Exercise Attenuates PCB-Induced Changes in the Mouse Gut Microbiome
Open accessAbstract
Background: The gut microbiome, a dynamic bacterial community that interacts with the host, is integral to human health because it regulates energy metabolism and immune functions. The gut microbiome may also play a role in risks from environmental toxicants. Objectives: We investigated the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and exercise on the composition and structure of the gut microbiome in mice. Methods: After mice exercised voluntarily for 5 weeks, they were treated by oral gavage with a mixture of environmentally relevant PCB congeners (PCB153, PCB138, and PCB180; total PCB dose, 150 µmol/kg) for 2 days. We then assessed the microbiome by determination of 16S rRNA using microarray analysis. Results: Oral exposure to PCBs significantly altered the abundance of the gut microbiome in mice primarily by decreasing the levels of Proteobacteria. The activity level of the mice correlated with a substantial shift in abundance, biodiversity, and composition of the microbiome. Importantly, exercise attenuated PCB-induced changes in the gut microbiome. Conclusions: Our results show that oral exposure to PCBs can induce substantial changes in the gut microbiome, which may then influence their systemic toxicity. These changes can be attenuated by behavioral factors, such as voluntary exercise.
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Exercise is crucial to healthy interactions within the gut microbiota.
“It is reasonable to think of exercise as being crucial to healthy interactions within the gut microbiota (Choi et al., 2013).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Choi et al., 2013
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports that exercise changed the mouse gut microbiome and attenuated PCB-induced changes. The Discussion (page unavailable) also suggests exercise may affect host–bacterial interactions. These findings support an influence of exercise, but not the broader assertion that it is crucial to healthy interactions within the gut microbiota. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExercise appears to be able to enrich microbiota diversity.
“Exercise appears to be able to enrich microbiota diversity [20–25]”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
In comparison to sedentary control, mice with running wheel exercise had higher phylum Firmicutes but fewer phyla Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes, which attenuated changes in gut microbiota induced by oral exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls.
“In particular, Choi et al. [73] reported that, in comparison to a sedentary control, mice with running wheel exercise had higher phylum Firmicutes but fewer phyla Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes, which attenuated changes in gut microbiota induced by oral exposure to the environmental toxin, polychlorinated biphenyls.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
Other than a positive correlation between exercise and Lactobacillus, no other taxa consistently increase in relative abundance in regularly exercised mice or rats.
“Other than a positive correlation between exercise and Lactobacillus [73, 86, 87], there are no other taxa that consistently increase in relative abundance in regularly exercised mice or rats.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
Daily wheel running exercise may improve some aspects of unhealthy states, such as diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and toxicity, by impacting gut microbial composition in mice.
“Other animal studies demonstrated that daily wheel running exercise may improve some aspects of unhealthy states, such as diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and toxicity, by impacting the gut microbial composition in mice [73–75].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
Several other murine studies demonstrated increased alpha diversity in animals that exercised vs. those that were sedentary.
“Several other studies using murine-based models also demonstrated increased alpha diversity in animals that exercised vs. those that were sedentary [73, 74, 86, 87].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Choi, J. J., Eum, S. Y., Rampersaud, E., Daunert, S., Abreu, M. T., & Toborek, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and
- Corresponding author
- Toborek, Michal
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-04-26
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 725-730
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC3672930
- OpenAlex
- W2028180178
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 1708 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DA027569)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH072567, MH 63022, R01MH063022, R01MH072567)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027569, DA027569)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA133257)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42 ES-07380, P42ES007380)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Keywords
- polychlorinated biphenyls, gut microbiota, voluntary exercise, environmental toxins, Proteobacteria, microbiome diversity, oral exposure, PCB congeners, mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Pollutants, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Humans, Intestines, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Cholic Acid, Mice, Metagenome
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