LATE CHILDHOOD CHANGES IN BRAIN MORPHOLOGY OBSERVABLE WITH MRI
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SUMMARY: Quantitative studies of brain morphology in groups of normal children aged eight to 10 years and of young adults aged 25 to 39 years revealed continuing maturation of the brain over this age‐range. There was some evidence of slightly increasing brain volume, but the most striking changes occurred in the gray matter to white matter ratio, and especially in the cortical mantle, which becomes substantially thinner on MRI between the age of eight and adulthood. An increase in the volume of the cerebral ventricles occurred in close association with the decrease in cortical gray matter. Analyses of the morphology of the cerebellar vermis suggest that significant increases occur in the neocerebellar vermal area over this age‐range, and that the ratio of neocerebellar to paleocerebellar vermal areas may also increase. RÉSUMÉ: Modifications tardives de l'enfance dans la morphologie cérébrale observée par IRM Des études quantitatives de morphologie cérébrale dans des groupes d'enfants normaux âgés de huit à dix ans et de jeunes âgés de 25 à 39 ans ont montré une maturation continue du cerveau durant l'intervalle d'âge. Il y avait quelques indications d'une légère augmentation du volume cérébral mais la modification la plus frappante se situait dans le rapport entre substance grise et substance blanche, spécialement au niveau du cortex qui devient substantiellement plus fin à l'IRM entre huit ans et l'âge adulte. Un accroissement du volume des ventricules cérébraux apparaissait en étroite association avec la diminution de la matière grise corticale. Les analyses de la morphologie du vermis cérébelleux suggèrent un accroissement significatif de l'aire néo‐cérébelleuse du vermis durant la période considérée, et que le rapport des aires vermiennes néo‐cérébelleuses sur les aires vermiennes paléo‐cérébelleuses peut aussi s'accroitre. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Im MRI darstellbare Veränderungen der Hirnmorphologie im spáten Kindesalter Quantitative Studien der Hirnmorphologie bei normalen Kindern im Alter zwischen acht und 10 Jahren und jungen Erwachsenen zwischen 25 und 39 Jahren zeigten eine kontinuierliche Hirnreifung in diesem Altersbereich. Es gab Hinweise für eine leichte Zunahme des Hirnvolumens, die auffälligsten. Veränderungen jedoch zeigten sich im Verhältnis von grauer zu weißer Substanz und besonders im Hirnrindenbereich, der im MRI von acht Jahren bis zum Erwachsenenalter deutlich dünner wird. Eine Volumenzunahme der Hirnventrikel stand in enger Relation zur Abnahme der grauen Hirnsubstanz. Analysen der Morphologie des Vermix cerebellaris deuten auf eine signifikante Zunahme im neocerebellären Bereich in diesem Alter hin, und auf eine Zunahme des Verhältnisses von neocerebellärem zu paleocerebellärem Vermixbereich. RESUMEN: Cambios en la morfología cerebral al final de la infancia, observables con la IRM Estudios cuantitativos de la morfología cerebral en grupos de niños normales de ocho a 10 años y de jóvenes adultos de 25 a 39 años, revelaron una maduración contínua del cerebro a lo largo de estos márgenes de edad. Habia evidencia de un aumento ligero del volumen cerebral, pero los cambios más sobresalientes tuvieron lugar en la substancia gris en relación con la substancia blanca y en especial en el manto corticol el cual se torna substancialmente más delgado a la IRM entre los ocho años y la edad adulta. Un aumento en el volument de los ventriculos cerebrales tuvo lugar en estrecha relación con la disminución de la corteza gris. El análisis de la morfología del vermis cerebeloso sugiere que aumentos significativos tienen lugar en el área vermiana neocerebelosa a lo largo de las edades estudiadas y que la relación entre las áreas vermianas neocerebelosas y paleocerebelosas puedan también aumentar.
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Prior imaging studies show regional nonlinear changes in gray matter density during childhood and adolescence with prepubertal increase followed by postpubertal loss.
“Prior imaging studies show regional nonlinear changes in gray matter (GM) density during childhood and adolescence with prepubertal increase followed by postpubertal loss (11–14).”
From Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood (2004) · cites this paper as [14]
The Results and Discussion report a lower cortical gray-matter proportion in adults than in children aged 8–10, with no observable change in subcortical gray matter. But the paper has no subjects aged 10–25 and says the timing of the change is unclear; it does not establish a prepubertal increase, a postpubertal loss, or a nonlinear trajectory. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Jernigan, T. L., & Tallal, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jernigan, Terry L.
- ORCID
- Jernigan, Terry L.
- Venue
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-05
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 379-385
- ISSN
- 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8749
- OpenAlex
- W1991891815
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS22343)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- brain maturation, brain structure, late childhood, cortical thinning, brain ventricles, cerebellar vermis, brain volume, brain MRI, children and young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Damage, Chronic, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Ventricles, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reference Values
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