The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 64 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness‐Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain
Open accessAbstract
Though valuation processes are fundamental to survival of the human species, hedonic dysregulation is at the root of an array of maladies, including addiction, stress, and chronic pain, as evidenced by the allostatic shift in the relative salience of natural reward to drug reward observed among persons with severe substance use disorders. To address this crucial problem, novel interventions are needed to restore hedonic regulatory processes gone awry in persons exhibiting addictive behaviors. This article describes a theoretical rationale and empirical evidence for the effects of one such new intervention, Mindfulness‐Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), on top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms implicated in cognitive control and hedonic regulation. MORE is innovative and distinct from extant mindfulness‐based interventions in that it unites traditional mindfulness meditation with reappraisal and savoring strategies designed to reverse the downward shift in salience of natural reward relative to drug reward, representing a crucial tipping point to disrupt the progression of addiction—a mechanistic target that no other behavioral intervention has been designed to address. Though additional studies are needed, clinical and biobehavioral data from several completed and ongoing trials suggest that MORE may exert salutary effects on addictive behaviors and the neurobiological processes that underpin them.
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42 Not checked yet · 16 Own interpretation · 3 Own result · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“In this way, the mindfulness-to-meaning theory proposes that mindfulness provides a means of restructuring reward learning.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [30] Garland EL Farb NAR Goldin P Fredrickson BL Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning: A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation Psychol Inq 2015 26 4 293 314 27087765 PMC4826727 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal” (page unavailable), the paper proposes that mindful attention may facilitate extinction learning of habitual responses. “Positive Reappraisal Begets Savoring of Pleasant Life Experience” (page unavailable) says mindful attention may increase the perceived value of natural rewards. These passages support changes in learned responses and reward experience, but do not specifically propose restructuring reward learning as a mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a third pragmatic RCT (n = 180), participants with co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders were randomly assigned to participate in MORE (n = 64), CBT (n = 64), or treatment-as-usual in a therapeutic community (n = 52). MORE outperformed the CBT intervention with regard to reductions in drug craving, posttraumatic stress, and negative affect, and produced”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
plaindirectn = 64- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the first trial, MORE was tested as a treatment for alcohol-dependent adults (n = 53) in long-term residential treatment. The results indicated that, compared to a support-group control condition (n = 26), MORE (n = 27) was associated with greater reductions in perceived stress and thought suppression, as well as enhanced recovery of parasympathetically mediated heart rate variability (HRV)”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Garland EL Gaylord SA Boettiger CA Howard MO Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial J Psychoactive Drugs 2010 42 2 177 192 20648913 PMC2921532 source
hedgedcorrelationaln = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MORE outperformed the CBT intervention with regard to reductions in drug craving, posttraumatic stress, and negative affect, and produced”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
plaindirectn = 64- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MORE outperformed the CBT intervention with regard to reductions in drug craving, posttraumatic stress, and negative affect, and produced”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
plaindirectn = 64- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus far, MORE has been tested in three completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs).”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“as well as enhanced recovery of parasympathetically mediated heart rate variability (HRV) from stress and alcohol cue exposure at post-treatment.39”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Garland EL Gaylord SA Boettiger CA Howard MO Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial J Psychoactive Drugs 2010 42 2 177 192 20648913 PMC2921532 source
plaincorrelationaln = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“and were more likely to no longer meet criteria for opioid use disorder at post-treatment.40”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Garland EL Manusov EG Froeliger B Kelly A Williams JM Howard MO Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse: Results from an early-stage randomized controlled trial J Consult Clin Psychol 2014 82 3 448 24491075 PMC4076008 source
plaindirectn = 57- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“If neural reward circuits provide a basic logic for goal selection,26 sustained training in selective attention to natural rewards over drug rewards may provide the learning signal needed to reverse addiction and restore default reward-processing parameters back toward valuation of intrinsically proregulatory objects and behaviors.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Shizgal P Hyman SE Motivational and addictive states Principles of Neural Science 5 New York McGraw Hill
