The neural mechanisms and circuitry of the pair bond
Open accessAbstract
Love is one of our most powerful emotions, inspiring some of the greatest art, literature and conquests of human history. Although aspects of love are surely unique to our species, human romantic relationships are displays of a mating system characterized by pair bonding, likely built on ancient foundational neural mechanisms governing individual recognition, social reward, territorial behaviour and maternal nurturing. Studies in monogamous prairie voles and mice have revealed precise neural mechanisms regulating processes essential for the pair bond. Here, we discuss current viewpoints on the biology underlying pair bond formation, its maintenance and associated behaviours from neural and evolutionary perspectives.
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Much of the understanding of neural mechanisms responsible for pair bonding comes from studies in prairie voles.
“Much of our understanding of neural mechanisms responsible for pair bonding comes from studies in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a socially monogamous rodent.”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin promotes prosocial behavior, bonding, and the saliency of social cues in humans and other mammals.
“Research in humans and in other mammals demonstrates a role for OT in promoting prosocial behavior, bonding, and the saliency of social cues [9,23,24].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Prairie voles form enduring pair bonds with an opposite-sex partner and exhibit biparental care for their offspring.
“In the past few decades, prairie voles have emerged as a model species for understanding monogamous mating strategies and complex social relationships as they form enduring pair bonds with an opposite-sex partner and exhibit biparental care for their offspring [4,9,62].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin in the anterior olfactory nucleus facilitates an increased inhibitory tone in the main olfactory bulb, resulting in a greater signal-to-noise ratio for odors associated with social interactions.
“OT in the AON facilitates an increased inhibitory tone in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), resulting in a greater signal-to-noise ratio for odors associated with social interactions and subsequently leading to a higher quality signal being transmitted to downstream regions [9,88].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Activation of D1Rs inhibits pair bond formation and activation of D2Rs stimulates pair bonding.
“Interestingly, the effects of DA 1-type receptors (D1R) and DA 2-type receptors (DA2R) on bonding are opposing, with the activation of D1Rs inhibiting pair bond formation and the activation of D2Rs stimulating pair bonding [9,141].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
In female prairie voles, pharmacological blockade of OXTRs in either the NAc or mPFC prevents mating-induced partner preference.
“In female prairie voles, pharmacological blockade of OXTRs in either the NAc or mPFC prevents mating-induced partner preference [9].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
In monogamous prairie voles, oxytocin facilitates mating-induced bonding and long-term partner preference.
“In monogamous prairie voles, oxytocin facilitates mating-induced bonding and long-term partner preference”
From Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior (2021) · cites this paper as Walum & Young 2018
Oxytocin interacts with dopamine to facilitate pair-bonding, possibly by facilitating synaptic plasticity to link neural representations of partner cues to the reward system.
“Oxytocin interacts with dopamine to facilitate pair-bonding, possibly by facilitating synaptic plasticity to link neural representations of partner cues to the reward system”
From Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior (2021) · cites this paper as Walum & Young 2018
Central vasopressin regulates social communication, territorial aggression, pair bonding, and mate guarding, especially in males.
“whereas central AVP has been shown to regulate social communication, territorial aggression, pair bonding, and mate guarding, especially in males (9,15,16).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Vasopressin modulates aggression, predominantly in males.
“Vasopressin modulates social communication, social investigation, territorial behavior, and aggression, predominantly in males.”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Vasopressin modulates territorial behavior.
“Vasopressin modulates social communication, social investigation, territorial behavior, and aggression, predominantly in males.”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Both oxytocin and vasopressin facilitate pair bonding behaviors in monogamous species.
“Both peptides facilitate social memory and pair bonding behaviors in monogamous species.”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Vasopressin modulates social communication.
“Vasopressin modulates social communication, social investigation, territorial behavior, and aggression, predominantly in males.”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin is well known for its influence on social bonding and maternal behavior, and its role in parental behavior highlights the putative function of oxytocin as an attentional modulator.
“OXT is well known for its influence on social bonding and maternal behavior (9,18), and its role in parental behavior highlights the putative function of OXT as an attentional modulator (122).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Studies in monogamous prairie voles have revealed the critical roles of oxytocin and vasopressin and their receptors in pair bonding, biparental care, and mate guarding.
