The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To evaluate efficacy of probiotics in prevention and treatment of diarrhoea associated with the use of antibiotics. Design: Meta-analysis; outcome data (proportion of patients not getting diarrhoea) were analysed, pooled, and compared to determine odds ratios in treated and control groups. Identification: Studies identified by searching Medline between 1966 and 2000 and the Cochrane Library. Studies reviewed Nine randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials of probiotics. Results: Two of the nine studies investigated the effects of probiotics in children. Four trials used a yeast ( Saccharomyces boulardii) , four used lactobacilli, and one used a strain of enterococcus that produced lactic acid. Three trials used a combination of probiotic strains of bacteria. In all nine trials, the probiotics were given in combination with antibiotics and the control groups received placebo and antibiotics. The odds ratio in favour of active treatment over placebo in preventing diarrhoea associated with antibiotics was 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.62; P<0.001) for the yeast and 0.34 (0.19 to 0.61; P<0.01 for lactobacilli. The combined odds ratio was 0.37 (0.26 to 0.53; P<0.001) in favour of active treatment over placebo. Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests that probiotics can be used to prevent antibiotic associated diarrhoea and that S boulardii and lactobacilli have the potential to be used in this situation. The efficacy of probiotics in treating antibiotic associated diarrhoea remains to be proved. A further large trial in which probiotics are used as preventive agents should look at the costs of and need for routine use of these agents.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04149-5 · Cited by 4,826
Lactobacillus Species as Opportunistic Pathogens in Immunocompromised Patients
Schlegel, L., Lemerle, S., & Geslin, P. (1998) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s100960050216 · Cited by 69
Cited by
You are what you eat: Diet, health and the gut microbiota
Zmora, N., Suez, J., & Elinav, E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0061-2 · Cited by 1,792
McFarland, L. V. (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00465.x · Cited by 872
Newberry, S. J. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.3507 · Cited by 870
Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks?
Boyle, R. J., Robins-Browne, R. M., & Tang, M. L. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1256 · Cited by 776
Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children
Goldenberg, J. Z., Ma, S. S., Saxton, J. D., Martzen, M. R., Vandvik, P. O., Thorlund, K., Guyatt, G. H., & Johnston, B. C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006095.pub3 · Cited by 741
Hickson, M., D'Souza, A. L., Muthu, N., Rogers, T. R., Want, S., Rajkumar, C., & Bulpitt, C. J. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39231.599815.55 · Cited by 599
Self-citationReview article: yeast as probiotics – Saccharomyces boulardii
CZERUCKA, D., PICHE, T., & RAMPAL, P. (2007) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03442.x · Cited by 587
Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections
Hao, Q., Dong, B. R., & Wu, T. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006895.pub3 · Cited by 569
Adolfsson, O., Meydani, S. N., & Russell, R. M. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.2.245 · Cited by 531
Impact of allocation concealment on conclusions drawn from meta-analyses of randomized trials
Pildal, J., Hrobjartsson, A., Jorgensen, K., Hilden, J., Altman, D., & Gotzsche, P. (2007) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym087 · Cited by 472
A Meta-Analysis of Probiotic Efficacy for Gastrointestinal Diseases
Ritchie, M. L., & Romanuk, T. N. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034938 · Cited by 474
Understanding randomised controlled trials
Akobeng, A. K. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2004.058222 · Cited by 458
PASSCLAIM1?Gut health and immunity
Cummings, J. H., Antoine, J.-M., Azpiroz, F., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Brandtzaeg, P., Calder, P. C., Gibson, G. R., Guarner, F., Isolauri, E., Pannemans, D., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-004-1205-4 · Cited by 324
Gao, X. W., Mubasher, M., Fang, C. Y., Reifer, C., & Miller, L. E. (2010) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.11 · Cited by 318
Probiotics and Prebiotics: Effects on Diarrhea1
de Vrese, M., & Marteau, P. R. (2007) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.3.803s · Cited by 312
A systematic review and meta-analysis: probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Hoveyda, N., Heneghan, C., Mahtani, K. R., Perera, R., Roberts, N., & Glasziou, P. (2009) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-9-15 · Cited by 297
Gupta, V, & Garg, R. (2009) · Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.4103/0255-0857.53201 · Cited by 283
Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Guo, Q., Goldenberg, J. Z., Humphrey, C., El Dib, R., & Johnston, B. C. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004827.pub5 · Cited by 275
