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Sleep Preferentially Enhances Memory for Emotional Components of Scenes
Open accessAbstract
Central aspects of emotional experiences are often well remembered at the expense of background details. Previous studies of such memory trade-offs have focused on memory after brief delays, but little is known about how these components of emotional memories change over time. We investigated the evolution of memory for negative scenes across 30 min, 12 daytime hours spent awake, and 12 nighttime hours including sleep. After 30 min, negative objects were well remembered at the expense of information about their backgrounds. Time spent awake led to forgetting of the entire negative scene, with memories of objects and their backgrounds decaying at similar rates. Sleep, in contrast, led to a preservation of memories of negative objects, but not their backgrounds, a result suggesting that the two components undergo differential processing during sleep. Memory for a negative scene develops differentially across time delays containing sleep and wake, with sleep selectively consolidating those aspects of memory that are of greatest value to the organism.
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“Our results are in line with studies and theoretical accounts proposing a role of sleep in the affective depotentiation of emotional memories.9,14,13,18,37”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Sleep is thought to enhance memory consolidation, particularly for emotional relative to neutral materials (Nishida, Pearsall, Buckner, & Walker, 2009; Payne, Chambers, & Kensinger, 2012; Payne, Stickgold, Swanberg, & Kensinger, 2008; Wagner, Gais, & Born, 2001).”
From Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application (2019) · cites this paper as Payne, Stickgold, Swanberg, & Kensinger, 2008
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“Sleep has been shown to modulate the processing of emotional memory.[66][67][68]”
From Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: The Need for Sleep Study (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
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“Some studies indeed demonstrated that sleep preferentially consolidates emotional over neutral memories (574,602,861,896,898,1276); however, others failed to reveal such effects (60,168,732,1147,1148).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [898]
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Citations
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The role of sleep in emotional memory processing in middle age
Jones, B. J., Mackay, A., Mantua, J., Schultz, K. S., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.002 · Cited by 26
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ResultHalf-lives in plasma and bioavailability of ethinylestradiol in laboratory animals.
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Future-relevant memories are not selectively strengthened during sleep
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Evidence of an active role of dreaming in emotional memory processing shows that we dream to forget
Zhang, J., Pena, A., Delano, N., Sattari, N. S., Shuster, A. E., Baker, F. C., Simon, K. C. N. S., & Mednick, S. C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58170-z · Cited by 37
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BackgroundVisual search guidance is best after a short delay
Schmidt, J., & Zelinsky, G. J. (2011) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2011.01.013 · Cited by 25
Hippocampal Contributions to Declarative Memory Consolidation During Sleep
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Barner, C., Seibold, M., Born, J., & Diekelmann, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02025 · Cited by 29
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BackgroundDenis, D., Kim, S. Y., Kark, S. M., Daley, R. T., Kensinger, E. A., & Payne, J. D. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15132 · Cited by 25
Self-citationHigher post-encoding cortisol benefits the selective consolidation of emotional aspects of memory
Cunningham, T. J., Mattingly, S. M., Tlatenchi, A., Wirth, M. M., Alger, S. E., Kensinger, E. A., & Payne, J. D. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107411 · Cited by 23
Self-citationAhmadi, Z., & Omidvar, S. (2022) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_22_22 · Cited by 24
Neural reactivation during human sleep
Denis, D., & Cairney, S. A. (2023) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20230109 · Cited by 24
Dreaming and its Discontents: U.S. Cultural Models in the Theater of Dreams
Mageo, J. M. (2013) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12030 · Cited by 22
Blaskovich, B., Szöllősi, Á., Gombos, F., Racsmány, M., & Simor, P. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw076 · Cited by 23
Do different salience cues compete for dominance in memory over a daytime nap?
Alger, S. E., Chen, S., & Payne, J. D. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.005 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSleep benefits emotional and neutral associative memories equally
Lehmann, M., Seifritz, E., & Rasch, B. (2016) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-015-0034-4 · Cited by 23
“In addition, sleep selectively improvesmemoryofneutral stimuli incidentally associated with a negative emotional context [27], while only one study so far has provided evidence for a selective effect of sleep on positive emotions (i.”
