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Cited by 11Geological and Geochemical AnalysisGeological Studies and ExplorationGeological and Geophysical Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 150 sources its claims cite were checked for support.

The Grenville Province: revisiting the orogenic framework and integrating recent findings

Open access
Indares, Aphrodite·2025·Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
DOI 10.1139/cjes-2023-0143
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Abstract

The Grenville Province holds record of Mesoproterozoic orogenic processes at the Laurentian margin during the assembly of Rodinia. This contribution reviews key characteristics of the Province, integrates recently published data, and questions some earlier interpretations. Despite crustal reworking during the Grenvillian orogeny (1.09–0.98 Ga), contrasts between crustal-age domains across the Allochthon Boundary largely reflect differences between internal and external Laurentia, and allochthonous units were far-travelled in the west but not in the east. In addition, there is growing evidence towards a continuum between the Ottawan and Rigolet orogenic phases. Based on ages of metamorphism, the high-pressure segments of the hinterland reflect localized thickening at the front of the Ottawan orogen and evidence for an orogenic plateau is limited to the western Grenville. Peak metamorphic conditions in the mid-pressure orogenic core, mostly within the confines of biotite dehydration melting (max ∼900 °C) for aluminous rocks, culminated in early Ottawan and were followed by protracted extension. In addition, high-temperature granitoid magmatism was active throughout the duration of the orogeny and localized in formerly pericratonic terranes accreted at 1.4 and 1.2–1.1 Ga, indicating an influence of inherited lithospheric structures on Grenvillian mantle dynamics. The overall orogenic pattern reveals considerable lateral variations in the hinterland potentially linked to the earlier configuration of external Laurentia and is consistent with weak lithosphere supporting a broad, hot, but not necessarily high-standing orogen for most of the Ottawan, in contrast to the Rigolet phase that marks the propagation of the orogen against Archean lithosphere of internal Laurentia.

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review reassesses the Grenville Province’s orogenic framework by integrating recent data and questioning earlier interpretations. It argues that contrasts across the Allochthon Boundary largely reflect internal versus external Laurentia, that far-travelled allochthons are documented in the west but not the east, and that the Ottawan and Rigolet phases form a continuum.

Key findings

  • The Allochthon Boundary is diachronous and laterally variable: early Ottawan thrusting in the west (pre-1020 Ma) versus Rigolet-age activity in central Grenville (990 Ma); far-travelled allochthons are documented in the west, including 100–300 km NW-directed transport of Parry Sound domain and a minimum 100 km thrust displacement across the boundary, but evidence is missing in the east.
  • High-P metamorphism youngs eastward from ca. 1.09 Ga in the western Grenville to 1.04–1.01 Ga in the Manicouagan area and ca. 1.00 Ga in the Molson Lake terrane; the exposed High-P segments record localized thickening at the front of the Ottawan orogen, and evidence for a thick Ottawan plateau is limited to the western Grenville.
  • Mid-P peak conditions in southern Manicouagan are modelled at about 800–1000 MPa and 850–880 °C, with melt solidification at 650–800 MPa and 820–840 °C; central High-P rocks record 1500–1600 MPa and ≥875 °C, while western High-P rocks record 1500–1700 MPa / 650–750 °C followed by granulite-facies overprint at 1200–1300 MPa / 820–880 °C.
  • Peak metamorphism in the Mid-P segment is early Ottawan (1085–1060 Ma), followed by over 40 Myr of normal to transtensional adjustments to at least 1020 Ma, indicating extension was active for most of the Ottawan; high-T granitoid magmatism spans the entire Grenvillian orogeny and is localized in formerly pericratonic terranes accreted at ca. 1.4 Ga and 1.2–1.1 Ga.

Methods

  • Review paper integrating recently published data; the author states there are no original data.
  • Synthesizes crustal-age domains, tectono-metamorphic divisions, P-T-t estimates, metamorphic ages, and syn-orogenic magmatism across the Grenville Province.
  • Uses published phase equilibria modelling, thermobarometry, and geochronology (monazite, zircon, garnet Lu-Hf/Sm-Nd) from the literature.

Limitations

  • The paper states it is a review with no original data.
  • The text notes that metamorphic characterizations were based on limited data with patchy regional distribution, and compiled P-T ranges came from older thermobarometry before modern thermodynamic modelling and petrochronology.
  • The text also states that phase equilibria modelling remains underutilized for mafic rocks and was used for aluminous rocks from only two areas of the Mid- and High-P segments; geochronology is complicated by mixed ID-TIMS domains and zircon/monazite behaviour in anatectic systems, and garnet dating has been underutilized.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1139/cjes-2023-0143

Cites

98 of 98 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

1 of 150 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingreasoning

    High-temperature granitoid magmatism was localized in formerly pericratonic terranes accreted at ~1.4 Ga and 1.2-1.1 Ga.

    “and localized in formerly pericratonic terranes accreted at ~1.4 Ga and 1.2-1.1 Ga”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Peak-metamorphic conditions in the Mid-P orogenic core, mostly within the confines of biotite dehydration melting (max ~900 C) for aluminous rocks, culminated in early Ottawan.

    “Peak-metamorphic conditions in the Mid-P orogenic core, mostly within the confines of biotite dehydration melting (max ~900 o C) for aluminous rocks, culminated in early Ottawan”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    High-temperature granitoid magmatism was active throughout the duration of the Grenvillian orogeny.

    “high-temperature granitoid magmatism was active throughout the duration of the orogeny”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    In the Geon 12 to 11 Ga interval, the geological record of crustal-age domains that were part of Laurentia by 1.2 Ga is dominated by localized extension.

    “In this time interval, the geological record of crustal-age domains that were part of Laurentia by 1.2 Ga (e.g., all domains except for the Composite Arc Belt and Adirondacks-Frontenac belts to the SW) is dominated by localized extension.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingcitation

    Large parts of the Grenville Province mainly consist of Late-Paleoproterozoic ca.1.68-1.62Ga (Labradorian) and Mesoproterozoic ca.1.50-1.35Ga crustal-age domains.

