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Biology of Oral Streptococci

Abranches, J., Zeng, L., Kajfasz, J. K., Palmer, S. R., Chakraborty, B., Wen, Z. T., Richards, V. P., Brady, L. J., Lemos, J. A.·2018·Microbiology Spectrum

Abstract

Bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus are the first inhabitants of the oral cavity, which can be acquired right after birth and thus play an important role in the assembly of the oral microbiota. In this article, we discuss the different oral environments inhabited by streptococci and the species that occupy each niche. Special attention is given to the taxonomy of Streptococcus , because this genus is now divided into eight distinct groups, and oral species are found in six of them. Oral streptococci produce an arsenal of adhesive molecules that allow them to efficiently colonize different tissues in the mouth. Also, they have a remarkable ability to metabolize carbohydrates via fermentation, thereby generating acids as byproducts. Excessive acidification of the oral environment by aciduric species such as Streptococcus mutans is directly associated with the development of dental caries. However, less acid-tolerant species such as Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus gordonii produce large amounts of alkali, displaying an important role in the acid-base physiology of the oral cavity. Another important characteristic of certain oral streptococci is their ability to generate hydrogen peroxide that can inhibit the growth of S. mutans . Thus, oral streptococci can also be beneficial to the host by producing molecules that are inhibitory to pathogenic species. Lastly, commensal and pathogenic streptococci residing in the oral cavity can eventually gain access to the bloodstream and cause systemic infections such as infective endocarditis.

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Metadata

Authors
Abranches, J., Zeng, L., Kajfasz, J. K., Palmer, S. R., Chakraborty, B., Wen, Z. T., Richards, V. P., Brady, L. J., & Lemos, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
  • Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
  • Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
  • Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Venue
Microbiology Spectrum
Published
2018-09-07
Volume
6
Issue
5
ISSN
2165-0497
Cited by
502
References
11
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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