“Studies in monogamous prairie voles have revealed the critical roles of OXT and AVP and their receptors in pair bonding, biparental care, and mate guarding.”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin facilitates social learning.
“oxytocin facilitates social learning”
From Refining oxytocin therapy for autism: context is key (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin is a powerful neuromodulator that makes the brain more attentive to social stimuli, promotes synaptic plasticity, and facilitates social learning by modulating neural circuits.
“oxytocin is a powerful neuromodulator: it makes the brain more attentive to social stimuli, promotes synaptic plasticity, and facilitates social learning by modulating neural circuits8,9”
From Refining oxytocin therapy for autism: context is key (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin increases the salience of social stimuli and fine-tunes neural processes so that an organism can better attend and respond to those stimuli.
“Oxytocin increases the salience of social stimuli and fine-tunes neural processes so that an organism can better attend and respond to those stimuli9”
From Refining oxytocin therapy for autism: context is key (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Oxytocin enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of social information in brain regions that process incoming sensory signals and facilitates the flow of that information to areas involved in affective and cognitive processes, reward learning and memory.
“The drug enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of social information in brain regions that process incoming sensory signals and facilitates the flow of that information to areas involved in affective and cognitive processes, reward learning and memory8,9”
From Refining oxytocin therapy for autism: context is key (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
In rodents, olfactory information is transmitted to the medial amygdala, where oxytocin-dependent signaling is necessary for social recognition.
“In rodents, olfactory information is transmitted to the medial amygdala, where oxytocin-dependent signaling is necessary for social recognition [10,19].”
From Translational opportunities for circuit-based social neuroscience: advancing 21st century psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
There is remarkable conservation in the neuromodulators regulating social behaviors across species.
“Despite tremendous variation in social behavior across species, there is remarkable conservation in the neuromodulators regulating social behaviors.”
From Translational opportunities for circuit-based social neuroscience: advancing 21st century psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
Inter- and intraspecies variation in social behavior is related to variation in the distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in the brain.
“Inter- and intraspecies variation in social behavior is related to variation in the distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in the brain [10,11].”
From Translational opportunities for circuit-based social neuroscience: advancing 21st century psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
Oxytocin and vasopressin modulate social behaviors across vertebrate taxa, from flocking in birds to pair-bonding in voles.
“Oxytocin and vasopressin, for example, modulate social behaviors across vertebrate taxa, from flocking in birds to pair-bonding in voles.”
From Translational opportunities for circuit-based social neuroscience: advancing 21st century psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
In virgins, social interactions facilitating future pair bonding (e.g. mating) would release OXT, resulting in decreased amplitude of sEPSCs in NAc MSNs, which may serve to decrease noise, facilitating linking the cues of the future partner with the reward system.
“In virgins, social interactions facilitating future pair bonding (e.g. mating), would release OXT, resulting in decreased amplitude of sEPSCs in NAc MSNs, which may serve to decrease noise, facilitating linking the cues of the future partner with the reward system 2 (Figure 6 left).”
From Social experience alters oxytocinergic modulation in the nucleus accumbens of female prairie voles (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
OXT is released within the brain as relationships form and facilitates experience-dependent social adaptations including formation of social memories, establishment of mating-induced pair bonds, and maternal responsiveness.
“OXT is released within the brain as relationships form and it facilitates experience-dependent social adaptations including the formation of social memories 14,15, the establishment of mating-induced pair bonds 2 and maternal responsiveness 16.”
From Social experience alters oxytocinergic modulation in the nucleus accumbens of female prairie voles (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Social relationships evolve over time through interactions that reshape how one perceives, engages with, and feels about another individual.
“Social relationships evolve over time through interactions – both positive and negative – that reshape how one subsequently perceives 1, engages with 2 and feels 3 about another individual.”
From Social experience alters oxytocinergic modulation in the nucleus accumbens of female prairie voles (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Huddling in prairie voles has generally been explored in the context of a partner preference test.
“However, huddling in prairie voles has generally been explored in the context of a partner preference test (Walum and Young, 2018).”