    “Large parts of the Grenville Province mainly consist of Late-Paleoproterozoic ca.1.68-1.62Ga (Labradorian) and Mesoproterozoic ca.1.50-1.35Ga crustal-age domains”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 26
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2
  • It may state two separate claims as one. 77

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Tectonic interpretations of the orogen concur that hot, lower to middle crust of the hinterland experienced ductile flow during the Ottawan phase.

    “Tectonic interpretations of the orogen concur that hot, lower to middle crust of the hinterland experienced ductile flow during the Ottawan phase”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Culshaw et al. 1997 source
    • cites Jamieson et al. 2007 source
    • cites Rivers 2008 source

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingreasoning

    Evidence of Geon 12 extension in the Grenville Province includes supracrustal sequences with volcanic components, A-type granitoids, and mafic dyke swarms.

    “Evidence of Geon 12 extension in the Grenville Province includes supracrustal sequences with volcanic components, A-type granitoids,”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The 1.50-1.35 Ga domains show marked lateral variations, with continental arc affinities and ca.1.50-1.65 Nd model ages in the east.

    “They also show marked lateral variations, with: continental arc affinities and ca.1.50-1.65Nd model ages in the east”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gower and Krogh 2002 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    In other locations, crustal-age domains straddle adjacent Grenvillian crustal segments and the Allochthon Boundary is poorly defined.

    “However, in other locations crustal-age domains straddle adjacent (as currently exposed) Grenvillian crustal segments and the Allochthon Boundary is poorly defined.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    The Havre St-Pierre and Atikonak-Lac Fournier massifs define a ~NS belt at the eastern side of Quebecia, with Havre St-Pierre flanked by the western Wakeham (1.27-1.24Ga)-Robe-Noire (1.17 Ga) package.

    “Furthermore, the Havre St-Pierre and Atikonak -Lac Fournier massifs define a ~NS belt at the eastern side of Quebecia, with Havre St-Pierre flanked by the western Wakeham (1.27-1.24Ga)-Robe-Noire (1.17 Ga) package”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The 1.50-1.35 Ga domains in the west have mixed Nd model ages and continental arc affinities with some juvenile remnants, correlated with the Granite-Rhyolite Province.

    “mixed Nd model ages and continental arc affinities with some juvenile remnants in the west (e.g., Culshaw et al. 2023), correlated with the Granite-Rhyolite Province (Fig. 1a; Slagstad et al. 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Culshaw et al. 2023 source
    • cites Slagstad et al. 2009 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The subsequent Rigolet phase was of shorter duration and cooler, except for its southern part where granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis was locally reached.

    “the subsequent, shorter duration and cooler Rigolet phase (except for its southern part where granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis was locally reached;Jordan at al. et al. 2023)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jordan at al. et al. 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    In the eastern and western parts of the Grenville Province, the Parautochthonous Belt and the adjacent part of the hinterland share similarities in ages and formation settings of protoliths and represent portions of similar crustal age domains reworked at different depths and times during the Grenvillian orogeny.

    “in the eastern and western parts of the Grenville Province the Parautochthonous Belt and the adjacent part of the hinterland share similarities in terms of ages and formation settings of protoliths (ex.Brit / Kiosk domains, e.g., Culshaw et al. 2016; Groswater Bay / Lac Melville / Mealy Mountain terranes, Corrigan et al. 2000) (Fig. 2) and represent portions of similar crustal age domains reworked”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Culshaw et al. 2016 source
    • cites Corrigan et al. 2000 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The southern part of the Parautochthonous Belt in Ontario preserves a record of mid- to late-Ottawan ages including ca.1035 Ma in southern Britt domain and 1040-1032 Ma in Tomico domain.

    “the southern part of the Parautochthonous Belt in Ontario preserves record of mid-to late-Ottawan ages including ca.1035 Ma in southern Britt domain (U-Pb monazite Corrigan et al. 1994) and 1040-1032 Ma in Tomico domain (U-Pb monazite, LA-ICP-MS; Culshaw et al. 2023)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Corrigan et al. 1994 source
    • cites Culshaw et al. 2023 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    In the Adirondack highlands, most Grenvillian ages are 1060 Ma or younger, with some monazite domains as young as Rigolet.

    “the Adirondack highlands, where most Grenvillian ages are 1060 Ma or younger (e.g., monazite by EMPA, Williams et al. 2019; U-Pb zircon by LA-ICP-MS, Metzger et al. 2021; Shinevar et al. 2021) with some monazite domains as young as Rigolet”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Williams et al. 2019 source
    • cites Metzger et al. 2021 source
    • cites Shinevar et al. 2021 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Tectonic interpretations inferred the development of an orogenic plateau during the Ottawan phase.

    “and inferred the development of an orogenic plateau (Culshaw et al. 1997;Jamieson et al. 2007;Rivers 2008).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Culshaw et al. 1997 source
    • cites Jamieson et al. 2007 source
    • cites Rivers 2008 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Allochthonous units were far-travelled in the west but not in the east.

    “and allochthonous units were far-travelled in the west but not in the east.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Based on size, duration and overall configuration, the Grenville orogen is commonly compared to the modern-day Himalaya-Tibet.

    “Based on size, duration and overall configuration, the Grenville orogen is commonly compared to the modern-day Himalaya-Tibet (Hynes and Rivers 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hynes and Rivers 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Numerical models of syn-to post-convergence gravitational spreading involving hot nappe extrusion and crustal blocks of different strengths were used to reproduce key orogenic features in western Grenville Province.

    “Numerical models of syn-to post-convergence gravitational spreading involving hot nappe extrusion and crustal blocks of different strengths, were used to reproduce key orogenic features in western Grenville Province (Jamieson et al. 2007(Jamieson et al. , 2010;;Jamieson and Beaumont 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Jamieson et al. 2007 source
    • cites Jamieson et al. 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Jamieson and Beaumont 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationnone given

    There is growing evidence towards a continuum between the Ottawan and Rigolet orogenic phases.

