The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The von Economo neurons in the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex
Open accessAbstract
The von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar neurons located in the frontoinsular cortex (FI) and limbic anterior (LA) area in great apes and humans but not in other primates. Our stereological counts of VENs in FI and LA show them to be more numerous in humans than in apes. In humans, small numbers of VENs appear the 36th week postconception, with numbers increasing during the first 8 months after birth. There are significantly more VENs in the right hemisphere in postnatal brains; this may be related to asymmetries in the autonomic nervous system. VENs are also present in elephants and whales and may be a specialization related to very large brain size. The large size and simple dendritic structure of these projection neurons suggest that they rapidly send basic information from FI and LA to other parts of the brain, while slower neighboring pyramids send more detailed information. Selective destruction of VENs in early stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) implies that they are involved in empathy, social awareness, and self‐control, consistent with evidence from functional imaging.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Human VENs express proteins linked to schizophrenia (notably DISC-1) and VEN density (in the anterior cingulate) has been linked to illness duration and completed suicide in psychotic patients [84].”
From Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self (2013) · cites this paper as [84]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain
Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093535 · Cited by 3,929
The neural basis of economic decision-making in the Ultimatum Game.
Sanfey, A. G., Rilling, J. K., Aronson, J. A., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1082976 · Cited by 3,375
Sridharan, D., Levitin, D. J., & Menon, V. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0800005105 · Cited by 2,892
A neural system for error detection and compensation
Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x · Cited by 2,862
Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans
Dosenbach, N. U. F., Fair, D. A., Miezin, F. M., Cohen, A. L., Wenger, K. K., Dosenbach, R. A. T., Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., Raichle, M. E., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704320104 · Cited by 2,632
Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.014 · Cited by 2,016
The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.003 · Cited by 1,497
Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study
Baron‐Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Wheelwright, S., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. C. R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00621.x · Cited by 1,320
Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation
Oppenheimer, S. M., Gelb, A., Girvin, J. P., & Hachinski, V. C. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.9.1727 · Cited by 1,272
Localization of a Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation
Dehaene, S., Posner, M. I., & Tucker, D. M. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00630.x · Cited by 1,255
Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen
Economo, C. V., & Koskinas, G. N. (1925) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 1,234
Social Intelligence in the Normal and Autistic Brain: An fMRI Study
Baron‐Cohen, S., RING, H. A., Wheelwright, S. J., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0028 · Cited by 1,044
A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion
Craig, A. D. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00123-1 · Cited by 1,024
Allman, J. M., Hakeem, A. Y., Erwin, J. M., Nimchinsky, E. A., & Hof, P. R. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03476.x · Cited by 922
Self-citationAgenesis of the corpus callosum: Genetic, developmental and functional aspects of connectivity
Paul, L. K., Brown, W. S., Adolphs, R., Tyszka, J. M., Richards, L. J., Mukherjee, P., & Sherr, E. H. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2107 · Cited by 830
Critchley, H. D., Elliott, R., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-08-03033.2000 · Cited by 813
Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk
Preuschoff, K., Quartz, S. R., & Bossaerts, P. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4286-07.2008 · Cited by 784
Comparative Vertebrate Lateralization
Rogers, L. J., & Andrew, R. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511546372 · Cited by 703
Neural activity in the human brain relating to uncertainty and arousal during anticipation.
Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00225-2 · Cited by 681
Forebrain emotional asymmetry: a neuroanatomical basis?