From Helping behavior in prairie voles: a model of empathy and the importance of oxytocin (2022) · cites this paper as Walum and Young, 2018
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Self-citationMultiple Modes of Synaptic Excitation of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells
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Convergence of olfactory and vomeronasal projections in the rat basal telencephalon
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Modulation of pair bonding in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) by corticosterone.
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Neurobiological mechanisms of social attachment and pair bonding
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Self-citationThe main olfactory system and social learning in mammals
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Oxytocin receptor density is associated with male mating tactics and social monogamy
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Sexual fidelity trade-offs promote regulatory variation in the prairie vole brain
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Self-citationBarrett, C. E., Arambula, S. E., & Young, L. J. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.73 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamic corticostriatal activity biases social bonding in monogamous female prairie voles
Amadei, E. A., Johnson, Z. V., Jun Kwon, Y., Shpiner, A. C., Saravanan, V., Mays, W. D., Ryan, S. J., Walum, H., Rainnie, D. G., Young, L. J., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22381 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocinSynthesis, Secretion, and Reproductive Functions
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Self-citationGonadal steroids have paradoxical effects on brain oxytocin receptors
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Self-citationAhern, T. H., Hammock, E. A. D., & Young, L. J. (2011) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20498 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocin receptors modulate a social salience neural network in male prairie voles
Johnson, Z. V., Walum, H., Xiao, Y., Riefkohl, P. C., & Young, L. J. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.009 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationκ-Opioid Receptors within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediate Pair Bond Maintenance
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Liu, Y., Young, K. A., Curtis, J. T., Aragona, B. J., & Wang, Z. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1006-11.2011 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Aragona, B. J., Young, K. A., Dietz, D. M., Kabbaj, M., Mazei-Robison, M., Nestler, E. J., & Wang, Z. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0911998107 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Barrett, C. E., Keebaugh, A. C., Ahern, T. H., Bass, C. E., Terwilliger, E. F., & Young, L. J. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.005 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationCRF receptors in the nucleus accumbens modulate partner preference in prairie voles
Lim, M. M., Liu, Y., Ryabinin, A. E., Bai, Y., Wang, Z., & Young, L. J. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.01.006 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationLateral septal vasopressin in rats: role in social and object recognition?
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Intranasal oxytocin enhances intrinsic corticostriatal functional connectivity in women
Bethlehem, R. A. I., Lombardo, M. V., Lai, M.-C., Auyeung, B., Crockford, S. K., Deakin, J., Soubramanian, S., Sule, A., Kundu, P., Voon, V, et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.72 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
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Oxytocin Receptor Binding in Female Prairie Voles: Endogenous and Exogenous Oestradiol Stimulation
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Neuropeptides and social behavior: animal models relevant to autism
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Self-citationDopamine and opioid systems interact within the nucleus accumbens to maintain monogamous pair bonds
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A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids
Raghanti, M. A., Edler, M. K., Stephenson, A. R., Munger, E. L., Jacobs, B., Hof, P. R., Sherwood, C. C., Holloway, R. L., & Lovejoy, C. O. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1719666115 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Pohl, T. T., Young, L. J., & Bosch, O. J. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.12.011 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationModi, M. E., Inoue, K., Barrett, C. E., Kittelberger, K. A., Smith, D. G., Landgraf, R., & Young, L. J. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.35 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationMENARCHE AND FATHER ABSENCE IN A NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLE
Bogaert, A. F. (2007) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932007002386 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
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Cohabitation induced Fos immunoreactivity in the monogamous prairie vole
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Donaldson, Z. R., Spiegel, L., & Young, L. J. (2010) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0018094 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationLove: Neuroscience reveals all
Young, L. J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/457148a · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationVasopressin and pair-bond formation: genes to brain to behavior.