    “In addition, there is growing evidence towards a continuum between the Ottawan and Rigolet orogenic phases.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These are the only Grenvillian-age granites reported so far province-wide from the orogenic superstructure and provide a link with high-T processes at depth that is missing from the Orogenic Lid in the NE.

    “These are the only Grenvillian-age granites reported so far province-wide from the orogenic superstructure and provide a link with high-T processes at depth that is missing from the Orogenic Lid in the NE.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The data point to a protracted tectonothermal evolution in the time interval between Ottawan and Rigolet and add to growing evidence that there is no gap between the two orogenic phases.

    “Collectively the data point to a protracted tectonothermal evolution in the time interval between Ottawan and Rigolet and adds to the growing evidence that there is no gap between the two orogenic phases.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Juvenile crust is best documented in Quebecia, where pericratonic slivers are inferred to have rifted away from Laurentia at ~1.50 Ga and accreted back at ~1.43-1.37Ga.

    “Juvenile crust is best documented in Quebecia, where pericratonic slivers are inferred to have rifted away from Laurentia at ~1.50 Ga and accreted back at ~1.43-1.37Ga (Groulier et al. 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Groulier et al. 2020 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The general configuration of Laurentia consists of a nucleus of Archean blocks stitched by Paleoproterozoic orogens (internal Laurentia), rimmed by a belt of Paleo-to Mesoproterozoic rocks to the SE in present-day coordinates (external Laurentia).

    “the general configuration of Laurentia has been established since the 1980's (Hoffman 1988), as consisting of a nucleus of Archean blocks stitched by Paleoproterozoic orogens (internal Laurentia), rimmed by a belt of Paleo-to Mesoproterozoic rocks to the SE in present-day coordinates (external Laurentia; Fig. 1a; see Whitmeyer and Karlstrom 2007).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Hoffman 1988

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Whitmeyer and Karlstrom 2007

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Both Labradorian and 1.50-1.35Ga domains have age-correlatives on the US part of the margin.

    “both having agecorrelatives on the US part of the margin (Whitmeyer and Karlstrom 2007; Figs.1a, 1b).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Whitmeyer and Karlstrom 2007

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Overall, high-T magmatism spans the entire range of the Grenvillian orogeny and is a striking but still poorly understood element of the Grenville orogen.

    “Overall, the high-T magmatism spans the entire range of the Grenvillian orogeny and is a striking but still poorly understood element of the Grenville orogen.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Ottawan-age for the Lyon Mountain granite is disputed by Aleinikoff et al. (2021) who argue that the zircon rims are metamorphic.

    “The Ottawan-age for the Lyon Mountain granite is disputed by Aleinikoff et al. (2021) who argue that the zircon rims are metamorphic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Aleinikoff et al. (2021) source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Plus Value sequence contains abundant anatectic metapelite-metagreywake but even there, besides rare decametric granitic layers interpreted to represent migrated anatectic melt, S type granites are inconspicuous.

    “This sequence contains abundant anatectic metapelite-metagreywake but even there, besides rare decametric granitic layers interpreted to represent migrated anatectic melt (Mendoza-Marin 2023), S type granites are inconspicuous.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mendoza-Marin 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In the west, the Lyon Mountain granite marks the NW extensional detachment of the mid-P Adirondacks domal structure around the 1.16-1.13Ga Marcy anorthosite, which was active at 1.07-1.06Ga.

    “In the west, the Lyon Mountain granite (Fig. 7) marks the NW extensional detachment of the mid-P Adirondacks domal structure around the 1.16-1.13Ga Marcy anorthosite, which was active at 1.07-1.06Ga (Reagan et al. 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Reagan et al. 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    They include the 1.08-1.05Ga Parc-des-Laurentides Complex and the ~1.06 Ga-1.01 Ga Varin monzonite, adjacent to the ca 1.16-1.14Ga Lac St-Jean and Valin anorthosites respectively.

    “They include the 1.08-1.05Ga Parc-des-Laurentides Complex and the ~1.06 Ga-1.01 Ga Varin monzonite, adjacent to the ca 1.16-1.14Ga Lac St-Jean and Valin anorthosites respectively (Fig. 7; see refs in Indares 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The Shawinigan orogeny is included by some authors in the Grenvillian orogeny sensu lato.

    “and is included by some authors in the Grenvillian orogeny sensu lato (e.g., Corrigan and Hanmer 1997;Culshaw et al. 2023).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Corrigan and Hanmer 1997

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Culshaw et al. 2023 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    Grenvillian anorthosites are associated in space with the 1.16-1.13 AMCG suites in the central and eastern Grenville but are much smaller.

    “The Grenvillian anorthosites range in age between 1.08 and 1.01 Ga; they are associated in space with the 1.16-1.13AMCG suites in the central and eastern Grenville but are much smaller (Fig. 7).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The southernmost exposures of Gagnon Group in the Manicouagan area reached high-P granulite facies conditions (~1300 MPa -830 oC) with well constrained ages at 1000-985 Ma.

    “In contrast, the southernmost exposures of Gagnon Group in the Manicouagan area (Fig. 3) reached high-P granulite facies conditions (~1300 MPa -830 o C, predicted by phase equilibria modeling in pelitic rocks, Indares et al. 2008) with well constrained ages at 1000-985 Ma (U-Pb zircon and monazite; Jordan et al. 1995;Jannin et al. 2018a, b;Labat et al. 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Indares et al. 2008 source
    • cites Jordan et al. 1995

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Jannin et al. 2018a, b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    A widely invoked temporal framework for the hinterland involves early crustal thickening from ~1090 to 1080-1060 Ma followed by extension.