From yaks to yogurt: the history, development, and current use of probiotics
McFarland, L. V. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ054 · Cited by 248
Kamiya, T., Wang, L., Forsythe, P., Goettsche, G., Mao, Y., Wang, Y., Tougas, G., & Bienenstock, J. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.070987 · Cited by 242
Prebiotics and probiotics; modifying and mining the microbiota
Quigley, E. M. M. (2010) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.01.004 · Cited by 238
Hungin, A. P. S., Mulligan, C., Pot, B., Whorwell, P., Agréus, L., Fracasso, P., Lionis, C., Mendive, J., Philippart de Foy, J.-M., Rubin, G., et al. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12460 · Cited by 212
Gianotti, L. (2010) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i2.167 · Cited by 209
Corrêa, N. B. O., Péret Filho, L. A., Penna, F. J., Lima, F. M. L. S., & Nicoli, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000159217.47419.5b · Cited by 208
Health information exchange and patient safety
Kaelber, D. C., & Bates, D. W. (2007) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2007.08.011 · Cited by 206
Beausoleil, M., Fortier, N., Guénette, S., L’Ecuyer, A., Savoie, M., Franco, M., Lachaîne, J., & Weiss, K. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2007/720205 · Cited by 162
WILLIAMS, E. A., STIMPSON, J., WANG, D., PLUMMER, S., GARAIOVA, I., BARKER, M. E., & CORFE, B. M. (2009) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03848.x · Cited by 156
Systemic consequences of ileus
Madl, C., & Druml, W. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00022-2 · Cited by 124
Probiotic bacteria in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Mego, M., Holec, V., Drgona, L., Hainova, K., Ciernikova, S., & Zajac, V. (2013) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.018 · Cited by 112
Current level of consensus on probiotic science-Report of an expert meeting-London, 23 November 2009
Rowland, I. R., Capurso, L., Collins, K., Cummings, J., Delzenne, N., Goulet, O., Guarner, F., Marteau, P., & Meier, R. (2010) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.1.6.13610 · Cited by 109
Managing antibiotic associated diarrhoea: Probiotics may help in prevention
Barbut, F., & Meynard, J. L. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1345 · Cited by 100
Madden, J. A. J., Plummer, S. F., Tang, J., Garaiova, I., Plummer, N. T., Herbison, M., Hunter, J. O., Shimada, T., Cheng, L., & Shirakawa, T. (2005) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.006 · Cited by 86
Synbiotics for Improved Human Health: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities
Krumbeck, J. A., Walter, J., & Hutkins, R. W. (2018) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012757 · Cited by 84
Imase, K., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, A., Tokunaga, K., Sugano, H., Tanaka, M., Ishida, H., Kamiya, S., & Takahashi, S. (2008) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00026.x · Cited by 81
Using Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Ringel, Y., Quigley, E. M., & Lin, H. C. (2012) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology Supplements · doi:10.1038/ajgsup.2012.7 · Cited by 77
Andriulli, A., Neri, M., Loguercio, C., Terreni, N., Merla, A., Cardarella, M. P., Federico, A., Chilovi, F., Milandri, G. L., De Bona, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e31817fadd6 · Cited by 75
Cohen, S. A., Woodfield, M. C., Boyle, N., Stednick, Z., Boeckh, M., & Pergam, S. A. (2016) · Transplant Infectious Disease · doi:10.1111/tid.12587 · Cited by 75
Merenstein, D. J., Foster, J., & D’Amico, F. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.119 · Cited by 61
Liu, P. C., Yan, Y. K., Ma, Y. J., Wang, X. W., Geng, J., Wang, M. C., Wei, F. X., Zhang, Y. W., Xu, X. D., & Zhang, Y. C. (2017) · Gastroenterology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2017/6029075 · Cited by 49
Xie, C., Li, J., Wang, K., Li, Q., & Chen, D. (2015) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.03.001 · Cited by 49
Effects of probiotics on the gastrointestinal tract
Snelling, A. M. (2005) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000182103.32504.e3 · Cited by 46
Using probiotics in the paediatric population
Marchand, V. (2012) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/17.10.575 · Cited by 42
Probiotic use in irritable bowel syndrome
Young, P., & Cash, B. D. (2006) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-006-0053-1 · Cited by 22
Dhongade, A. R., Joshi, S. S., Kulkarni, S. V., Jadhav, S. S., Nargundkar, N., Deshmukh, D., & Mehta, A. D. (2022) · Pediatric Infectious Disease · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1370 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- D'Souza, A. L., Rajkumar, C., Cooke, J., & Bulpitt, C. J.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2002-06-08
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 7350
- Pages
- 1361
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2118266802
- Cited by
- 664
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 70.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