Nair, H. P., & Young, L. J. (2006) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00049.2005 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationThalamic integration of social stimuli regulating parental behavior and the oxytocin system
Dobolyi, A., Cservenák, M., & Young, L. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.05.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationOphir, A. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00397 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Oxytocin facilitates the induction of long-term potentiation in the accessory olfactory bulb
Fang, L.-Y., Quan, R.-D., & Kaba, H. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.12.070 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Aversive motivation and the maintenance of monogamous pair bonding
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Flattery, C. N. R., Ross, A. P., Sahu, S. P., Siegel, E. R., Dooyema, J. M., Cree, M. A., Stopa, E. G., Young, L. J., Rilling, J. K., Albers, H. E., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22875 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationModi, M. E., & Young, L. J. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.026 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Chemistry Between Us: Love, Sex, and the Science of Attraction
Young, L. J., & Alexander, B. G. (2012) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationPartner Loss in Monogamous Rodents: Modulation of Pain and Emotional Behavior in Male Prairie Voles
Osako, Y., Nobuhara, R., Arai, Y.-C. P., Tanaka, K., Young, L. J., Nishihara, M., Mitsui, S., & Yuri, K. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000524 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationBosch, O. J., Pohl, T. T., Neumann, I. D., & Young, L. J. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.034 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSerotonin 1A agonism decreases affiliative behavior in pair-bonded titi monkeys
Larke, R. H., Maninger, N., Ragen, B., Mendoza, S. P., & Bales, K. L. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hostetler, C. M., & Ryabinin, A. E. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2858-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Love and addiction: an uneasy marriage? A response to “The devil is in the differences”
Burkett, J. P., & Young, L. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2881-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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- [23]Burbach P, Young LJ & Russell J in Knobilan Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction (ed. Neill JD) 3055– 3127 (Elsevier, 2006).
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Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior
Froemke, R. C., & Young, L. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-102320-102847 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
“Oxytocin interacts with dopamine to facilitate pair-bonding, possibly by facilitating synaptic plasticity to link neural representations of partner cues to the reward system (Walum & Young 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSocial touch promotes interfemale communication via activation of parvocellular oxytocin neurons
Tang, Y., Benusiglio, D., Lefevre, A., Hilfiger, L., Althammer, F., Bludau, A., Hagiwara, D., Baudon, A., Darbon, P., Schimmer, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0674-y · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities
Rigney, N., de Vries, G. J., Petrulis, A., & Young, L. J. (2022) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqac111 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationRescue of oxytocin response and social behaviour in a mouse model of autism
Hörnberg, H., Pérez-Garci, E., Schreiner, D., Hatstatt-Burklé, L., Magara, F., Baudouin, S., Matter, A., Nacro, K., Pecho-Vrieseling, E., & Scheiffele, P. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2563-7 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Yu, H., Miao, W., Ji, E., Huang, S., Jin, S., Zhu, X., Liu, M.-Z., Sun, Y.-G., Xu, F., & Yu, X. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.022 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Distinct neural mechanisms for the prosocial and rewarding properties of MDMA
Heifets, B. D., Salgado, J. S., Taylor, M. D., Hoerbelt, P., Cardozo Pinto, D. F., Steinberg, E. E., Walsh, J. J., Sze, J. Y., & Malenka, R. C. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6435 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Sun, Q., Li, X., Li, A., Zhang, J., Ding, Z., Gong, H., & Luo, Q. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.100894 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Bales, K. L., Ardekani, C. S., Baxter, A., Karaskiewicz, C. L., Kuske, J. X., Lau, A. R., Savidge, L. E., Sayler, K. R., & Witczak, L. R. (2021) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105062 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Loneliness and the Social Brain: How Perceived Social Isolation Impairs Human Interactions
Lieberz, J., Shamay‐Tsoory, S. G., Saporta, N., Esser, T., Kuskova, E., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202102076 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Rogers-Carter, M. M., Djerdjaj, A., Gribbons, K. B., Varela, J. A., & Christianson, J. P. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0316-19.2019 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Horie, K., Inoue, K., Suzuki, S., Adachi, S., Yada, S., Hirayama, T., Hidema, S., Young, L. J., & Nishimori, K. (2019) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.011 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationRefining oxytocin therapy for autism: context is key
Ford, C. L., & Young, L. J. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00602-9 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocin Influences Male Sexual Activity via Non-synaptic Axonal Release in the Spinal Cord