    “A widely invoked temporal framework for the hinterland involves early crustal thickening from ~1090 to 1080-1060 Ma followed by extension (Rivers 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers 2012 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The external Laurentia belt, also known as Great Proterozoic Accretionary Orogen, records crustal growth for over 500 Myr in arc systems at or peripheral to the margin and accreted to Laurentia before the assembly of Rodinia.

    “latter belt, also known as Great Proterozoic Accretionary Orogen (Condie 2013), records crustal growth for over 500 Myr in arc systems at or peripheral to the margin and accreted to Laurentia before the assembly of Rodinia.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Condie 2013 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Low-P segments show (mostly) late Ottawan to Rigolet ages with evidence of poly-metamorphism.

    “Finally, the Low-P segments show (mostly) late Ottawan, to Rigolet ages (Figs 3, 6) with evidence of poly-metamorphism.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    Overall, Grenvillian-age magmatism in Quebecia shows a continuum with no break between Ottawan and Rigolet, and no temporal/spatial trends.

    “Overall, Grenvillian-age magmatism in D r a f t 26 Quebecia shows a continuum with no break between Ottawan and Rigolet, and no temporal/spatial trends (Indares 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Lyon Mountain granite is interpreted to represent remelting of AMCG dominated lower crust based on zircon populations with ~1.14 Ga inherited cores, and to have crystallized at ca. 1.05 Ga.

    “The granite is interpreted to represent remelting of AMCG dominated lower crust based on zircon populations with ~1.14 Ga inherited cores, and to have crystalized at ca. 1.05 Ga (age of zircon rims inferred to be igneous by Chiarenzelli et al. 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Chiarenzelli et al. 2017

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    These rocks are concentrated in three broad areas: Adirondack-Frontenac and Composite Arc Belts (western Grenville), Quebecia (central Grenville) and Pinware terrane (eastern Grenville), with a marked association in space between large, early-to mid-Ottawan A-type granitoid intrusions and 1.16-1.13Ga AMCG suites in the western and central Grenville.

    “These rocks are concentrated in three broad areas: Adirondack-Frontenac and Composite Arc Belts (western Grenville), Quebecia (central Grenville) and Pinware terrane (eastern Grenville), with a marked association in space between large, early-to mid-Ottawan A-type granitoid intrusions and 1.16-1.13Ga AMCG suites in the western?and central Grenville (Fig. 7).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    A pan-margin orogenic belt active between 1.52 and 1.34 Ga was recently proposed (Picouris-Baraboo-Pinwarian orogen).

    “within this framework, a pan-margin orogenic belt active between 1.52 and 1.34 Ma was recently proposed (Picouris-Baraboo-Pinwarian orogen; Daniel et al. 2023)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Daniel et al. 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Documented occurrences of S-type granites are limited to two Rigolet-age cases: two-mica granites in the low-P Escoumins supracrustal belt, suggesting crustal melting at depth, and peraluminous granitic pegmatites in the Mid-P segment above the Parautochthonous Belt in Manicouagan, linked to melting of underlying Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust.

    “Documented occurrences are limited to two Rigolet-age cases: two-mica granites in the low-P Escoumins supracrustal belt, suggesting crustal melting at depth (Groulier et al. 2018), and peraluminous granitic pegmatites in the Mid-P segment above the Parautochthonous Belt in Manicouagan, linked to melting of underlying Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust (Turlin et al. 2019).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Groulier et al. 2018 source
    • cites Turlin et al. 2019 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Anatectic metapelites are also reported in other locations of the Mid-P segment, including the 1.1Ga St Boniface group and the Lac Melville terrane, but their metamorphic history is poorly known.

    “Anatectic metapelites are also reported in other locations of the Mid-P segment, including the 1.1Ga St Boniface group (Corrigan and van Breemen1997) and the Lac Melville terrane (Corrigan et al. 2000) but their metamorphic history is poorly known.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Corrigan and van Breemen1997

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Corrigan et al. 2000 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    In central Grenville, high-grade metamorphism was younger and of shorter duration in the High-P segment relative to the Mid-P segment.

    “Collectively, the data suggest that in central Grenville high-grade metamorphism was not only younger, but also of shorter duration in the High-P segment relative to the Mid-P segment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Such rocks seem absent from elsewhere in the Grenville Province, with similarly young ages only found in some inliers, and have been tentatively attributed to late stages of orogenic collapse.

    “Such rocks seem absent from elsewhere in the Grenville Province, with similarly young ages only found in some inliers, and have been tentatively attributed to late stages of orogenic collapse (Rivers et al. 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers et al. 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The reactivated Geon 12 extensional structures may be even older, if they are related to the eastern margin of Quebecia.

    “that may be even older, if they are related to the eastern margin of Quebecia.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Interpretationcitation

    It is possible that ascent of anorthosites borrowed lithospheric-scale discontinuities inherited from ca.1.40Ga subduction dynamics.

    “It is therefore possible that their ascent borrowed lithospheric-scale discontinuities inherited from ca.1.40Ga subduction dynamics (Indares 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The Morin and Marcy complexes have been attributed to post-orogenic removal of thickened mantle lithosphere.

    “and have been attributed to post-orogenic removal of thickened mantle lithosphere (Corrigan and Hanmer 1997).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Corrigan and Hanmer 1997

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The early Ottawan ages of mid-P rocks in central Grenville are derived from monazite cores, while the rims are texturally distinct and have Rigolet ages.

    “The age range for the mid-P rocks is early Otttawan (1080-1060 Ma; ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS), is recorded at the scale of individual samples, and is derived from monazite cores while the rims are texturally distinct and have Rigolet ages D r a f t (Dunning and Indares 2010;Lasalle et al. 2014).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Dunning and Indares 2010 source
    • cites Lasalle et al. 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In Quebecia and vicinity, there is an assortment of smaller granite/monzonite, mangerite and alkaline bodies emplaced intermittently between ca.1.08 and 1.02 Ga, the oldest of which (ca. 1086 Ma Bon-Desir granite) is exposed in the low-P Escoumins supracrustal Belt.