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This restructuring of reward processing may arise from restoration of the feedback loop between frontoparietal structures essential to metacognition and attention and limbic–striatal circuitry crucial to learning and motivation (Fig. 3).28”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Garland E Froeliger B Howard M Mindfulness training targets neurocognitive mechanisms of addiction at the attention-appraisal-emotion interface Name Front Psychiatry 2013 4 173 PMC3887509 24454293 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Impairments in frontal-executive function prevent effective inhibitory control of overlearned, highly stereotyped, cognitive and behavioral repertoires for drug seeking and consumption, also known as automatic drug use action schemas, 15,16”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Pierce RC Vanderschuren L Kicking the habit: The neural basis of ingrained behaviors in cocaine addiction Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010 35 212 219 20097224 PMC2903634 source
- Not checked yetcites [16] Tiffany ST A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: role of automatic and nonautomatic processes Psychol Rev 1990 97 147 168 2186423 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insofar as addiction involves dysfunction in controlled and automatic processes implicated in self-regulation and hedonic experience, it may be tractable to mental training programs that simultaneously target top-down and bottom-up mechanisms in the risk chain linking stress to addiction (Fig. 1).”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the processing of natural rewards may be usurped by psychoactive substances that capitalize on the mesolimbic dopamine system to drive addictive behavior.11”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Volkow ND Fowler JS Wang G-J The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: brain circuits and treatment strategies Neuropharmacology 2004 47 3 13 15464121 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“such that individuals with substance use disorders may become increasingly insensitive to natural reward from healthful and socially affiliative stimuli, while becoming increasingly sensitized to stress and dependent on drugs to preserve a dwindling sense of well-being.14”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Koob GF Le Moal M Addiction and the brain antireward system Annu Rev Psychol 2008 59 29 53 18154498 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies suggest that mindfulness techniques may reduce evaluative processing in the brain.1–3”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Farb NA Segal ZV Mayberg H Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2007 2 4 313 322 18985137 PMC2566754 source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Taylor V Grant J Daneault V Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators NeuroImage 2011 21679770 source
- Not checked yetcites [3] Vago DR Silbersweig DA Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness Front Hum Neurosci 2012 6 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480633/ Accessed September 7, 2015 23112770 PMC3480633 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In contrast, MORE directly aims to restructure drug cue reactivity by enhancing natural reward responsiveness, using mindfulness to facilitate top-down, intentional governance of first- and second-order valuation processes.29”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] Gross JJ Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects Psychol Inq 2015 26 1 1 26 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MORE unites complementary aspects of mindfulness training, third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and principles from positive psychology into an integrative, dual-process intervention designed to target this multivariate risk chain.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“preclinical and clinical studies suggest that these two opposing phenomena operate via an overlapping set of neural systems and neurochemical processes5 that instantiate a “common currency” of emotion in the brain.6”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Leknes S Tracey I A common neurobiology for pain and pleasure Nat Rev Neurosci 2008 9 4 314 320 18354400 source
- Not checked yetcites [6] Cabanac M The dialectics of pleasure Pleas Brain 2010 113 124
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For addiction, which is primarily a disorder of salience dysregulation and learning processes gone awry, restructuring reward learning through reevaluation (second-order valuation) may be essential.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MORE is innovative and distinct from extant mindfulness-based interventions in that in unites traditional mindfulness meditation with reappraisal and savoring strategies designed to reverse the downward shift in salience of natural reward relative to drug reward, representing a crucial tipping point to disrupt the progression of addiction, which no other behavioral intervention has been designed”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
“MORE may be innovative and unique in that in unites traditional mindfulness meditation with strategies designed to reverse the downward shift in salience of natural reward relative to drug reward, representing a crucial tipping point to disrupt the progression of addiction, which no other behavioral intervention has been designed to do.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: No other behavioral intervention has been designed to reverse the downward shift in salience of natural reward relative to drug reward.
- Rests on an assumption: Extant MBIs use mindfulness to disrupt elaborative processing rather than to guide and potentiate it.