Oti, T., Satoh, K., Uta, D., Nagafuchi, J., Tateishi, S., Ueda, R., Takanami, K., Young, L. J., Galione, A., Morris, J. F., et al. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.089 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationSexually dimorphic role of oxytocin in medaka mate choice
Yokoi, S., Naruse, K., Kamei, Y., Ansai, S., Kinoshita, M., Mito, M., Iwasaki, S., Inoue, S., Okuyama, T., Nakagawa, S., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1921446117 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives
Blumenthal, S. A., & Young, L. J. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12060844 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Research in humans and in other mammals demonstrates a role for OT in promoting prosocial behavior, bonding, and the saliency of social cues [9,23,24].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCircuits for social learning: a unified model and application to autism spectrum disorder
DeMayo, M. M., Young, L. J., Hickie, I. B., Song, Y. J. C., & Guastella, A. J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.034 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationHorie, K., Inoue, K., Nishimori, K., & Young, L. J. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.023 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“The BLA has been proposed as a key brain region regulating pair bonding as well (Numan and Young, 2016; Walum and Young, 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationTranslational opportunities for circuit-based social neuroscience: advancing 21st century psychiatry
Ford, C. L., & Young, L. J. (2021) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationInoue, K., Ford, C. L., Horie, K., & Young, L. J. (2022) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25382 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationParaventricular nucleus oxytocin subsystems promote active paternal behaviors in mandarin voles
He, Z., Zhang, L., Hou, W., Zhang, X., Young, L. J., Li, L., Liu, L., Ma, H., Xun, Y., Lv, Z., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2864-20.2021 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial experience alters oxytocinergic modulation in the nucleus accumbens of female prairie voles
Borie, A. M., Agezo, S., Lunsford, P., Boender, A. J., Guo, J.-D., Zhu, H., Berman, G. J., Young, L. J., & Liu, R. C. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.014 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationRogers Flattery, C. N., Coppeto, D. J., Inoue, K., Rilling, J. K., Preuss, T. M., & Young, L. J. (2022) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-021-02369-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationHelping behavior in prairie voles: a model of empathy and the importance of oxytocin
Kitano, K., Yamagishi, A., Horie, K., Nishimori, K., & Sato, N. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103991 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Oxytocin, vasopressin and social behavior in the age of genome editing: a comparative perspective
Boender, A. J., & Young, L. J. (2020) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104780 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationGrebe, N. M., Sharma, A., Freeman, S. M., Palumbo, M. C., Patisaul, H. B., Bales, K. L., & Drea, C. M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83342-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Day, N. F., Saxon, D., Robbins, A., Harris, L., Nee, E., Shroff-Mehta, N., Stout, K., Sun, J., Lillie, N., Burns, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.191510 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Inducing partner preference in mice by chemogenetic stimulation of CA2 hippocampal subfield
Cymerblit-Sabba, A., Smith, A. S., Williams Avram, S. K., Stackmann, M., Korgan, A. C., Tickerhoof, M. C., & Young, W. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00061 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
On the origins of diversity in social behavior
YOUNG, L. J., & ZHANG, Q. (2021) · Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology · doi:10.2502/janip.71.1.4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Representations of the Committed Romantic Partner in the Nucleus Accumbens
Ueda, R., & Abe, N. (2021) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976211021854 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Separation from a bonded partner alters neural response to inflammatory pain in monogamous rodents
Okuda, T., Osako, Y., Hidaka, C., Nishihara, M., Young, L. J., Mitsui, S., & Yuri, K. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113650 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., & Jinpa, T. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104494 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walum, H., & Young, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Larry J.
- ORCID
- Young, Larry J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2018-10-09
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 643-654
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC6283620
- OpenAlex
- W2896038646
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P51OD011132)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH112788, R01MH096983, P50MH100023)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- pair bond, monogamy, Microtus ochrogaster, mice, social reward, individual recognition, territoriality, neural circuits, mating system evolution, romantic relationships, love
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Dopamine, Biological Evolution, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Oxytocin, Pair Bond, Sexual Behavior, Social Behavior, Species Specificity, Vasopressins
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