    “In Quebecia and vicinity, there is also an assortment of smaller granite/monzonite, mangerite and alkaline bodies emplaced intermittently between ca.1.08 and 1.02 Ga, the oldest of which (ca. 1086 Ma Bon-Desir granite) is exposed in the low-P Escoumins supracrustal Belt (Groulier et al. 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Groulier et al. 2018 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    The Grenville Province spans across the boundary between internal and external Laurentia and largely consists of reworked equivalents of external Laurentia.

    “The Grenville Province spans across the boundary between internal and external Laurentia, and largely consists of reworked equivalents of the latter.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Record of thrusting is only rarely preserved and is early Ottawan (ca.1080 Ma), coeval with peak metamorphism in the Mid-P segment.

    “Record of thrusting is only rarely preserved and is early Ottawan (ca.1080 Ma), coeval with peak metamorphism in the Mid-P segment (e.g., syntectonic pegmatites in Shawinigan and Mekinak-Taureau domains, Fig. 3; D r a f t 22 Corrigan and van Breemen 1997;Soucy La Roche et al. 2015).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Corrigan and van Breemen 1997 source
    • cites Soucy La Roche et al. 2015

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Plus Value passive margin-like sequence is inferred to have formed following rifting of pericratonic segments at 1.50 Ga in Quebecia and covers now ~1000 km2 in central Grenville Province.

    “An exception is the Plus Value passive margin-like sequence, inferred to have formed following rifting of pericratonic segments at 1.50 Ga in Quebecia and which covers now ~1000 km 2 in central Grenville Province (see Indares 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    The granitoids range in size from km-scale plutons to several 100s of km2 MCG complexes with the large majority of the latter in close proximity to 1.16-1.13 AMCG suites.

    “The granitoids range in size from km-scale plutons to several 100s of km 2 MCG complexes with the large majority of the later in close proximity to 1.16-1.13AMCG suites (Fig. 7).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Gagnon Group shows a complete sequence from muscovite-chlorite via kyanite-staurolite to kyanite-K-feldspar assemblages adjacent to Molson Lake terrane that was metamorphosed under eclogite-facies conditions with omphacite-garnet coronas in metagabbros.

    “Gagnon Group shows a D r a f t complete sequence from muscovite-chlorite via kyanite-staurolite to kyanite-K-feldspar assemblages adjacent to Molson Lake terrane (Fig. 3) that was metamorphosed under eclogitefacies conditions with omphacite-garnet coronas in metagabbros (e.g., Indares and Rivers 1995).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares and Rivers 1995 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Partial melting of mafic rocks is invoked for the origin of the Gore Mountain amphibolite in the inner part of the Adirondack domal structure.

    “Partial melting of mafic rocks is also invoked for the origin of the Gore Mountain amphibolite in the inner part of this structure, (Ferrero et al. 2021; see subsection 3.1.1.2) but the heat source (or D r a f t tectonic setting) for melting of this refractory crust is not addressed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ferrero et al. 2021 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In the southern rim of the High-P segment, monazite shows tight age ranges at the sample scale and a younging trend towards the east from 1040 to 1015 Ma (ID-TIMS).

    “In the southern rim of the High-P segment monazite shows tight age ranges at the sample scale and a younging trend towards the east from 1040 to 1015 Ma (ID-TIMS; Indares and Dunning 2001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares and Dunning 2001 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Rivers (2008, 2012) attributed the final crustal architecture to orogenic collapse in an overall convergence setting, with concomitant development of crustal-scale core complexes.

    “In contrast, Rivers (2008Rivers ( , 2012) ) attributed the final crustal architecture to orogenic collapse in an overall convergence setting, with concomitant development of crustal-scale core complexes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rivers 2008 source
    • cites Rivers 2012 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Recent data reveal a far more complex organisation of the Allochthon Boundary as a whole, involving considerable younging of the boundary from the western to the central Grenville.

    “These recent data reveal a far more complex organisation of the Allochthon Boundary as a whole, involving considerable younging of the boundary from the western to the central Grenville.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These features point to fundamental lateral variations along the Allochthon Boundary, and 'far-travelled' at the scale of the hinterland may be misleading.

    “Collectively, these features point to fundamental lateral variations along the boundary, and 'far-travelled' at the scale of the hinterland may be misleading.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The thickness of orogenic crust in the Mesoproterozoic has been recently questioned by Spencer et al. (2021) on the grounds of higher geothermal gradients and zircon trace element patterns.

    “The thickness of orogenic crust in the Mesoproterozoic has been recently questioned by Spencer et al. (2021) on the grounds of higher geothermal gradients and zircon trace element patterns (e.g., Tang et al. 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Spencer et al. (2021) source
    • cites Tang et al. 2021

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Grenville orogen can be envisaged as wide, hot, but possibly low standing.

    “and in either case gives incentive to envisage the Grenville orogen as wide, hot, but possibly low standing.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The data are consistent with thicker orogenic crust in the west relative to the central Grenville, but their representativeness is ill constrained.

    “Overall, the data are consistent with thicker orogenic crust in the west relative to the central Grenville, but their representativeness is ill constrained.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Several major domain boundaries within the hinterland record deformation from mid-Ottawan to Rigolet, including localized 1035-1000 Ma compression in central Grenville.

    “In addition, several major domain boundaries within the hinterland record deformation from mid-Ottawan to Rigolet, including localized 1035-1000 Ma compression in central Grenville (Gosselin et al. 2023).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gosselin et al. 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    A consistent feature in the Mid-P segment is the absence of peak cordierite in aluminous rocks; for average residual metapelite compositions this places a minimum P limit at about 600 MPa (e.g., 22 km minimum depth).

    “On the other hand, a consistent feature in the Mid-P segment is the absence of peak cordierite in aluminous rocks; for average residual metapelite compositions this places a minimum P limit at about 600 MPa (see Fig. 4), e.g., 22 km minimum depth.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The Allochthon Boundary itself was formed diachronically along its length, with early thrust activity of Ottawan age in the west (pre-1020 Ma) and of Rigolet age in central Grenville (990 Ma).