- Rests on an assumption: Many existing MBIs eschew an explicit focus on promoting evaluative processing and therefore do not directly or intentionally engage in restructuring of learned responses.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insofar as mindfulness allows access to an expanded set of information from which semantic and conditioned associations may be restructured,32 it can be used to enhance interoceptive awareness of the salience of various courses of action and experiences, thereby optimizing prediction error signaling in the brain to increase goodness-of-fit between behavior and goal states.33”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Garland EL Farb NA Goldin PR Fredrickson BL The Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory: Extensions, Applications, and Challenges at the Attention–Appraisal–Emotion Interface Psychol Inq 2015 26 4 377 387 PMC4826727 27087765 source
- Not checked yetcites [33] Barrett LF Simmons WK Interoceptive predictions in the brain Nat Rev Neurosci 2015 16 7 419 429 10.1038/nrn3950 26016744 PMC4731102 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“New theory suggests that mindfulness meditation is well-suited to facilitate this reevaluation process. According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory,30”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Garland EL Farb NAR Goldin P Fredrickson BL Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning: A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation Psychol Inq 2015 26 4 293 314 27087765 PMC4826727 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ultimately, this allostatic process fuels the downward shift in the hedonic set point that undergirds addiction.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“some philosophers propose that only humans have the desire to evaluate their own desires,9 and a parsimonious read of the data suggests that this is indeed the case.10”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Frankfurt H Freedom of the will and the concept of a person J Philos 1971 67 5 20 source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Steklis HD Lane RD The Unique Human Capacity for Emotional Awareness: Psychological, Neuroanatomical, Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives Watanabe S Kuczaj S Emotions of Animals and Humans. The Science of the Mind Springer Japan 2012 165 205 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-54123-3_8 Accessed August 21, 2015 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Drug-induced restructuring of reward learning is thought to result from neuroplastic modifications to brain circuits subserving stress (e.g., extended amygdala) and reward (e.g., ventral striatum), such that individuals with substance use disorders may become increasingly insensitive to natural reward from healthful and socially affiliative stimuli, while becoming increasingly sensitized to stress”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Koob GF Le Moal M Addiction and the brain antireward system Annu Rev Psychol 2008 59 29 53 18154498 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“These schemas are elicited by drug-related interoceptive and exteroceptive cues, for which attention may become biased due to dopamine-driven incentive salience conferred by prior drug use episodes.19”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] Berridge KC The debate over dopamine’s role in reward: the case for incentive salience Psychopharmacol Berl 2007 191 391 431 17072591 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“MORE’s effects on increasing autonomic and electroencephalographic responses to natural reward stimuli were associated with reductions in drug craving,46,47”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Garland EL Froeliger B Howard MO Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement on reward responsiveness and opioid cue-reactivity Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014 231 16 3229 3238 10.1007/s00213-014-3504-7 24595503 PMC4111972 source
- Not checked yetcites [47] Garland EL Froeliger B Howard MO Neurophysiological evidence for remediation of reward processing deficits in chronic pain and opioid misuse following treatment with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: exploratory ERP findings from a pilot RCT J Behav Med 2014 38 2 327 336 10.1007/s10865-014-9607-0 25385024 PMC4355224 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“such increases in relative responsiveness of natural to drug-related reward significantly predict decreased substance misuse at follow-up.48”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Garland EL Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement modulates neurocognitive mechanisms and reward system function in addiction, stress, and pain Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital New York, NY 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“electrocortical indices of natural reward processing (i.e., late positive potential (LPP).47”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Garland EL Froeliger B Howard MO Neurophysiological evidence for remediation of reward processing deficits in chronic pain and opioid misuse following treatment with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: exploratory ERP findings from a pilot RCT J Behav Med 2014 38 2 327 336 10.1007/s10865-014-9607-0 25385024 PMC4355224 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“increases in striatal and rACC savoring responses significantly predicted increases in positive affect and decreases in the number of cigarettes smoked over the 8-week study period.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Eichberg C Mathew A Baddeley J Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE): A novel smoking-cessation treatment focused on cognitive reappraisal and the savoring of naturalistic rewards Poster Present Front Neurosci Charlest SC 2015
- Not checked yetcites [43] Froeliger B Mathew A Eichberg C Restructuring reward mechanisms in nicotine addiction: a pilot fMRI study of Mindfulness Oriented Recover Enhancement in cigarette smokers under review PMC5360937 28373890
