CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 226Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeTreatment of Major Depression

Economic costs of minor depression: a population-based study

Open access
Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Oostenbrink, J., De Graaf, R., Ten Have, M., Beekman, A.·2007·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00851.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Objective: Although the clinical relevance of minor depression has been demonstrated in many studies, the economic costs are not well explored. In this study, we examine the economic costs of minor depression. Method: In a large‐scale, population‐based study in the Netherlands (n = 5504) the costs of minor depression were compared with the costs of major depression and dysthymia. Excess costs, i.e. the costs of a disorder over and above the costs attributable to other illnesses, were estimated with help of regression analysis. The direct medical costs, the direct non‐medical costs and the indirect non‐medical costs were calculated. The year 2003 was used as the reference year. Results: The annual per capita excess costs of minor depression were US$ 2141 (95% CI = 753–3529) higher than the base rate costs of US$ 1023, while the costs of major depression were US$ 3313 (95% CI = 1234–5390) higher than the base rate. The costs of minor depression per 1 million inhabitants were 160 million dollars per year, which is somewhat less than the costs of major depression (192 million dollars per year). Conclusion: The economic costs associated with minor depression are considerable and approach those of major depression.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00851.x

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The economic costs associated with mild to moderate depression are thought to approach those of major depression.

    “The economic costs associated with mild to moderate depression are thought to approach those of major depression [9]”

    From Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Digital Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in Working Adults: Multiarm Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]

    The Discussion (p. 7) says the population-level costs of minor depression approach those of major depression. The claim broadens this to “mild to moderate depression,” which the paper does not establish; the Discussion also notes that per-person costs were substantially lower for minor depression. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The estimated point prevalence of depression among both women and men was highest in North America (4·4 and 2·5% respectively) and lowest in the Western Pacific (2·3 and 1·3%); it was intermediate in other world regions both for women (2·8-3·6%) and men (1·9-2·0%).

    “The estimated point prevalence among both women and men was highest in North America (4·4 and 2·5% respectively) and lowest in the Western Pacific (2·3 and 1·3%); it was intermediate in other world regions both for women (2·8-3·6%) and men (1·9-2·0%).”

    From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [140]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 38 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [5]5. ment and response to treatment. J Affect Disord 1998; 48 :227-232.
  2. [17]17. Friemel S , Bernert S , Angermeyer MC et al. The direct costs of depressive disorders in Germany. Psychiatr Prax 2005; 32 :113-121.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Oostenbrink, J., De Graaf, R., Ten Have, M., & Beekman, A.
Affiliations
  • Trimbos Institute (NL)
  • Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
Corresponding author
Cuijpers, P.
ORCID
Venue
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-02-12
Volume
115
Issue
3
Pages
229-236
ISSN
  • 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-0447
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00851.x
OpenAlex
W2160468985
Cited by
226
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI
15.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
minor depression, economic costs, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, excess costs, direct medical costs, indirect costs, non-medical costs, cost comparison
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Netherlands, Population Surveillance, Health Care Costs, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review