    “Most importantly, the Allochthon Boundary itself was formed diachronically along its length, with early thrust activity of Ottawan age in the west (pre-1020 Ma; Culshaw et al. 1997) and of Rigolet age in central Grenville (990 Ma; Labat et al. 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Culshaw et al. 1997 source
    • cites Labat et al. 2020 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    On the hinterland side, the metamorphic age range of the High-P segment in central Grenville Province is late-to post-Ottawan, while extrusion of this segment over the Parautochthonous Belt occurred shortly after, during the Rigolet.

    “On the hinterland side, the metamorphic age range of the High-P segment in central Grenville Province is late-to post-Ottawan (e.g., Lotout et al. 2023), while extrusion of this segment over the Parautochthonous Belt D r a f t 30 occurred shortly after, during the Rigolet (Labat et al. 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Lotout et al. 2023 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

    • cites Labat et al. 2020 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The P-T estimates for the High-P segments of the hinterland are in the intermediate dT/dP field which is inferred to represent mountain belts in collisional settings.

    “The P-T estimates for the High-P segments of the hinterland are in the intermediate dT/dP field (Fig. 5) which is inferred to represent mountain belts in collisional settings (Brown and Johnson 2019).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brown and Johnson 2019 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The age data in the mid-P hinterland place the peak of metamorphism early (somewhere between 1085 and 1060 Ma), while younger metamorphic ages are coeval with normal sense/transtensional activity in major shear zones that collectively spans for over 40 Myr.

    “The age data in the mid-P hinterland place the peak of metamorphism early (somewhere between 1085 and 1060 Ma), while younger metamorphic ages are coeval with normal sense /transtensional activity in major shear zones that collectively spans for over 40 Myr.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    Crustal depths at peak metamorphic conditions in the Mid-P segment are 30-40 km for Manicouagan and 40-45 km for mid-P granulite in Shawanaga and for UHT metamorphism in Adirondack Highlands.

    “Crustal depths at peak metamorphic conditions in the Mid-P segment may further inform on orogenic crustal thickness in the hinterland, but modern P-T data are sparse and from far apart (Figs. 3, 5; 30-40 km for Manicouagan; 40-45 km for mid-P granulite in Shawanaga and for UHT metamorphism in Adirondack Highlands).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Allochthon Boundary is unevenly manifested and diachronically developed along the length of the Province.

    “and the boundary is unevenly manifested and diachronically developed along the length of the Province;”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Although fertile rock types with widespread evidence of anatexis are present, S-type granite productivity during the Grenvillian orogeny remains a poorly explored topic.

    “Overall, although fertile rock types with widespread evidence of anatexis are present, S-type granite productivity during the Grenvillian orogeny remains a poorly explored topic.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premiseown data

    More robust monazite and recent garnet dates constrained the high-P metamorphism to be diachronous between 1.04 to 1.01 Ga, while monazite ages in the overlying Mid-P segment are older (1.08 to 1.04 Ga).

    “However, more robust monazite and recent garnet dates constrained this high-P metamorphism to be diachronous between 1.04 to 1.01 Ga, while monazite ages in the overlying Mid-P segment are older (1.08 to 1.04 Ga).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In central Grenville, the crustal domain SE of the St. Fulgence-Pipmouacan deformation system records low-P metamorphic signatures but is also dominated by 1.15-1.05Ga plutonic complexes and shows the highest concentration of syn orogenic high-T magmatism at the scale of the province.

    “In central Grenville, the crustal domain SE of the St. Fulgence-Pipmouacan deformation system records low-P metamorphic signatures (Indares 2020; Figs 2, 3) but is also dominated by 1.15-1.05Ga plutonic complexes and shows the highest concentration of syn orogenic high-T magmatism at the scale of the province (Fig. 7);”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Numerical modelling generally predicts wide orogenic hinterlands with abundant syn-orogenic magmatism (in some models), lower elevations and enhanced syn-orogenic extension in the Mesoproterozoic.

    “numerical modelling (ex.Sizova et al., 2014) generally predicts wide orogenic hinterlands with abundant syn-orogenic magmatism (in some models), lower elevations and enhanced syn-orogenic extension in the Mesoproterozoic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sizova et al., 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    In the hinterland, high-T magmatism, implying a mantle component in the source, covers the entire range of the Grenvillian orogeny, and attests for enhanced mantle heat input in the orogenic crust during metamorphism.

    “In the hinterland, high-T magmatism, implying a mantle component in the source, covers the entire range of the Grenvillian orogeny, and attests for enhanced mantle heat input in the orogenic crust during metamorphism.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Adding the earlier 1.16-1.13Ga AMCG suites, a hot active mantle is inferred for over 180 Myr, following cessation of active margin processes and closure of the Laurentian margin.

    “Adding the earlier 1.16-1.13Ga AMCG suites, a hot active mantle is inferred for over 180 Myr, following cessation of active margin processes and closure of the Laurentian margin.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Far-travelled allochthons identified in the west originated in pericratonic terranes accreted to Laurentia shortly before the Grenvillian orogeny, while documented tectonic transport in central Grenville relates to older, 1.40-1.35Ga thrusting of pericratonic units of Quebecia onto Laurentia.

    “Far-travelled allochthons identified in the west (e.g., Parry Sound domain, Wodicka et al. 1996), originated in pericratonic terranes accreted to Laurentia shortly before the Grenvillian orogeny, while documented tectonic transport in central Grenville relates to older, 1.40-1.35Ga thrusting of pericratonic units of Quebecia onto Laurentia.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wodicka et al. 1996 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    It is possible that most of the eastern hinterland consists of relatively rigid blocks (Orogenic Lid and Pinware terrane) rimmed to the east by a well-defined, narrow mid-P stripe (Lac Melville Terrane).