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preliminary neuroimaging evidence suggests that the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring skills training in MORE may treat dysfunction in prefrontal–striatal circuits integral to reward processing and addiction.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
hedgedconditionaln = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“produced greater increases in positive affect than treatment as usual.41”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Garland EL Roberts-Lewis A Tronnier CD Graves R Kelly K Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement as a transdiagnostic treatment for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial Manuscr Submitt Publ 2015 PMC4752876 26701171 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these ways, MORE uses mindfulness as a cognitive amplifier to enhance a domain-general cognitive resource for restructuring reward-learning processes, including boosting the flexibility of attention allocation to re-evaluate and align one’s behavior and goals.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Across these completed and ongoing studies, evidence is amassing that suggests that MORE, as an MBI, targets mechanisms of hedonic dysregulation in the treatment of addiction.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that MORE may restructure reward processing.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Though additional studies are needed, clinical and biobehavioral data from several completed and ongoing trials suggest that MORE may exert salutary effects on addictive behaviors and the neurobiological processes that underpin them.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“improved parasympathetically mediated HRV during attention to emotional information,46”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Garland EL Froeliger B Howard MO Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement on reward responsiveness and opioid cue-reactivity Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014 231 16 3229 3238 10.1007/s00213-014-3504-7 24595503 PMC4111972 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“reducing drug cue reactivity,46”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Garland EL Froeliger B Howard MO Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement on reward responsiveness and opioid cue-reactivity Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014 231 16 3229 3238 10.1007/s00213-014-3504-7 24595503 PMC4111972 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“modulating attentional bias for addiction-related stimuli.39,48”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Garland EL Gaylord SA Boettiger CA Howard MO Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial J Psychoactive Drugs 2010 42 2 177 192 20648913 PMC2921532 source
- Not checked yetcites [48] Garland EL Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement modulates neurocognitive mechanisms and reward system function in addiction, stress, and pain Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital New York, NY 2015
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a recent pilot study indicated that participation in MORE is associated with significant reductions in cigarette smoking among nicotine-dependent individuals.42,43”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Eichberg C Mathew A Baddeley J Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE): A novel smoking-cessation treatment focused on cognitive reappraisal and the savoring of naturalistic rewards Poster Present Front Neurosci Charlest SC 2015
- Not checked yetcites [43] Froeliger B Mathew A Eichberg C Restructuring reward mechanisms in nicotine addiction: a pilot fMRI study of Mindfulness Oriented Recover Enhancement in cigarette smokers under review PMC5360937 28373890
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“participation in MORE was associated with reduced attentional bias for emotionally threatening cues,45”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Garland EL Howard MO Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement reduces pain attentional bias in chronic pain patients Psychother Psychosom 2013 82 5 311 318 23942276 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“only recently has MORE begun to be compared to more robust, empirically supported therapies (e.g., CBT; see Ref. 49).”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] Garland EL Roberts-Lewis A Tronnier CD Graves R Kelley K Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial Behav Res Ther 2016 77 7 16 26701171 PMC4752876 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“MORE increases autonomic responsiveness to natural reward cues relative to drug cues”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Garland EL Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement modulates neurocognitive mechanisms and reward system function in addiction, stress, and pain Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital New York, NY 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“participants in the MORE intervention exhibited significant decreases in striatal and rACC responses to cigarette cues over time relative to those in the no-treatment control condition.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Eichberg C Mathew A Baddeley J Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE): A novel smoking-cessation treatment focused on cognitive reappraisal and the savoring of naturalistic rewards Poster Present Front Neurosci Charlest SC 2015
- Not checked yetcites [43] Froeliger B Mathew A Eichberg C Restructuring reward mechanisms in nicotine addiction: a pilot fMRI study of Mindfulness Oriented Recover Enhancement in cigarette smokers under review PMC5360937 28373890
