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Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Young Adults
Open accessAbstract
Bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal tract has a symbiotic relationship with its host. Animal models have demonstrated a relationship between exercise and gut microbiota composition. This was the first study to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, VO 2 max) and relative gut microbiota composition (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio [F/B]) in healthy young adults in a free-living environment. Twenty males and 17 females (25.7 ± 2.2 years), who did not take antibiotics in the last 6 months, volunteered for this study. VO 2 max was measured using a symptom-limited graded treadmill test. Relative microbiota composition was determined by analyzing DNA extracted from stool samples using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction that specifically measured the quantity of a target gene (16S rRNA) found in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Relationships between F/B and potentially related dietary, anthropometric, and fitness variables were assessed using correlation analyses with an appropriate Bonferroni adjustment ( p < .004). The average F/B ratio in all participants was 0.94 ± 0.03. The F/B ratio was significantly correlated to VO 2 max ( r = .48, p < .003), but no other fitness, nutritional intake, or anthropometric variables ( p > .004). VO 2 max explained ∼22% of the variance of an individual’s relative gut bacteria as determined by the F/B ratio. These data support animal findings, demonstrating a relationship between relative human gut microbiota composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults. Gastrointestinal bacteria is integral in regulating a myriad of physiological processes, and greater insight regarding ramifications of exercise and nutrition on gut microbial composition may help guide therapies to promote human health.
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“While no other relationships between the gut microbiota and fitness, nutritional intake, or anthropometric variables were found, VO2max accounted for ~ 22% of the variance of an individual’s relative gut bacteria (as determined by the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio).”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [93]
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“Durk et al. [93] also explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and relative gut microbiota composition in healthy young adults showing that Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly positively correlated to VO2max.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [93]
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BackgroundInfluentialGut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor
Smith, M. I., Yatsunenko, T., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Mkakosya, R., Cheng, J., Kau, A. L., Rich, S. S., Concannon, P., Mychaleckyj, J. C., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1229000 · Cited by 1,173 · cited 2×
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MethodExercise alters gut microbiota composition and function in lean and obese humans
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“The observed relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and gut microbiota composition supports previous research suggesting that exercise training may promote an increase in bacterial strains in the Firmicutes phylum (Allen et al., 2017; Estaki et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInteractions Between Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism Predisposing to Obesity and Diabetes
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“As obesity is strongly associated with metabolic derangement, the relationship between BMI and F/B observed by Ley et al. may be related to dysfunctional interactions between gut microbiota and bioenergetic pathways (Musso et al., 2011).”
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“These primers targeted the 16S rRNA sequences of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, primers and cycling conditionings as described previously (Bahl et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2008; Payne et al., 2011).”
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BackgroundSelf-citationCommunity characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists
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BackgroundA Taxonomic Signature of Obesity in the Microbiome? Getting to the Guts of the Matter
Finucane, M. M., Sharpton, T. J., Laurent, T. J., & Pollard, K. S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084689 · Cited by 321 · cited 2×
“, (2014), we observed no association between body composition, or Body Mass Index (BMI) and F/B (Finucane et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultExercise Attenuates PCB-Induced Changes in the Mouse Gut Microbiome
Choi, J. J., Eum, S. Y., Rampersaud, E., Daunert, S., Abreu, M. T., & Toborek, M. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1306534 · Cited by 298 · cited 2×
“Recent findings suggest a dynamic relationship between gut microbiota and physical activity levels (Allen et al., 2017; Choi et al., 2013; Clarke et al., 2014; Estaki et al., 2016; Evans et al., 2014; Lambert et al., 2015; Petersen et al., 2017; Petriz et al., 2014; Queipo-Ortuno et al., 2013), with professional athle…”
BackgroundExercise induction of gut microbiota modifications in obese, non-obese and hypertensive rats
Petriz, B. A., Castro, A. P., Almeida, J. A., Gomes, C. P., Fernandes, G. R., Kruger, R. H., Pereira, R. W., & Franco, O. L. (2014) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-511 · Cited by 293 · cited 2×
“…(Allen et al., 2017; Choi et al., 2013; Clarke et al., 2014; Estaki et al., 2016; Evans et al., 2014; Lambert et al., 2015; Petersen et al., 2017; Petriz et al., 2014; Queipo-Ortuno et al., 2013), with professional athletes and higher fit individuals exhibiting more diverse composition compared…”
BackgroundWestern diets, gut dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases: Are they linked?
