Exercise Prevents Weight Gain and Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is a significant health concern which has been linked to structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise (Ex) is effective in preventing obesity, but whether Ex alters the gut microbiota during development with high fat (HF) feeding is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of voluntary Ex on the gastrointestinal microbiota in LF-fed mice and in HF-DIO. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 littermates (5 weeks) were distributed equally into 4 groups: low fat (LF) sedentary (Sed) LF/Sed, LF/Ex, HF/Sed and HF/Ex. Mice were individually housed and LF/Ex and HF/Ex cages were equipped with a wheel and odometer to record Ex. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks and used for bacterial DNA isolation. DNA was subjected both to quantitative PCR using primers specific to the 16S rRNA encoding genes for Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and to sequencing for lower taxonomic identification using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed using a one or two-way ANOVA or Pearson correlation. RESULTS: HF diet resulted in significantly greater body weight and adiposity as well as decreased glucose tolerance that were prevented by voluntary Ex (p<0.05). Visualization of Unifrac distance data with principal coordinates analysis indicated clustering by both diet and Ex at week 12. Sequencing demonstrated Ex-induced changes in the percentage of major bacterial phyla at 12 weeks. A correlation between total Ex distance and the ΔCt Bacteroidetes: ΔCt Firmicutes ratio from qPCR demonstrated a significant inverse correlation (r2 = 0.35, p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Ex induces a unique shift in the gut microbiota that is different from dietary effects. Microbiota changes may play a role in Ex prevention of HF-DIO.
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In high-fat-diet-fed mice, the change in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was proportional to the distance ran.
“the change in ratio between Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes phyla was proportional to the distance ran (in the HFD fed mice).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2014
The Results section (Figure 6; page unavailable) reports a significant but modest correlation between exercise distance and a Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes qPCR measure. The correlation combines low-fat- and high-fat-diet exercise groups; it does not establish that the change in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was proportional to distance among high-fat-diet-fed mice specifically. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn mice fed a high-fat diet, voluntary exercise had significant effects on the relative balance of the major bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.
“The authors reported that voluntary exercise had significant effects on the relative balance of the major bacterial phyla (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) that was concurrent with prevention of dietary-induced obesity and normalization in glucose tolerance and that the change in ratio between Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes phyla was proportional to the distance ran (in the HFD fed mice).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2014
In mice fed a high-fat diet, voluntary exercise was concurrent with prevention of dietary-induced obesity and normalization of glucose tolerance.
“The authors reported that voluntary exercise had significant effects on the relative balance of the major bacterial phyla (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) that was concurrent with prevention of dietary-induced obesity and normalization in glucose tolerance and that the change in ratio between Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes phyla was proportional to the distance ran (in the HFD fed mice).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2014
Exercise appears to be able to enrich microbiota diversity.
“Exercise appears to be able to enrich microbiota diversity [20–25]”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
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“The changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio exerted by exercise were inversely proportional to the distance traveled by animals [74].”
BackgroundEnvironmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
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BackgroundSex-specific association between gut microbiome and fat distribution
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- Authors
- Evans, C. C., LePard, K. J., Kwak, J. W., Stancukas, M. C., Laskowski, S., Dougherty, J., Moulton, L., Glawe, A., Wang, Y., Leone, V., Antonopoulos, D. A., Smith, D., Chang, E. B., & Ciancio, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Midwestern University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Christian C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-03-26
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e92193
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3966766
- OpenAlex
- W2082565310
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 16.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Knowledge@UChicago (University of Chicago) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Chicago
- Funders
- University of Chicago
- Midwestern University
- National Institutes of Health (P30 DK)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK047722, P30DK42086, R37DK047722, R01DK097268, P30DK042086, DK097268)
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- physical activity, gut microbiota, diet-induced obesity, high-fat diet, weight gain, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, glucose tolerance, adiposity, voluntary wheel running, fecal microbiota, obesity prevention
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Feces, Glucose Tolerance Test, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscles, Obesity, Organ Size, Phylogeny, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Weight Gain, Cluster Analysis, Biodiversity, Diet, High-Fat
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