Cited by 1,617Memory Processes and InfluencesCognitive Abilities and TestingNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory

Kahneman, Daniel, Beatty, Jackson·1966·Science

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Abstract

During a short-term memory task, pupil diameter is a measure of the amount of material which is under active processing at any time. The pupil dilates as the material is presented and constricts during report. The rate of change of these functions is related to task difficulty.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.154.3756.1583

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline
Holmqvist, K., Örbom, S. L., Hooge, I. T. C., Niehorster, D. C., Alexander, R. G., Andersson, R., Benjamins, J. S., Blignaut, P. J., Brouwer, A.-M., Chuang, L. L., et al. (2022) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-021-01762-8 · Cited by 169
Retracted
Pupil-linked arousal signals track the temporal organization of events in memory
Clewett, D., Gasser, C., & Davachi, L. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17851-9 · Cited by 154
Phasic Not Tonic Pupillary Responses Vary With Auditory Vigilance Performance
Beatty, J. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02540.x · Cited by 163
Self-citation
Pupillary responses in a pitch-discrimination task
Hahnemann, D., & Beatty, J. (1967) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03210302 · Cited by 162
Self-citation
Perceptual Deficit during a Mental Task
Kahneman, D. J., Beatty, J., & Pollack, I. W. (1967) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.157.3785.218 · Cited by 162
Self-citation

Authors: Kahneman, D., & Beatty, J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1966-12-23
Volume: 154
Issue: 3756
Pages: 1583-1585
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.154.3756.1583
OpenAlex: W1976339519
Cited by: 1,617
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 98 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 9.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: pupil size, short-term memory, memory load, pupil dilation, miosis, task difficulty, active processing, visual attention
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Memory, Pupil

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Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory

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