Martinez, K., Leone, V., & Chang, E. B. (2017) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1270811 · Cited by 291 · cited 1×
“…for this was the relatively low fat (average of 78±27 g of fat consumed per day) and homogenous macronutrient intake by our participants, as fat intake has been proposed to contribute to microbial dysbiosis in animal models (Martinez et al., 2017; Murphy et al., Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.”
BackgroundBahl, M. I., Bergström, A., & Licht, T. R. (2012) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02523.x · Cited by 243 · cited 1×
“These primers targeted the 16S rRNA sequences of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, primers and cycling conditionings as described previously (Bahl et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2008; Payne et al., 2011).”
MethodExercise training modifies gut microbiota in normal and diabetic mice
Lambert, J. E., Myslicki, J. P., Bomhof, M. R., Belke, D. D., Shearer, J., & Reimer, R. A. (2015) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0452 · Cited by 214 · cited 2×
“Recent findings suggest a dynamic relationship between gut microbiota and physical activity levels (Allen et al., 2017; Choi et al., 2013; Clarke et al., 2014; Estaki et al., 2016; Evans et al., 2014; Lambert et al., 2015; Petersen et al., 2017; Petriz et al., 2014; Queipo-Ortuno et al., 2013), with professional athle…”
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“These primers targeted the 16S rRNA sequences of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, primers and cycling conditionings as described previously (Bahl et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2008; Payne et al., 2011).”
MethodOMNIgene®•GUT enables reliable collection of high quality fecal samples for gut microbiome studies
Doukhanine, E., Bouevitch, A., Merino, C., & Pozza, L. M. (2014) · Cited by 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mailing, L. J., Allen, J. M., Buford, T. W., Fields, C. J., & Woods, J. A. (2019) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000183 · Cited by 521
“, (58) Crosssectional Healthy young adults (n = 20 males, n = 17 females) with varying cardiorespiratory fitness level n/a No association between macronutrient intake and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio Higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was significantly correlated with V̇O2max.”
BackgroundMohr, A. E., Jäger, R., Carpenter, K. C., Kerksick, C. M., Purpura, M., Townsend, J. R., West, N. P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D. B., et al. (2020) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w · Cited by 378
“Durk et al., 2019, USA [93] Healthy young males and females, n = 37, 25.7 ± 2.2 years Cross-sectional Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) that specifically measured the quantity of a target gene (16 s RNA) found in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes Observational Crosssectional •…”
BackgroundInfluentialInterplay Between Exercise and Gut Microbiome in the Context of Human Health and Performance
Clauss, M., Gérard, P., Mosca, A., & Leclerc, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.637010 · Cited by 308
“Similarly, the fitness measured by VO2max was significantly correlated with the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (54).”
MethodMartinez, J. E., Kahana, D. D., Ghuman, S., Wilson, H. P., Wilson, J. B., Kim, S. C. J., Lagishetty, V., Jacobs, J. P., Sinha‐Hikim, A. P., & Friedman, T. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.667066 · Cited by 243
Roberts, M. D., McCarthy, J. J., Hornberger, T. A., Phillips, S. M., Mackey, A. L., Nader, G. A., Boppart, M. D., Kavazis, A. N., Reidy, P. T., Ogasawara, R., et al. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2022 · Cited by 214
Metadata
- Authors
- Durk, R. P., Castillo, E., Márquez-Magaña, L., Grosicki, G. J., Bolter, N. D., Lee, C. M., & Bagley, J. R.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco State University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bagley, James R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2019-05-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 249-253
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- PMC
- PMC6487229
- OpenAlex
- W2831365105
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (UL1GM118985)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, physical activity, young adults, dietary intake, anthropometric variables, 16S rRNA gene quantification
- MeSH terms
- Bacillota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adult, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Bacteroidetes, Gastrointestinal Tract, Young Adult
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