BackgroundNegative reinforcement impairs overnight memory consolidationPreprint
Stamm, A., Nguyen, N. D., Seicol, B. J., Fagan, A., Angela, O., Drumm, M., Lundt, M., Stickgold, R., & Wamsley, E. J. (2014) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.035196.114 · Cited by 24
“…sleep may not benefit all memories equally—emerging evidence suggests that sleepdependent memory consolidation is influenced by a variety of factors including emotion (Payne et al. 2008), expected future utility (Wilhelm et al. 2011a), and reward (Fischer and Born 2009; Oudiette et al. 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDreaming and waking cognition.
Graveline, Y. M., & Wamsley, E. J. (2015) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000018 · Cited by 21
If waking and dreaming consciousness became de-differentiated, would schizophrenia result?
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Residual effects of emotion are reflected in enhanced visual activity after sleep
Bennion, K. A., Payne, J. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0479-3 · Cited by 21
Self-citationSleep‐dependent selective imitation in infants
Konrad, C., Dirks, N. D., Warmuth, A., Herbert, J. S., Schneider, S., & Seehagen, S. (2018) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12777 · Cited by 23
“, a street scene), sleep specifically contributes to the preservation of the memory for the emotional central element, but not for the background (Payne et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSuppression-induced forgetting diminishes following a delay of either sleep or wake
Davidson, P., Hellerstedt, R., Jönsson, P., & Johansson, M. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2019.1705311 · Cited by 20
“All studies using the emotional trade-off paradigm with sleep (e.g. Payne et al., 2008) have for example used incidental encoding, and yet found effects of sleep.”
BackgroundMethodEmotional context at learning systematically biases memory for facial information
Bridge, D. J., Chian, J. Y., & Paller, K. A. (2010) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.38.2.125 · Cited by 21
Effects of post-encoding stress on performance in the DRM false memory paradigmPreprint
Pardilla‐Delgado, E., Alger, S. E., Cunningham, T. J., Kinealy, B. P., & Payne, J. D. (2015) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.039354.115 · Cited by 21
“Related to this power issue, the inclusion of both neutral and emotional stimuli might have resulted in an emotional-over-neutral memory benefit during the consolidation delay, which may help explain the null findings for neutral memory in the Smeets study (Hadley and Mackey 2006; Payne et al. 2008).”
Self-citationA Bird’s Eye View of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation
Brawn, T. P., & Margoliash, D. (2014) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_349 · Cited by 20
“…2002; Brawn et al. 2010b; Kempler and Richmond 2012), sensorimotor (Robertson et al. 2004; Brawn et al. 2008; Antony et al. 2012), emotional (Hu et al. 2006; Payne et al. 2008), spatial (Ferrara et al. 2008), relational (Ellenbogen et al. 2007), and prospective (Scullin and McDaniel 2010) memory.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSleep and the generalization of fear learning
Davidson, P., Carlsson, I., Jönsson, P., & Johansson, M. (2015) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12339 · Cited by 20
“Others have found sleep to facilitate memory consolidation for emotional details, at the expense of the background they were encountered in (Payne et al., 2008) and also to change the neural trace of emotional memories (Payne and Kensinger, 2010; Sterpenich et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSleep preserves subjective and sympathetic emotional response of memories
Jones, B. J., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2019) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107096 · Cited by 20
“Abundant evidence indicates that sleep strengthens or preserves emotional memory content (Baran et al., 2012, Nishida et al., 2009, Payne et al., 2008, Tempesta et al., 2018, Wagner et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe effect of cognitive reappraisal on the emotional memory trade-off
Steinberger, A. E., Payne, J. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2011) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.538373 · Cited by 24
Self-citationAdaptive memory: The influence of sleep and wake delay on the survival-processing effect
Abel, M., & Bäuml, K. T. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2013.825621 · Cited by 22
“While benefits of sleep have been observed with incidentally encoded memories before (e.g., Payne et al., 2008), not much is yet known about the interplay of sleep and different forms of incidental item encoding.”
BackgroundInfluentialSleep sharpens sensory stimulus coding in human visual cortex after fear conditioning
Virginie Sterpenich, A., Piguet, C., Desseilles, M., Ceravolo, L., Gschwind, M., Ville, D. V. D., Vuilleumier, P. O., & Schwartz, S. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.003 · Cited by 19
“Because we aimed at minimizing any experimental stressors (see Results section), the participants from the Sleep group slept in familiar conditions at their home with actimetry (but no EEG) (Hu et al., 2006; Payne et al., 2008).”