plaindirectn = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“enhanced cardiac46 and electrocortical indices of natural reward processing”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Garland EL Froeliger B Howard MO Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement on reward responsiveness and opioid cue-reactivity Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014 231 16 3229 3238 10.1007/s00213-014-3504-7 24595503 PMC4111972 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“decreasing the correlation strength between drug craving and addictive behavior,40”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Garland EL Manusov EG Froeliger B Kelly A Williams JM Howard MO Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse: Results from an early-stage randomized controlled trial J Consult Clin Psychol 2014 82 3 448 24491075 PMC4076008 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, MORE’s therapeutic effects on transdiagnostic mechanisms and addiction-specific targets suggest its potential promise as an intervention for addictive disorders and other comorbid conditions.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“compared to the no-treatment control group, participation in MORE was associated with increased striatal and rACC responses during savoring.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Eichberg C Mathew A Baddeley J Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE): A novel smoking-cessation treatment focused on cognitive reappraisal and the savoring of naturalistic rewards Poster Present Front Neurosci Charlest SC 2015
- Not checked yetcites [43] Froeliger B Mathew A Eichberg C Restructuring reward mechanisms in nicotine addiction: a pilot fMRI study of Mindfulness Oriented Recover Enhancement in cigarette smokers under review PMC5360937 28373890
plaincorrelationaln = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“prior RCTs of MORE have employed active control conditions39,40 in an attempt to control for nonspecific therapeutic factors (e.g., social support, attention by a caring professional, expectation of benefit) that might otherwise confound evaluations of intervention efficacy”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Garland EL Gaylord SA Boettiger CA Howard MO Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial J Psychoactive Drugs 2010 42 2 177 192 20648913 PMC2921532 source
- Not checked yetcites [40] Garland EL Manusov EG Froeliger B Kelly A Williams JM Howard MO Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse: Results from an early-stage randomized controlled trial J Consult Clin Psychol 2014 82 3 448 24491075 PMC4076008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study findings, while preliminary, suggest that participation in MORE is associated with a restructuring of frontostriatal circuitry functions implicated in hedonic regulation and addictive behavior.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“smokers participating in MORE evidenced significantly greater increases in rsFC between the rACC and the orbitofrontal cortex”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Eichberg C Mathew A Baddeley J Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE): A novel smoking-cessation treatment focused on cognitive reappraisal and the savoring of naturalistic rewards Poster Present Front Neurosci Charlest SC 2015
- Not checked yetcites [43] Froeliger B Mathew A Eichberg C Restructuring reward mechanisms in nicotine addiction: a pilot fMRI study of Mindfulness Oriented Recover Enhancement in cigarette smokers under review PMC5360937 28373890
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 9
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
In the paper
“In a second trial, a modified version of MORE was tested as a treatment for prescription opioid misuse among chronic pain patients prescribed long-term opioid analgesics (n = 115). Compared with a support-group control condition (n = 58), participants in MORE (n = 57) evidenced greater reductions in pain, stress arousal, and opioid craving, and were more likely to no longer meet criteria for”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Garland EL Manusov EG Froeliger B Kelly A Williams JM Howard MO Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse: Results from an early-stage randomized controlled trial J Consult Clin Psychol 2014 82 3 448 24491075 PMC4076008 source
plaindirectn = 57- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Applying this theory to addiction,31 mindfulness may be used to interrupt drug-use action schema, which can then be consciously reconfigured in working memory to subserve adaptive goal pursuit (i.e., abstinence).”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] McConnell P Froeliger BE Mindfulness, mechanisms and meaning: Perspectives from the cognitive neuroscience of addiction Psychol Inq in press PMC4766863 26924915 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“while becoming increasingly sensitized to stress and dependent on drugs to preserve a dwindling sense of well-being.14”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Koob GF Le Moal M Addiction and the brain antireward system Annu Rev Psychol 2008 59 29 53 18154498 source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Stress, negative affect, and pain provide additional interoceptive input to elicit drug use schemas and further dysregulate prefrontal control over automaticity,20–23 amplifying addictive behavior.24”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Arnsten AFT Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 6 410 422 19455173 PMC2907136 source
- Not checked yetcites [21] Dias-Ferreira E Sousa JC Melo I Chronic stress causes frontostriatal reorganization and affects decision-making Science 2009 325 621 625 19644122 source
- Not checked yetcites [22] Shackman AJ Salomons TV Slagter HA Fox AS Winter JJ Davidson RJ The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex Nat Rev Neurosci 2011 12 3 154 167 21331082 PMC3044650 source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tiffany ST Drug craving and affect Substance Abuse and Emotion Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association 2010 83 108 source
