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Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity among Human Isolates of Akkermansia muciniphila

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Becken, Bradford, Davey, Lauren, Middleton, Dustin R., Mueller, Katherine D., Sharma, Agastya, Holmes, Zachary C., Dallow, Eric, Remick, Brenna +6 more·2021·mBio
DOI 10.1128/mbio.00478-21PMC PMC8262928
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Abstract

The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is linked to multiple positive health outcomes. There are four known A. muciniphila phylogroups, yet the prevalence of these phylogroups and how they vary in their ability to influence human health is largely unknown.

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Crossref · 10.1128/mbio.00478-21

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  • In this review, Akkermansia was characterized by several host-interaction and persistence-related features, including epithelial adherence, aggregation, pili, autotransporters, sulfatases, mucin-associated enzymes, oxygen tolerance, Amuc-related proteins, and genes associated with B12/corrin-related biosynthesis.

    “In this review, Akkermansia was characterized by several host-interaction and persistence-related features, including epithelial adherence, aggregation, pili, autotransporters, sulfatases, mucin-associated enzymes, oxygen tolerance, Amuc-related proteins, and genes associated with B12/corrin-related biosynthesis. 12,14,21,24,31”

    From Comparative Genomic Insights into Pangenome Diversity and Functional Adaptation of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium as Gut-Associated Next-Generation Probiotics: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Results section on phylogroup-specific traits reports epithelial adherence, aggregation, oxygen sensitivity, and mucin-related glycoside hydrolases; the Discussion identifies Amuc_1100 as a conserved pilus-like protein. The paper postulates vitamin B12 synthesis in AmII strains, but the passages do not identify B12/corrin biosynthesis genes, autotransporters, or sulfatases as claimed. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Phylogroup or clade separation can correspond to differences in oxygen tolerance, epithelial adherence, genome plasticity, and other traits relevant to gut colonization and next-generation probiotic candidate selection.

    “Such clustering is biologically meaningful because phylogroup or clade separation can correspond to differences in oxygen tolerance, epithelial adherence, genome plasticity, and other traits relevant to gut colonization and next-generation probiotic candidate selection. 12,13”

    From Comparative Genomic Insights into Pangenome Diversity and Functional Adaptation of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium as Gut-Associated Next-Generation Probiotics: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Results section reports phylogroup-linked differences in oxygen sensitivity and epithelial adherence, and the Discussion links strain-specific colonization to the development of effective A. muciniphila-based probiotics (pages not available in our copy). The comparative-genomics Results show differences in gene content, but do not establish differences in genome plasticity itself. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Becken, B., Davey, L., Middleton, D. R., Mueller, K. D., Sharma, A., Holmes, Z. C., Dallow, E., Remick, B., Barton, G. M., David, L. A., McCann, J. R., Armstrong, S. C., Malkus, P., & Valdivia, R. H.
Affiliations
  • Duke University (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • Duke University Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Valdivia, Raphael H.
ORCID
Venue
mBio
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
2021-06-29
Volume
12
Issue
3
ISSN
2150-7511 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1128/mbio.00478-21
PMC
PMC8262928
OpenAlex
W3161582077
Cited by
125
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 3
FWCI
5.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • mBio (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI42376)
  • HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute (CA249243)
  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK110492, T32DK007568)
  • American Heart Association (18POST34070017)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
Akkermansia muciniphila, phylogenetic groups, genotypic diversity, phenotypic diversity, human gut microbiome, gastrointestinal tract, mucin degradation, health outcomes
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Akkermansia, Animals, Female, Genotype, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phenotype, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Genetic Variation, Cohort Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, HT29 Cells, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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