Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism Predisposing to Obesity and Diabetes
Abstract
Novel, culture-independent, molecular and metagenomic techniques have provided new insight into the complex interactions between the mammalian host and gut microbial species. It is increasingly evident that gut microbes may shape the host metabolic and immune network activity and ultimately influence the development of obesity and diabetes. We discuss the evidence connecting gut microflora to obesity and to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and we present recent insights into potential mechanisms underlying this relationship: increased nutrient absorption from the diet, prolonged intestinal transit time, altered bile acid entero-hepatic cycle, increased cellular uptake of circulating triglycerides, enhanced de novo lipogenesis, reduced free fatty acid oxidation, altered tissue composition of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acid, chronic low-grade inflammation triggered by the endotoxin toll-like receptor 4 axis, and altered intestinal barrier function.
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Microbiota-produced SCFAs affect a range of host processes including control of colonic pH, with consequent effects on microbiota composition, intestinal motility, gut permeability and epithelial cell proliferation.
“The microbiota-produced SCFAs affect a range of host processes including control of colonic pH, with consequent effects on microbiota composition, intestinal motility, gut permeability and epithelial cell proliferation [77].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Musso, G., Gambino, R., & Cassader, M.
- Affiliations
- Ospedale Humanitas Gradenigo (IT)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Medicine
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-02-18
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 361-380
- ISSN
- 0066-4219 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-326X
- OpenAlex
- W2153670376
- Cited by
- 598
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, obesity, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, nutrient absorption, intestinal transit time, triglyceride uptake, de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, low-grade inflammation, TLR4, endotoxin, intestinal barrier function
- MeSH terms
- Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Choline, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Endotoxemia, Gastrointestinal Tract, Angiopoietins, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Mice, Rats, Metagenome
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