- Not checked yetcites [24] Sinha R Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008 1141 1 105 130 18991954 PMC2732004 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Though valuation processes are fundamental to survival of the human species, hedonic dysregulation is at the root of an array of clinical disorders, including addiction, stress, and chronic pain, as evidenced by the allostatic shift in the relative salience of natural reward to drug reward observed among persons with severe substance use disorders.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Volkow ND Fowler JS Wang G-J The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: brain circuits and treatment strategies Neuropharmacology 2004 47 3 13 15464121 source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Alcaro A Panksepp J The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011 21396397 source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Koob GF Le Moal M Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis Neuropsychopharmacology 2001 24 97 129 11120394 source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Koob GF Le Moal M Addiction and the brain antireward system Annu Rev Psychol 2008 59 29 53 18154498 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory,30 mindfulness meditation can be used to disengage from automatic schema into a metacognitive state of awareness in which attention expands to encompass previously unattended data from which new cognitive structures can be constructed through a process of memory reconsolidation.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Garland EL Farb NAR Goldin P Fredrickson BL Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning: A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation Psychol Inq 2015 26 4 293 314 27087765 PMC4826727 source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relative imbalance of hedonic and aversive states and dysregulation in the cortico–limbic–striatal networks that instantiate them results in an overall reward-processing deficit that may propel the downward spiral of behavioral escalation toward compulsive drug seeking.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“dual-process models posit that addiction results from dysregulation of bottom-up neural circuitry that codes for the salience of reward-related stimuli as well as impaired top-down frontal-executive brain circuitry that subserves cognitive-control processes, including proactive regulation of attention and emotion.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Once adaptive cognitive and behavioral sequences have been constructed and practiced, they may be evoked with less effort and top-down cognitive control.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is not yet known whether MORE modulates universal and/or unique mechanistic targets, because the range of treatment conditions to which this intervention has been compared has been limited to date.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The range of treatment conditions against which MORE has been tested has been limited so far.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These mindful reappraisal and mindful savoring techniques represent complex sequences of emotion regulatory strategies, involving iterative admixtures of attentional orienting, appraisal, valuation, acceptance, cognitive broadening, and reappraisal.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the differential efficacy of these intervention components is unknown.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: MORE combines mindfulness training with reappraisal and savoring techniques in one multimodal treatment.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this respect, MORE may represent a significant advance in the application of contemplative science to clinical intervention.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Transforming addiction through the synergy of mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“which were also correlated with reduced smoking, improved positive affect, and enhanced ventral striatal activation during savoring.”
§ Restructuring reward processing with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement: novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain > Clinical impact and biobehavioral mechanisms of MORE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Eichberg C Mathew A Baddeley J Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE): A novel smoking-cessation treatment focused on cognitive reappraisal and the savoring of naturalistic rewards Poster Present Front Neurosci Charlest SC 2015
- Not checked yetcites [43] Froeliger B Mathew A Eichberg C Restructuring reward mechanisms in nicotine addiction: a pilot fMRI study of Mindfulness Oriented Recover Enhancement in cigarette smokers under review PMC5360937 28373890
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No other behavioral intervention has been designed to reverse the downward shift in salience of natural reward relative to drug reward.
“representing a crucial tipping point to disrupt the progression of addiction, which no other behavioral intervention has been designed to do.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Extant MBIs use mindfulness to disrupt elaborative processing rather than to guide and potentiate it.
“extant MBIs ostensibly use mindfulness to disrupt elaborative processing rather than to guide and potentiate it.b”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many existing MBIs eschew an explicit focus on promoting evaluative processing and therefore do not directly or intentionally engage in restructuring of learned responses.
“While many existing MBIs use mindfulness to disrupt patterns of maladaptive associative learning, they eschew an explicit focus on promoting evaluative processing and therefore do not directly or intentionally engage in restructuring of learned responses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Few of the mechanistic targets examined in the MORE research program have been studied in other behavioral addiction treatments.
