Cited by 177Birth, Development, and HealthStress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in developmental programming of health and disease

Open access
Xiong, Fuxia, Zhang, Lubo·2013·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

Abstract

Adverse environments during the fetal and neonatal development period may permanently program physiology and metabolism, and lead to increased risk of diseases in later life. Programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the key mechanisms that contribute to altered metabolism and response to stress. Programming of the HPA axis often involves epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter, which influences tissue-specific GR expression patterns and response to stimuli. This review summarizes the current state of research on the HPA axis and programming of health and disease in the adult, focusing on the epigenetic regulation of GR gene expression patterns in response to fetal and neonatal stress. Aberrant GR gene expression patterns in the developing brain may have a significant negative impact on protection of the immature brain against hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the critical period of development during and immediately after birth.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.11.002

Cites

331 of 331 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Stress-induced neuroendocrine dysregulation of the maternal HPA-axis reflected by increased maternal cortisol levels is a potential mechanism underlying associations between depressive disorders and adverse outcomes, affecting the functioning of the neonatal HPA-axis.

    “A potential mechanism underlying these associations is stress-induced neuroendocrine dysregulation of the maternal Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA)-axis reflected by increased maternal cortisol levels that, in turn, affects the functioning of the neonatal HPA-axis [11].”

    From Effectiveness of a guided ACT-based self-help resilience training for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial embedded in a prospective cohort. (2020) · cites this paper as [11]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Xiong, F., & Zhang, L.
Affiliations
Loma Linda University Medical Center (US)
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-01
Volume
34
Issue
1
Pages
27-46
ISSN
0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2079889983
Cited by
177
References
330
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7
FWCI
1.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL057787, HL-082779, HL083966, R01HL082779, HL-089012, HL067745, HL-110125, R01HL089012, R01HL067745, R01HL083966, R01HL110125, R01HL118861)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-031226, P01HD031226)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, developmental programming, fetal programming, neonatal stress, glucocorticoid receptor, epigenetic regulation, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, brain development, stress response, metabolism
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Stress, Physiological, Epigenesis, Genetic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review