Craig, A. D. (. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.005 · Cited by 626
Craig, A. D. (. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0248-y · Cited by 600
Martino, A. D., Ross, K. V., Uddin, L. Q., Sklar, A. B., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.022 · Cited by 597
The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions
Lamm, C., & Singer, T. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0251-3 · Cited by 566
An fMRI study of intentional and unintentional (embarrassing) violations of social norms
Berthoz, S. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf190 · Cited by 518
Behavioural and functional anatomical correlates of deception in humans
Spence, S. A., Farrow, T. F. D., Herford, A. E., Wilkinson, I. D., Zheng, Y., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200109170-00019 · Cited by 508
A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes
Nimchinsky, E. A., Gilissen, E., Allman, J. M., Perl, D. P., Erwin, J. M., & Hof, P. R. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5268 · Cited by 494
Self-citationIntuition and autism: a possible role for Von Economo neurons
Allman, J. M., Watson, K. K., Tetreault, N. A., & Hakeem, A. Y. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.06.008 · Cited by 484
Self-citationStructural Asymmetries in the Human Brain: a Voxel-based Statistical Analysis of 142 MRI Scans
Watkins, K. E. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.9.868 · Cited by 471
Role of the anterior insula in task-level control and focal attention
Nelson, S. M., Dosenbach, N. U. F., Cohen, A. L., Wheeler, M. E., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0260-2 · Cited by 435
Origins of the Left & Right Brain
MacNeilage, P. F., Rogers, L. J., & Vallortígara, G. (2009) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0709-60 · Cited by 433
Brain Responses to the Acquired Moral Status of Faces
Singer, T., Kiebel, S. J., Winston, J. S., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00014-5 · Cited by 410
Neural correlates of error awareness
Klein, T. A., Endraß, T., Kathmann, N., Neumann, J., von Cramon, D. Y., & Ullsperger, M. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.014 · Cited by 387
Early frontotemporal dementia targets neurons unique to apes and humans
Seeley, W. W., Carlin, D. A., Allman, J. M., Macedo, M. N., Bush, C., Miller, B. L., & DeArmond, S. J. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21055 · Cited by 364
Self-citationJabbi, M., Bastiaansen, J., & Keysers, C. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002939 · Cited by 362
A potential role for thalamocingulate circuitry in human maternal behavior
Lorberbaum, J. P., Newman, J. D., Horwitz, A. R., Dubno, J. R., Lydiard, R. B., Hamner, M. B., Bohning, D. E., & George, M. S. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01284-7 · Cited by 359
The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans
Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Manaye, K. F., Semendeferi, K., Erwin, J. M., Park, S., Goubert, V., & Hof, P. R. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0254-0 · Cited by 354
Self-citationHoudé, O., Rossi, S., Lubin, A., & Joliot, M. (2010) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00938.x · Cited by 306
Functional Trade-Offs in White Matter Axonal Scaling
Wang, S. S. ‐., Shultz, J. R., Burish, M. J., Harrison, K. H., Hof, P. R., Towns, L. C., WAGERS, M. W., & Wyatt, K. D. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5559-05.2008 · Cited by 304
Self-citationPloran, E. J., Nelson, S. M., Velanova, K., Donaldson, D. I., Petersen, S. E., & Wheeler, M. E. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3522-07.2007 · Cited by 282
Here I am: the cortical correlates of visual self-recognition
Devue, C., Collette, F., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., Maquet, P., & Brédart, S. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.055 · Cited by 258
Hof, P. R., & Van Der Gucht, E. (2007) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.20407 · Cited by 257
Self-citationActivation of anterior paralimbic structures during guilt-related script-driven imagery
Shin, L. M., Dougherty, D. D., Orr, S. P., Pitman, R. K., Lasko, M., Macklin, M. L., Alpert, N. M., Fischman, A. J., & Rauch, S. L. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00251-1 · Cited by 252
