Metaphoria: An Algorithmic Companion for Metaphor Creation

Gero, Katy Ilonka; Chilton, Lydia B.

doi:10.1145/3290605.3300526

Cited by 150Artistic and Creative ResearchDesign Education and PracticeInnovative Human-Technology Interaction

Metaphoria: An Algorithmic Companion for Metaphor Creation

Gero, Katy Ilonka, Chilton, Lydia B.·2019·Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

DOI 10.1145/3290605.3300526

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Abstract

Creative writing, from poetry to journalism, is at the crux of human ingenuity and social interaction. Existing creative writing support tools produce entire passages or fully formed sentences, but these approaches fail to adapt to the writer's own ideas and intentions. Instead we posit to build tools that generate ideas coherent with the writer's context and encourage writers to produce divergent outcomes. To explore this, we focus on supporting metaphor creation. We present Metaphoria, an interactive system that generates metaphorical connections based on an input word from the writer. Our studies show that Metaphoria provides more coherent suggestions than existing systems, and supports the expression of writers' unique intentions. We discuss the complex issue of ownership in human-machine collaboration and how to build adaptive creativity support tools in other domains.

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AI involvement may decrease writers' sense of ownership.
“Early work on understanding AI co-writing in creative contexts suggested that AI involvement may decrease writers' sense of ownership [21, 22].”
From Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
In the Formal context, planning support is focused on extending and organizing the user's ideas, often through analogies and cross-domain reasoning.
“Planning support in this context is focused on extending and organizing the user's ideas, often through analogies and cross-domain reasoning [38,62].”
From Co-Writing with AI, on Human Terms: Aligning Research with User Demands Across the Writing Process (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Findings reinforce prior work that identified the importance of these three dimensions.
“Our findings reinforce prior work that has also identified the importance of these three dimensions [31, 33, 71, 92].”
From Which Contributions Deserve Credit? Perceptions of Attribution in Human-AI Co-Creation (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
GenAI's core ability is recognizing patterns from trained data and generating content, allowing human-AI co-creative tasks like writing, drawing, and filmmaking.
“One of the core abilities of GenAI is recognizing patterns from trained data and generating content [1], allowing for human-AI co-creative tasks and activities like writing [21,22,31], drawing [19,36], filmmaking [7,27,56,57] and more.”
From Child-AI Co-Creation: A Review of the Current Research Landscape and a Proposal for Six Design Considerations (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

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Authors: Gero, K. I., & Chilton, L. B.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Gero, Katy Ilonka
Chilton, Lydia B.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher: ACM
Published: 2019-05-02
Pages: 1-12
DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300526
OpenAlex: W2941884113
Cited by: 146
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 171.05
Type: conference paper
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor, 366 d)
Locations: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (DGE - 1644869)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Artistic and Creative Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
Keywords: metaphor production, human-machine collaboration

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Metaphoria: An Algorithmic Companion for Metaphor Creation

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