    “Instead, it raises the possibility that most of the eastern hinterland consists of relatively rigid blocks (Orogenic Lid and Pinware terrane) rimmed to the east by a well-defined, narrow mid-P stripe (Lac Melville Terrane, Fig. 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Interpretationcitation

    The presence of an Ottawan orogenic plateau of Tibetan scale was advocated for the entire hinterland by Rivers (2008).

    “Subsequently, the presence of an Ottawan orogenic plateau of Tibetan scale was advocated for the entire hinterland by Rivers (2008).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers (2008) source

  • It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Premisecitation

    The rest of the high-T magmatism, together with the Geon 11 AMCGs, is associated in space to formerly pericratonic arc/backarc systems: the Adirondack-Frontenac and Composite Arc belts that were assembled and accreted to Laurentia at ca. 1.22-1.16Ga, and Quebecia that represents rifting of the Laurentian margin and re-amalgamation of pericratonic slivers at ca. 1.50-1.38Ga.

    “The rest, together with the Geon 11 AMCGs, is associated in space to formerly pericratonic arc/backarc systems: the Adirondack-Frontenac and Composite Arc belts that were assembled and accreted to Laurentia at ca. 1.22-1.16Ga (e.g., Carr et al. 2000), and”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Carr et al. 2000 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

    • cites Groulier et al. 2020 source
    • cites Dickin et. al. 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Rodinia assembly is attributed to two-side subduction, leading to final collision between two active margins lacking older strong basements.

    “In the wider context, Rodinia assembly is attributed to two-side subduction, leading to final collision between two active margins lacking older strong basements (e.g., Cawood and Pisarevsky 2017;Spencer et al. 2013;Martin et al. 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Cawood and Pisarevsky 2017 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

    • cites Spencer et al. 2013 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

    • cites Martin et al. 2020 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Older, pre-Grenvillian S-type granites are inconspicuous, while older ferroan granites are common.

    “In addition, older, pre-Grenvillian S-type D r a f t 28 granites are inconspicuous, while older ferroan granites are common (e.g., Indares et al. 2023).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares et al. 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The Tibetan-scale plateau interpretation may be an overgeneralisation, as numerical modelling was of limited success in central Grenville and the extent of the Mid-P segment in eastern Grenville is questionable because Pinware Terrane records late Ottawan ages and lacks evidence for Ottawan high-T metamorphism and pervasive ductile fabrics.

    “However, this may be an overgeneralisation, as for instance: (a) numerical modelling was of limited success in central Grenville (Jamieson et al. 2010), and (b) the extent of the Mid-P segment in eastern Grenville is questionable because Pinware Terrane (Fig. 3) records late Ottawan ages and lacks evidence for”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Jamieson et al. 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Gower and Krogh 2002 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The global representativeness of the zircon approach is contentious and, based on modelling of relevant parameters, Yakymchuk et al. (2023) made a case against using Eu anomalies in zircon as proxy for crustal thickness.

    “The global representativeness of the zircon approach is contentious and, based on modelling of relevant parameters, Yakymchuk et al. (2023) made a case against using Eu anomalies in zircon as proxy for crustal thickness.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Yakymchuk et al. (2023) source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    A double-thickness crust under the plateau was inferred in the numerical models, but also based on local exposure of high-P rocks.

    “Additionally, a double-thickness crust under the plateau was inferred in the numerical models, but also based on local exposure of high-P rocks (e.g., Rivers et al. 2012).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers et al. 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    It is generally accepted that subduction was beneath Laurentia throughout the development of the Great Proterozoic Accretionary Orogen but traditional interpretations consider Laurentia to have transitioned to a lower plate setting in the Grenvillian orogeny.

    “It is generally accepted that subduction was beneath Laurentia throughout the development of the Great Proterozoic Accretionary Orogen but traditional interpretations consider Laurentia to have transitioned to a lower plate setting in the Grenvillian orogeny (Hynes and Rivers 2010).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hynes and Rivers 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    The Parautochthonous Belt was largely built on the more rigid internal Laurentia, whereas the hinterland developed on the diverse, formerly active margin of external Laurentia.

    “The Parautochthonous Belt was largely built on the more rigid internal Laurentia, whereas the hinterland developed on the diverse, formerly active margin of external Laurentia.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Allochthons were far-traveled in the west but there is no evidence for this in the east.

    “allochthons were far-traveled in the west but there is no evidence for this in the east;”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These trends point to a continuum between the two orogenic phases across the Allochthon Boundary, and in tectonic activity within the hinterland.

    “Overall, these trends point to a continuum between the two orogenic phases across the Allochthon Boundary, and in tectonic activity within the hinterland.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Early lithospheric structures of the Laurentian margin may have played a role both in the final orogenic configuration and in focalising the protracted syn-orogenic high-T magmatism in the hinterland of the orogen.

    “Early lithospheric structures of the Laurentian margin may have played a role both in the final orogenic configuration and in focalising the protracted syn-orogenic high-T magmatism in the hinterland of the orogen.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The western High-P segment records an early stage of crustal thickening followed by transfer to the middle crust by the mid-Ottawan, with heating at granulite-facies conditions at depths of 40-45 km.

    “They rather record an early stage of crustal thickening followed by transfer to the middle crust by D r a f t the mid-Ottawan, with heating at granulite-facies conditions at depths of 40-45 km (Fig. 5).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The lower plate interpretation was mainly based on the craton-ward polarity of major shear zones and high-grade metamorphism but remains contentious.

    “The latter was mainly based on the craton-ward polarity of major shear zones and high-grade metamorphism but remains contentious (Swanson-Hysell et al. 2023).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Swanson-Hysell et al. 2023

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    P-T conditions fall in the high dT/dP field which is inferred to represent orogenic hinterlands, and the overall data are in line with other estimates for Mesoproterozoic orogens compiled by Brown and Johnson (2018).