Shaw, P., Lalonde, F., Lepage, C., Rabin, C., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Greenstein, D., Evans, A., Giedd, J. N., & Rapoport, J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.103 · Cited by 249
Functional organization of the human anterior insular cortex
Mutschler, I., Wieckhorst, B., Kowalevski, S., Derix, J., Wentlandt, J., Schulze‐Bonhage, A., & Ball, T. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.101 · Cited by 238
Selective functional, regional, and neuronal vulnerability in frontotemporal dementia
Seeley, W. W. (2008) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3283168e2d · Cited by 235
Neuroimaging of Performance Monitoring: Error Detection and Beyond
Ullsperger, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2004) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70155-2 · Cited by 229
Spindle neurons of the human anterior cingul. Ate cortex
Nimchinsky, E. A., Vogt, B. A., Morrison, J. H., & Hof, P. R. (1995) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903550106 · Cited by 220
Self-citationEvolutionary Origins for Social Vocalization in a Vertebrate Hindbrain–Spinal Compartment
Bass, A. H., Gilland, E., & Baker, R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1157632 · Cited by 209
“Aha!”: The neural correlates of verbal insight solutions
Aziz‐Zadeh, L., Kaplan, J., & Iacoboni, M. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20554 · Cited by 199
Brain activity during biofeedback relaxation: A functional neuroimaging investigation
Critchley, H. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.5.1003 · Cited by 199
Origins of the left and right brain
MacNeilage, P. F., Rogers, L. J., & Vallortígara, G. (2009) · EPubDev Repository · Cited by 193
Neural activity in the human brain relating to uncertainty and arousal during anticipation
Critchley, H., Mathiast, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91735-5 · Cited by 191
Simms, M. L., Kemper, T. L., Timbie, C. M., Bauman, M. L., & Blatt, G. J. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0568-2 · Cited by 183
Book Review: Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
Allman, J., Hakeem, A., & Watson, K. (2002) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385840200800409 · Cited by 178
Self-citationThe neural correlates of the affective response to unreciprocated cooperation
Rilling, J. K., Goldsmith, D. R., Glenn, A. L., Jairam, M. R., Elfenbein, H. A., Dagenais, J. E., Murdock, C. D., & Pagnoni, G. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.033 · Cited by 175
Von Economo Neurons in the Elephant Brain
Hakeem, A. Y., Sherwood, C. C., Bonar, C. J., Butti, C., Hof, P. R., & Allman, J. M. (2008) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.20829 · Cited by 173
Self-citationHandbook of Epilepsy Treatment
Shorvon, S. D. (2011) · Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/pnp.183 · Cited by 172
Seeley, W. W., Allman, J. M., Carlin, D. A., Crawford, R. K., Macedo, M. N., Greicius, M. D., DeArmond, S. J., & Miller, B. L. (2007) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e31815c0f14 · Cited by 165
Self-citationvon Economo neurons in autism: A stereologic study of the frontoinsular cortex in children
Santos, M., Uppal, N., Butti, C., Wicinski, B., Schmeidler, J., Giannakopoulos, P., Heinsen, H., Schmitz, C., & Hof, P. R. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.067 · Cited by 164
Self-citationNeural Correlates for Feeling-of-Knowing
Kikyo, H., Ohki, K., & Miyashita, Y. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00939-x · Cited by 161
Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans
Butti, C., Sherwood, C. C., Hakeem, A. Y., Allman, J. M., & Hof, P. R. (2009) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22055 · Cited by 148
Self-citationBrain activation during sight gags and language-dependent humor.
Watson, K., Matthews, B., & Allman, J. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj149 · Cited by 143
Self-citationDendritic architecture of the von Economo neurons
Watson, K. K., Jones, T., & Allman, J. M. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.084 · Cited by 141
Self-citationBrain asymmetry in the control of autonomic-physiologic activity.