“few of the mechanistic targets (e.g., reward responsiveness, addiction attentional bias) studied in the MORE research program have been explored in studies of other behavioral treatments for addiction (e.g., CBT, motivational interviewing).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The range of treatment conditions against which MORE has been tested has been limited so far.
“the range of treatment conditions to which this intervention has been compared has been limited to date.”
The paper relies on this without support.
MORE combines mindfulness training with reappraisal and savoring techniques in one multimodal treatment.
“MORE is a multimodal intervention that combines mindfulness training with reappraisal and savoring techniques”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A parallel can be found in the use of somatically-informed approaches to support patients in recovery from addiction or in the long term management of chronic pain (Garland, 2016) and therapies delivered during depression remission, such as MBCT and WB-CT, encourage the regulation of negative affect via exposure to its somatic and cognitive features.”
From Static and treatment-responsive brain biomarkers of depression relapse vulnerability following prophylactic psychotherapy: Evidence from a randomized control trial (2022) · cites this paper as Garland, 2016
In the citing paper
“The restructuring reward hypothesis states that mindfulness may reduce addictive behavior by shifting the relative salience of drug and natural rewards from valuation of drug-related reward back to valuation of natural rewards that were salient before the development of addiction.”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Though various conceptual models have been advanced [22, 23, 73], few tests of these specific neural hypotheses have been conducted.”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“there are data showing that cognitive remediation, including working memory training and mindfulness, can enhance reward processing in non-clinical populations with high trait social anhedonia (Li et al., 2016) and in prescription opioid abusers (Garland, 2016).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Garland, 2016
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, interventions meant to target subclinical anhedonia or impairments in reinforcement learning in at risk populations have yet to be tested, however there is evidence for potential efficacy.”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Garland, 2016
Citations
Cites
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Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis
Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953
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Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005 · Cited by 2,659
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Garland E.L., 2013, Mindfulness‐Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Addiction, Stress, and Pain
- Cabanac M., 2010, Pleasures of the Brain, 113
- Garland E.L. A.Beck P.Hansen et al.2015.Integrated Mindfulness‐oriented recovery enhancement and physical health intervention for obese cancer survivors: preliminary results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Poster presentation. 12th International Conference of the Society for Integrative Oncology. November 15 2015. Boston MA.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mindfulness and Behavior Change
Schuman-Olivier, Z., Trombka, M., Lovas, D. A., Brewer, J. A., Vago, D. R., Gawande, R., Dunne, J. P., Lazar, S. W., Loucks, E. B., & Fulwiler, C. (2020) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000277 · Cited by 435
Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2018) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-018-0115-3 · Cited by 300
“Though various conceptual models have been advanced [22, 23, 73], few tests of these specific neural hypotheses have been conducted.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe effects of early life stress on reward processing
Novick, A. M., Levandowski, M. L., Laumann, L. E., Philip, N. S., Price, L. H., & Tyrka, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002 · Cited by 192
“Another example is specialized mindfulness training for addiction, which has been hypothesized to restructure associative learning and valuation of natural rewards via alterations to anterior cingulate and ventral striatal activity (Garland, 2016).”
BackgroundLi, W., Garland, E. L., McGovern, P., O’Brien, J. E., Tronnier, C. D., & Howard, M. O. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000269 · Cited by 204
“…Garland et al., 2014) conducted three RCTs that demonstrated therapeutic effects of MORE on addiction-related outcomes including substance misuse, craving, emotional distress, attentional bias, and hedonic regulation (see Garland, 2016 for a review of postulated therapeutic mechanisms of MORE).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGarland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187727 · Cited by 163
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Garland, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garland, Eric L.
- ORCID
- Garland, Eric L.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 1373
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-37
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC4940274
- OpenAlex
- W2314235134
- Semantic Scholar
- 3b563b826364d2a41471b02fa784420a0eb696c3
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R34DA037005)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement, reward processing, addiction, substance use disorders, cognitive control, cognitive reappraisal, savoring, natural reward, drug reward, stress, chronic pain, mindfulness meditation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reward, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Treatment Outcome, Meditation, Chronic Pain, Mindfulness
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