MethodSleep selectively stabilizes contextual aspects of negative memories
Cox, R., van Bronkhorst, M. L. V., Bayda, M., Gomillion, H., Cho, E., Parr, E., Manickas-Hill, O. P., Schapiro, A. C., & Stickgold, R. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35999-9 · Cited by 22
Self-citationThe impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications
Morgan, D. P., Tamminen, J., Seale-Carlisle, T. M., & Mickes, L. (2019) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.170501 · Cited by 22
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Self-citationSleep‐dependent memory consolidation is related to perceived value of learned material
van Rijn, E., Lucignoli, C., Izura, C., & Blagrove, M. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12457 · Cited by 18
“Memory formation also benefits from implicit emotional salience cues that may be relevant for survival (Payne et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialOvernight sleep benefits both neutral and negative direct associative and relational memory
Huguet, M., Payne, J. D., Kim, S. Y., & Alger, S. E. (2019) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00746-8 · Cited by 17
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“The unique neurophysiological state of REM sleep allows the activation of emotional memory traces within an environment of increased associative cortical connections, thus promoting emotional memory integration [16–20].”
BackgroundREM refines and rescues memory representations: a new theory
Shuster, A. E., Morehouse, A. B., McDevitt, E. A., Chen, P., Whitehurst, L. N., Zhang, J., Sattari, N. S., Uzoigwe, T., Ekhlasi, A., Cai, D. J., et al. (2025) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf004 · Cited by 20
“…tuning functions of orientation-selective cells to trained visual targets, (3) prioritization of emotional over neutral memories, (4) forgetting of hippocampal memories, (5) reduction in emotional/autonomic reactions to negative stimuli, and (6) enhanced generalization and insight [34–40].”
The role of naps in memory and executive functioning in early childhood
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Age-related positivity effect in emotional memory consolidation from middle age to late adulthood
Niu, X., Utayde, M. F., Sanders, K. E. G., Denis, D., Kensinger, E. A., & Payne, J. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1342589 · Cited by 22
“…any other type of memory measured by the task, which includes neutral objects and the (also neutral) backgrounds paired with either type of object (Payne et al., 2008, 2012, 2015; Payne and Kensinger, 2011; Chambers et al., 2014; Bennion et al., 2017; Alger et al., 2018; Cummings et al., 2018;…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationRecall and recognition of discourse memory across sleep and wake
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Individual alpha frequency modulates sleep-related emotional memory consolidation
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Effect of emotional and neutral declarative memory consolidation on sleep architecture
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“For example, there is some disagreement about whether sleep in general preferentially benefits emotional over neutral memory consolidation (Nishida et al. 2009; Wagner et al. 2001; hu et al. 2006; Payne et al. 2008) or not (Baran et al. 2012; campanella and hamann 2011; lewis et al. 2011).”
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Self-citationSleep enhances a spatially mediated generalization of learned valuesPreprint
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“Conflicting evidence suggests that sleep might specifically alter representations of salient high-value objects (Hu et al. 2006; Payne et al. 2008; Fischer and Born 2009; Wilhelm et al. 2011; Van Dongen et al. 2012; Stamm et al. 2014) or have no specific effect on salient objects (Lewis et al.…”
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“…eye-movement (REM) sleep is thought to be important for the successful processing of emotional memories, including habituation to emotional stimuli [17], retention of emotionally salient stories and images [18,19], and reduction of next-day negative affect associated with a distressing memory [20].”
Pesonen, A., Koskinen, M.-K., Vuorenhela, N., Halonen, R., Mäkituuri, S., Selin, M., Luokkala, S., Suutari, A., & Hovatta, I. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105714 · Cited by 19
“…neutral memories (Wagner et al., 2001, Hu et al., 2006, Wagner et al., 2006, Nishida et al., 2009) and both the emotional aspects of the memories (Payne et al., 2008, Payne et al., 2012) and the value one places on them (Saletin et al., 2011, Perogamvros and Schwartz, 2012) may influence their…”
BackgroundMemory Processing in Relation to Sleep
Peigneux, P., Fogel, S. M., & Smith, C. T. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00022-2 · Cited by 17
Sleep can eliminate list-method directed forgetting.
Abel, M., & Bäuml, K.-H. T. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0030529 · Cited by 30
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How do the sleep features that characterise depression impact memory?
Harrington, M. O., Reeve, S., Bower, J. L., & Renoult, L. (2023) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20230100 · Cited by 17
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“Moreover, Figures 8, 9, and 10 present CL-robust samples characterized by dream-like abstract features [49], [56], [57], [58].”