Wittling, W. (1995) · Cited by 141
Distinctive Neurons of the Anterior Cingulate and Frontoinsular Cortex: A Historical Perspective
Seeley, W. W., Merkle, F. T., Gaus, S. E., Craig, A. D., Allman, J. M., Hof, P. R., & von Economo, C. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr005 · Cited by 126
Self-citationEine neue art spezialzellen des lobus cinguli und lobus insulae
von Economo, C. (1926) · Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/bf02970950 · Cited by 115
Alexithymia Correlates With the Size of the Right Anterior Cingulate
Gündel, H., Sala, A. L., Ceballos-Baumann, A., Deus, J., Cardoner, N., Marten-Mittag, B., Soriano‐Mas, C., & Pujol, J. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000097348.45087.96 · Cited by 112
Von Economo neuron density in the anterior cingulate cortex is reduced in early onset schizophrenia
Brüne, M., Schöbel, A., Karau, R., Benali, A., Faustmann, P. M., Juckel, G., & Petrasch‐Parwez, E. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0673-2 · Cited by 97
Cellular Structure of the Human Cerebral Cortex
Economo, C. V., & Triarhou, L. C. (2009) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02778.x · Cited by 92
Left-Right Asymmetry in Volume and Number of Neurons in Adult Broca's Area
Uylings, H. B. M., Jacobsen, A. M., Zilles, K., & Amunts, K. (2006) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70401-5 · Cited by 88
Correlation between insula activation and self-reported quality of orgasm in women
Ortigue, S., Grafton, S. T., & Bianchi‐Demicheli, F. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.026 · Cited by 81
Handbook of Epilepsy Treatment
(2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470753286 · Cited by 77
Selective reduction of Von Economo neuron number in agenesis of the corpus callosum
Kaufman, J. A., Paul, L. K., Manaye, K. F., Granstedt, A. E., Hof, P. R., Hakeem, A. Y., & Allman, J. M. (2008) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-008-0434-7 · Cited by 69
Self-citationBiochemical specificity of von economo neurons in hominoids
Stimpson, C. D., Tetreault, N. A., Allman, J. M., Jacobs, B., Butti, C., Hof, P. R., & Sherwood, C. C. (2010) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21135 · Cited by 69
Self-citationNo reduction of spindle neuron number in frontoinsular cortex in autism
Kennedy, D. P., Semendeferi, K., & Courchesne, E. (2007) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.01.007 · Cited by 55
Self-citationSherwood, C. C., Wahl, E. A., ERWIN, J. M., Hof, P. R., & Hopkins, W. D. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21399 · Cited by 43
Self-citationTwenty-Seven Years of Project Koko and Michael
Patterson, F. G. P., & Gordon, W. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47461-1_15 · Cited by 27
Cellular structure of the human cerebral cortex
Jones, E. G. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp268 · Cited by 24
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Seeley W., 2011, Distinctive neurons in anterior cingulated and frontoinsular cortex: a historical perspective, Cereb. Cortex
- Betz W., 1881, Ueber die feinere Structur der Gehirnrinde des Menschen, Zentralbl. Med. Wiss., 19, 193
- Ramón y Cajal S., 1899, Textura del Sistema Nervioso del Hombre y de los Vertebrados, Tomo II
- Williamson P.C., 2010, The Human Illnesses: Neuropsyciatric Disorders and the Nature of the Human Brain
- van Kooten .2008.Autism counts. Dissertation Maastricht University.
- Wittling W., 1995, Brain Asymmetry, 305
- Rose M., 1928, Die Inselrinde des Menschen und der Tiere, J. Psychol. Neurol., 37, 467
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction
Uddin, L. Q. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3857 · Cited by 2,083
Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self
Seth, A. K. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.007 · Cited by 1,816
Bernhardt, B. C., & Singer, T. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150536 · Cited by 952
Phillips, K. A., Bales, K. L., Capitanio, J. P., Conley, A. J., Czoty, P. W., Hart, B. A. ‘., Hopkins, W. D., Hu, S., Miller, L. A., Nader, M. A., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22281 · Cited by 649
Nieuwenhuys, R. (2012) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53860-4.00007-6 · Cited by 580
Metadata
- Authors
- Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Manaye, K. F., Semendeferi, K., Erwin, J. M., Park, S., Goubert, V., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Allman, John M.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 1225
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-71
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC3140770
- OpenAlex
- W2164876229
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R44AG014308)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH089406)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- von Economo neurons, frontoinsular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, human evolution, great apes, postnatal development, hemispheric lateralization, autonomic nervous system, brain size, elephants, whales, frontotemporal dementia, empathy, social awareness, self-control
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Count, Biological Evolution, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Models, Biological, Neurons, Primates, Growth and Development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
