. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Thijssen, S., Collins, P. F., & Luciana, M. M. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000580 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Culpin, I., Heron, J., Araya, R., Melotti, R., Lewis, G., & Joinson, C. J. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.02.003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Li, L., Denholm, R., & Power, C. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu071 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Amir, D., Jordan, M. R., & Bribiescas, R. G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155883 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bleil, M. E., Booth‐LaForce, C., & Benner, A. D. (2017) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-017-9441-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Early Menarche and Psychopathological Symptoms in Young Chinese Women
Deng, F., Tao, F., Wan, Y., Hao, J., Su, P., & Cao, Y. (2011) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2102 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Biological perspectives on the effects of early psychosocial experience
Marshall, P. J., & Kenney, J. W. (2009) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2009.05.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Joos, C. M., Wodzinski, A., Wadsworth, M. E., & Dorn, L. D. (2018) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vulnerability to Disease as a Predictor of Faster Life History Strategies
Hill, S. E., Boehm, G. W., & Prokosch, M. L. (2016) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-015-0040-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Violence, Teenage Pregnancy, and Life History
Copping, L. T., Campbell, A., & Muncer, S. (2013) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-013-9163-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Social and emotional predictors of the tempo of puberty in female rhesus monkeys
Wilson, M. E., Bounar, S., Godfrey, J., Michopoulos, V., Higgins, M. K., & Sánchez, M. M. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ellis, B. J., & Essex, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ellis, Bruce J
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-11-01
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1799-1817
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2024429459
- Cited by
- 320
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 14.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH44340, P50-MH 52354, P50MH052354, R01MH044340)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- adrenarche, pubertal timing, sexual maturation, life history theory, parental investment, family environment, marital conflict, parental depression, socioeconomic status, body mass index, menarche, early childhood, adrenal hormones, secondary sexual characteristics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Autonomic Nervous System, Child, Child, Preschool, Depression, Family, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Individuality, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Puberty, Sexual Maturation, Social Environment, Social Support, Body Mass Index, Parenting, Adrenarche, Family Conflict
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