BackgroundSleep facilitates consolidation of positive emotional memory in healthy older adults
Gui, W.-J., Wang, P., Lei, X., Lin, T., Horta, M., Liu, X., & Yu, J. (2018) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2018.1513038 · Cited by 16
“This finding is somewhat inconsistent with previous studies reporting that sleep selectively benefits negative memory in young adults (Hu et al., 2006; Jones et al., 2016; Nishida et al., 2009; Payne et al., 2008; Wagner, Gais, & Born, 2001).”
BackgroundResultCordonnier, A., & Luminet, O. (2021) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2021.1891253 · Cited by 15
“memories, background details are particularly susceptible to forgetting during the consolidation process (Payne et al., 2008).”
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Self-citationEmotional Memory Consolidation During Sleep
Cunningham, T. J., & Payne, J. D. (2017) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45066-7_9 · Cited by 15
Self-citationAcute sleep deprivation and the selective consolidation of emotional memoriesPreprint
Vargas, I., Payne, J. D., Muench, A., Kuhlman, K. R., & Lopez‐Duran, N. L. (2019) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.049312.119 · Cited by 16
“This has been shown to be especially truewhen the stimulus is a complex scene (Kensinger et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationDoes sleep help prevent forgetting rewarded memory representations in children and adults?
Prehn-Kristensen, A., Böhmig, A., Schult, J., Pedersen, A., Wiesner, C. D., & Baving, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00924 · Cited by 14
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“Likely, 506 some encoding events are tagged as “salient” or “relevant” and consequently undergo system 507 consolidation processes during post-encoding periods and sleep (Payne et al., 2008; Saletin et al., 508 2011; Stickgold and Walker, 2013).”
BackgroundEffects of sleep on the realization of complex plans
Barner, C., Altgassen, M., Jan Born, A., & Diekelmann, S. (2018) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12655 · Cited by 16
“Moreover, previous studies comparing 12-h intervals of nocturnal sleep and diurnal wakefulness have shown that sleep-dependent memory consolidation is not affected by circadian variations (Payne et al., 2008; Wagner et al., 2004).”
BackgroundTell me why: the missing w in episodic memory’s what, where, and when
Morales-Calva, F., & Leal, S. L. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01234-4 · Cited by 16
“Previous work has shown that the emotional valence and arousal of an experience can influence remembering and forgetting (McGaugh, 2004) and that our brains prioritize emotional information to consolidate after sleep (Denis et al., 2022; Payne et al., 2008).”
Affective Experience and Regulation via Sleep, Touch, and “Sleep-Touch” Among Couples
Roberts, N. A., Burleson, M. H., Pituch, K. A., Flores, M. A., Woodward, C., Shahid, S., Todd, M., & Davis, M. C. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00093-3 · Cited by 12
“Finally, touch experiences just prior to sleep onset are temporally proximate to the onset of sleep-facilitated consolidation of emotion, memory, and emotional memory (Payne et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThe Influence of Sleep on the Consolidation of Positive Emotional Memories: Preliminary Evidence
Chambers, A. M., & Payne, J. D. (2014) · AIMS neuroscience · doi:10.3934/neuroscience.2014.1.39 · Cited by 12
“Further, given that the trade-off effect for negative information appears to be driven by sleep’s selective preservation of negative objects [4], as well as previous research suggesting that the trade-off effect may not be as robust for positive information as it is for negative information…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationStepan, M. E., Dehnke, T. M., & Fenn, K. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182907 · Cited by 13
The Impact of Emotion on Musical Long-Term Memory
Nineuil, C., Dellacherie, D., & Samson, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02110 · Cited by 17
Cecchini, M. G., Baroni, E., Vito, C. D., Piccolo, F., Aceto, P., & Lai, C. (2012) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21054 · Cited by 12
Rodheim, K., Kainec, K. A., Noh, E., Jones, B. J., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2023) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.053685.122 · Cited by 14
“Sleep has been proposed to have a larger effect on emotional relative to neutral memories, and some evidence supports this claim (Payne et al. 2008, 2015; Bennion et al. 2015).”
ResultCohen, H., Ephraim‐Oluwanuga, O. T., Orunmuyi, A. T., Gureje, O., Matar, M. A., Todder, D., & Zohar, J. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12311 · Cited by 10
Neurophysiological effects of targeting sleep spindles with closed-loop auditory stimulation
Jourde, H. R., Sobral, M., Beltrame, G., & Coffey, E. B. J. (2025) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf007 · Cited by 12
“However, the majority of evidence concerning their roles are either from invasive investigations using nonhuman animals [9] or from correlational studies in humans [10, 11].”