    “In either case, P-T conditions fall in the high dT/dP field (Fig. 5) which is inferred represent orogenic hinterlands, and the overall data are in line with other estimates for Mesoproterozoic orogens compiled by Brown and Johnson (2018).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brown and Johnson (2018)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Using Eu anomalies in detrital zircon and (La/Yb) ratios in felsic to intermediate rocks from the Grenville Province, Brudner et al. (2022) inferred pulses of thickening and thinning with no evidence for a continuous long-lasting plateau, and maximum crustal thickness 20 km less than the thickness beneath the present-day Tibet.

    “Subsequently, using Eu anomalies in detrital zircon and (La/Yb) ratios in felsic to intermediate rocks from the Grenville Province, Brudner et al. (2022) inferred pulses of thickening and thinning with no evidence for a continuous long-lasting plateau, and maximum crustal thickness 20 km less than the thickness beneath the present-day Tibet.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brudner et al. (2022)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Extension active for most of the Ottawan phase in the hinterland following early culmination of granulite-facies metamorphism with high dT/dP thermobaric gradients in the Mid-P segment, and protracted high-T syn-orogenic magmatism, are consistent with a weak lithosphere and active mantle in external Laurentia.

    “In addition, extension active for most of the Ottawan phase in the hinterland following early culmination of granulite-facies metamorphism with high dT/dP thermobaric gradients in the Mid-P segment, and protracted high-T syn-orogenic magmatism, are consistent with a weak lithosphere and active mantle in external Laurentia.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Some control of the earlier Laurentian-margin structure on the configuration of hinterland becomes a viable hypothesis.

    “Adding to the above examples the potential link between syn-orogenic magmatism and earlier lithospheric structures, some control of the earlier Laurentian-margin structure on the configuration of hinterland becomes a viable hypothesis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    In both instances the lithotectonic domains in question coincide with unique, specific settings of the Laurentian margin: the core of Quebecia in the case of the central Grenville, and the most coherent continental arc segment in the case of Pinware terrane.

    “In both instances the lithotectonic domains in question coincide with unique, specific settings of the Laurenian margin: the core of Quebecia in the case of the central Grenville, and the most coherent continental arc segment (at the scale of the Province) in the case of Pinware terrane (Figs 3,7).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    In the east where Pinware terrane is a coherent part of a ca.1.52-1.45Ga continental arc system, record of tectonic transport of allochthons is missing and the mere presence of the Allochthon Boundary is uncertain.

    “Furthermore, in the east where Pinware terrane is a coherent part of a ca.1.52-1.45Ga continental arc system, record of tectonic transport of allochthons is missing and the mere presence of the Allochthon Boundary is uncertain (Figs. 2, 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisereasoning

    The Parautochthonous Belt represents a continuous feature at the scale of the Grenville Province, whereas the hinterland exhibits conspicuous along-strike variations.

    “The Parautochthonous Belt represents a continuous feature at the scale of the Grenville Province, whereas the hinterland exhibits conspicuous along-strike variations, as for instance differences in:”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
94 of 94

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Grenville Province holds a record of Mesoproterozoic orogenic processes at the Laurentian margin during the assembly of Rodinia.

    “The Grenville Province holds record of Mesoproterozoic orogenic processes at the Laurentian margin during the assembly of Rodinia.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The transition between the Ottawan and Rigolet phases remains poorly constrained.

    “Additionally, the transition between the Ottawan and Rigolet phases remains poorly constrained.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Grenville orogen is commonly compared to the modern-day Himalaya-Tibet based on size, duration and overall configuration.

    “Based on size, duration and overall configuration, the Grenville orogen is commonly compared to the modern-day Himalaya-Tibet (Hynes and Rivers 2010).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The compiled metamorphic ages from different dating methods and studies are comparable enough to define regional age trends.

    “Although it is difficult to: fully assess most of the older dataset for the reason discussed earlier; and compare dates obtained by there are trends worth discussing.”
4 of 4

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Picouris-Baraboo-Pinwarian belt age is given in Ma instead of Ga

    Minor

    The text dates the belt to 1.52-1.34 Ma, whereas the cited reference describes it as 1520-1340 Ma-a factor of 1,000 older.

  • Western high-pressure metamorphism is dated as both 1.09 Ma and 1.09 Ga

    Minor

    The discussion gives the western age as 1.09 Ma, but earlier gives the same western high-pressure metamorphism an age of about 1.09 Ga.

2 of 2

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 99 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025%3c0061:aargit%3e2.3.co;2 · DOI
  2. Corriveau L. 1985. Physical conditions of the regional and the retrograde metamorphism in the pelitic gneiss of the Chicoutimi area, Quebec. M.Sc. thesis, Queen's University, 186p.
  3. Costello K., 2018, Metamorphic evolution of low pressure metapelites in the Escoumins Supracrustal Belt, Central Grenville Province, Quebec
  4. 10.1139/cjes-37-2-3-165 · DOI
  5. Hébert C., 2009, Synthèse Géologique, RG2009-01, 54
  6. 10.1016/0301-268(94)90034-5 · DOI
  7. Rivers T., 2012, In Tectonic styles in Canada: the LITHOPROBE perspective, 97
  8. 10.1016/j.preca · DOI
  9. 10.1130/ges00055.1 · DOI

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Related

Metadata

Authors
Indares, A.
Affiliations
Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
Corresponding author
Indares, Aphrodite
ORCID
Indares, Aphrodite
Venue
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Published
2025-02-01
Volume
62
Issue
2
Pages
99-118
ISSN
  • 0008-4077 (ISSN-L)
  • 1480-3313
DOI
10.1139/cjes-2023-0143
OpenAlex
W4399141117
Semantic Scholar
1c84ff350bb5f1fb731dff7bc134835340439ce8
Cited by
11
References
99
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 4
FWCI
2.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations
  • Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (200386)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological Studies and Exploration
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
Keywords
Grenville Province, Mesoproterozoic orogeny, Rodinia assembly, Laurentian margin, crustal reworking, high-pressure metamorphism, biotite dehydration melting, orogenic plateau, granitoid magmatism, mantle dynamics, crustal extension

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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