Effects of childhood abuse on adult obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Abstract
Summary: Controversy exists surrounding the role of childhood abuse in obesity development. This is a meta‐analysis of observational studies on the role of childhood abuse in adult obesity. Systematic searches of P ub M ed, P sycInfo, M edline and CINAHL resulted in 23 cohort studies (4 prospective, 19 retrospective) with n = 112,708 participants, containing four abuse types (physical, emotional, sexual, general). Four studies reported dose–response effects. A random effects model was used to quantify effect sizes, meta‐regression/subgroup analysis for identifying potential moderating variables and E gger's test for publication bias. Adults who reported childhood abuse were significantly more likely to be obese (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.45, P < 0.001). All four types of abuse were significantly associated with adult obesity: physical (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46), emotional (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08–1.71), sexual (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.53) and general abuse (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25–1.69). Severe abuse (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27–1.77) was significantly more associated with adult obesity (P = 0.043) compared with light/moderate abuse (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.91–1.41). We found no significant effects of study design (prospective vs. retrospective, P = 0.07), age (P = 0.96) or gender (P = 0.92). Publication bias was evident (E gger's test P = 0.007), but effect sizes remained statistically significant in sensitivity analyses. Childhood abuse was clearly associated with being obese as an adult, including a positive dose–response association. This suggests that adverse life experiences during childhood plays a major role in obesity development, potentially by inducing mental and emotional perturbations, maladaptive coping responses, stress, inflammation and metabolic disturbances.
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A history of childhood abuse (physical, emotional, sexual or general) is significantly associated with greater odds of adulthood obesity, and the odds of obesity increased depending on the severity and number of types of abuse.
“As highlighted by a recent meta‐analysis, a history of childhood abuse (physical, emotional, sexual or general) is significantly associated with greater odds of adulthood obesity, and the odds of obesity increased depending on the severity and number of types of abuse 5.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
Paramount are the social determinants of health, particularly given associations between social disadvantage and the lifetime accumulation of stress and trauma, as well as how social factors impact opioid use and nutritional status.
“Paramount are the social determinants of health, particularly given associations between social disadvantage and the lifetime accumulation of stress and trauma, as well as how social factors impact opioid use (224, 225) and nutritional status (226, 227).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [227]
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- Authors
- Hemmingsson, E., Johansson, K., & Reynisdottir, S.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hemmingsson, E.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-08-15
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 882-893
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W1938871624
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13
- FWCI
- 2.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stockholms Läns Landsting
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- childhood abuse, adult obesity, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, abuse severity, dose-response relationship, adverse childhood experiences, metabolic disorders, maladaptive coping
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Humans, Mental Health, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Weight Gain, Odds Ratio, Age of Onset, Substance-Related Disorders, Observational Studies as Topic
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