Memory effects of sleep, emotional valence, arousal and novelty in children
Vermeulen, M. C. M., van der Heijden, K. B., Benjamins, J. S., Swaab, H., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12506 · Cited by 11
“Some studies in adults showed that (rapid eye movement) sleep primarily enhances consolidation of emotional text (Wagner et al. , 2001), pictures (Hu et al. , 2006) and objects (Payne et al. , 2008).”
Neural correlates of value‐driven spatial orienting
Liao, M., Kim, A. J., & Anderson, B. A. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14321 · Cited by 12
Sleep Supports Memory of Odors in Adults but Not in Children
Prehn‐Kristensen, A., Lotzkat, K., Bauhofer, E. C., Wiesner, C. D., & Baving, L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139069 · Cited by 13
“However, only additional control groups for an immediately recall (see also [67]) could have controlled for circadian effects on memory performance optimally.”
BackgroundEffects of sleep on positive, negative and neutral valenced story and image memory
Reid, A. M., Bloxham, A., Carr, M., van Rijn, E., Basoudan, N., Tulip, C., & Blagrove, M. (2022) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12559 · Cited by 10
Slow-wave disruption enhances the accessibility of positive memory traces
Goldschmied, J., Cheng, P., Kim, H. S., Casement, M. D., Armitage, R., & Deldin, P. J. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.006 · Cited by 11
Psychostimulants may block long-term memory formation via degraded sleep in healthy adults
Whitehurst, L. N., & Mednick, S. C. (2020) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107342 · Cited by 10
Stickgold, R. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3223 · Cited by 10
Self-citationOvernight retention of emotional memories is influenced by BDNF Val66Met but not 5-HTTLPR
Harrington, M. O., Klaus, K., Vaht, M., Harro, J., Pennington, K., & Durrant, S. J. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.015 · Cited by 10
The future of lucid dreaming treatment
Gavie, J., & Revonsuo, A. (2010) · International journal of dream research · doi:10.11588/ijodr.2010.1.591 · Cited by 10
Effects of wakeful rest on memory consolidation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Weng, L., Yu, J., Lv, Z., Yang, S., Jülich, S. T., & Lei, X. (2025) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-025-02665-x · Cited by 13
“…of the available evidence supports that sleep after learning, compared with staying awake while engaging in atten- tion-or cognition-demanding activities, leads to superior memory performance (Fischer et al., 2002; Nishida et al., 2009; Payne et al., 2008; Tucker et al., 2006; Walker et al., 2003).”
Li, P., Zhu, J. F., Zhang, H., Ma, G., Li, X., Ding, Y., Hou, X., & Li, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1590556 · Cited by 11
“However, there are still many unanswered questions about the specific sleep stage (NREM or REM) in which forgetting occurs and its neural mechanisms (Payne et al., 2008).”
Emotionally expressed voices are retained in memory following a single exposure
Kim, Y., Sidtis, J. J., & Sidtis, D. V. L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223948 · Cited by 9
“[35] focused on the effect of sleep on emotional memory trade-off, suggesting that sleep promotes memory for emotional scenes at the expense of neutral backgrounds.”
BackgroundEstradiol during (analogue-)trauma: Risk- or protective factor for intrusive re-experiencing?
Franke, L. K., Miedl, S. F., Danböck, S. K., Lohse, J., Liedlgruber, M., Bürkner, P., Pletzer, B. A., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105819 · Cited by 11
A visual paired associate learning ( vPAL ) paradigm to study memory consolidation during sleep
Schmidig, F. J., Geva‐Sagiv, M., Falach, R., Yakim, S., Gat, Y., Sharon, O., Fried, I., & Nir, Y. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14151 · Cited by 9
Dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus (SubCD) involvement in context-associated fear memory consolidation
Siwek, D. F., Knapp, C. M., Kaur, G., & Datta, S. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3858-4 · Cited by 9
“human studies have used negative emotional stimuli as well as conditioned fear to demonstrate that the absence of post-training REM sleep impairs consolidation of emotional memories (Wagner et al. 2001; hu et al. 2006; Payne et al. 2008; Groch et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSanders, K. E. G., & Beeman, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2021.1912050 · Cited by 12
“…with research that suggests sleep may enhance differential memory strengthening, particularly if it is directed to be forgotten (Saletin et al., 2011; Simon et al., 2018) or of a lower value or salience than other information (Cunningham & Payne, 2017; Oudiette et al., 2013; Payne et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSleep increases explicit solutions and reduces intuitive judgments of semantic coherencePreprint
Zander-Schellenberg, T., Volz, K. G., Jan Born, A., & Diekelmann, S. (2017) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.044511.116 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, a number of previous studies on sleep and memory, including one study on sleep and semantic processing, did not observe any circadian differences when directly controlling for such effects by introducing circadian control groups (e.g., Payne et al. 2008; Sio et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSleep Promotes Generalization of Extinction of Conditioned Fear
(2009) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep/32.1.19 · Cited by 196
Self-citationIndependent effects of emotional arousal and reward anticipation on episodic memory formation
Gieske, A., & Sommer, T. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac359 · Cited by 8
Lacaux, C., Andrillon, T., Arnulf, I., & Oudiette, D. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgac042 · Cited by 7
“A few studies indicate that sleep actively contributes to forgetting by preferentially consolidating some information and pruning out others (Payne et al. 2008).”
BackgroundDenis, D., & Payne, J. D. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0285-23.2024 · Cited by 8
“…trade-off effect, where negative aspects of scenes are preferentially remembered at the expense of accompanying neutral components, with no such effect being shown for completely neutral scenes (Kensinger et al., 2007; Payne et al., 2008; Waring et al., 2010; Sopp et al., 2018; Denis et al., 2022).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHow Sleep Shapes Emotion Regulation
Goldschmied, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30628-1_6 · Cited by 8
Neurocognitive dynamics of spontaneous offline simulations: Re-conceptualizing (dream)bizarreness
Kirberg, M. (2022) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2022.2042231 · Cited by 11
“This selection process is still poorly understood, but recent research suggest that factors include emotion (Malinowski & Horton, 2015; Payne et al., 2008), the current environment (external and internal stimuli), and personal concerns (Mildner & Tamir, 2019) as well as the relevance for the future (Van Dongen et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Effects of Recent Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Current Sleepiness on Eyewitness Memory
Thorley, C. (2013) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2938 · Cited by 8
Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Prejudice Formation
Enge, L. R., Lupo, A. K., & Zárate, M. A. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615572903 · Cited by 8
The age differences of sleep disruption on mood states and memory performance
Liu, X., Peng, X.-R., Peng, P., Li, L., Lei, X., & Yu, J. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1603286 · Cited by 8
Haeffel, G. J. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000119 · Cited by 9
“Based on prior research examining the effect of sleep restriction on psychological and cognitive outcomes (e.g., Payne et al., 2008; van Heugten–van der Kloet, Giesbrecht, & Merckelbach, 2015), we expected a large effect size for the main effect of sleep condition.”
Schümann, D., & Sommer, T. (2018) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.047282.117 · Cited by 9
“…pictures both immediately and after 24 hours, where this advantage increased after the consolidation delay, replicating previous findings, including from our previous large-scale behavioral study (Sharot et al. 2007; Sharot and Yonelinas 2008; Payne et al. 2008; Schümann et al. under review).”
ResultNiu, X., Utayde, M. F., Sanders, K. E. G., Cunningham, T. J., Zhang, G., Kensinger, E. A., & Payne, J. D. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01209-5 · Cited by 8
“…limited to healthy, young adults and primarily college students (Ashton et al., 2019; Bolinger et al., 2019; Cox et al., 2018; Cunningham et al., 2014; Morgenthaler et al., 2014; Payne, Ellenbogen et al., 2008a, Payne, Stickgold et al., 2008b, 2012; Payne & Kensinger, 2011; Wiesner et al., 2015).”
InfluentialSelf-citationBennion, K. A., Steinmetz, K. R. M., Kensinger, E. A., & Payne, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/51500 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Payne, J. D., Stickgold, R., Swanberg, K., & Kensinger, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Payne, Jessica D.
- Kensinger, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 781-788
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- PMC
- PMC5846336
- OpenAlex
- W2163520994
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 12.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH048832)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sleep-dependent memory consolidation, emotional memory, scene memory, memory decay, forgetting, time delay effects
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Attention, Circadian Rhythm, Emotions, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Retention, Psychology, Sleep, Wakefulness
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