A Design Space for Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants
Open accessAbstract
In our era of rapid technological advancement, the research landscape for writing assistants has become increasingly fragmented across various research communities. We seek to address this challenge by proposing a design space as a structured way to examine and explore the multidimensional space of intelligent and interactive writing assistants. Through community collaboration, we explore five aspects of writing assistants: task, user, technology, interaction, and ecosystem. Within each aspect, we define dimensions and codes by systematically reviewing 115 papers, while leveraging the expertise of researchers in various disciplines. Our design space aims to offer researchers and designers a practical tool to navigate, comprehend, and compare the various possibilities of writing assistants, and aid in the design of new writing assistants.
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We identified three interface metaphor archetypes that were the most prevalent in commercial AI creative co-writing systems: tool-like, agentic, and magic.
“Based on this review and prior literature [35], we identified three interface metaphor archetypes that were the most prevalent: tool-like, agentic, and magic.”
From Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
The “UI -Interaction Metaphor” section identifies agent and tool metaphors, but its third primary metaphor is hybrid, not magic. The passage also does not establish that the three claimed archetypes are the most prevalent in commercial systems. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLee et al. identified a direct correlation between self-reported ownership and the proportion of user-written versus AI-generated text.
“Lee et al. [74] identified a direct correlation between self-reported ownership and the proportion of user-written versus AI-generated text.”
From Co-Writing with AI, on Human Terms: Aligning Research with User Demands Across the Writing Process (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
The “Relationship to System” passage (page unavailable) says a writer’s sense of ownership may diminish as the proportion of system-generated text increases. That supports the direction of the association, but the paper presents it as a qualified observation from cited work, not a direct correlation it identified between self-reported ownership and the proportions of user- and AI-written text. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the Creative context, support for planning takes the form of generative ideation, usually presented as suggestions, although some systems have a more equal and collaborative storytelling focus that weaves the AI ideas into the story text.
“Support for planning takes the form of generative ideation, usually presented as suggestions [74,135], although some systems have a more equal and collaborative storytelling focus that weaves the AI ideas into the story text [70,92].”
From Co-Writing with AI, on Human Terms: Aligning Research with User Demands Across the Writing Process (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAgency and ownership are key factors in how writers experience AI co-writing.
“Previous work has identified agency and ownership as key factors in how writers experience AI co-writing [35]”
From Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Lee et al. described three interaction metaphors for AI co-writing systems: Agent, Tool, and hybrid.
“Based on a review of prior literature, Lee et al. described three interaction metaphors for AI co-writing systems.”
From Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Interface metaphors have been found to impact the types of interactions that users expect to encounter in AI co-writing systems.
“In the domain of AI co-writing systems, interface metaphors have also been found to impact the types of interactions that users expect to encounter.”
From Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Magic-like interfaces, present in nine systems, did not fall along the Tool-Hybrid-Agent spectrum described by Lee et al.
“Magic-like interfaces , present in nine systems, did not fall along the Tool-Hybrid-Agent spectrum described by Lee et al. [35].”
From Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Lee et al. (2024) emphasized that the effectiveness of a writing assistant often depends on how well it aligns with a user's specific needs.
“Lee et al. (2024) emphasized that the effectiveness of a writing assistant often depends on how well it aligns with a user's specific needs.”
From Ink and algorithm: Exploring temporal dynamics in generative <scp>AI</scp> ‐assisted writing (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
Lee et al. (2024) categorized the outputs of writing assistants into three types: analysis, generation, and proposal.
“Lee et al. (2024) categorized the outputs of writing assistants into three types: analysis, generation and proposal.”
From Ink and algorithm: Exploring temporal dynamics in generative <scp>AI</scp> ‐assisted writing (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
How writers' relationships to systems evolve through extended use, especially in interactions with GAI tools, remains underexplored.
“However, how writers' relationships to systems evolve through extended use (Lee et al., 2024), especially in the context of interactions with GAI tools, remains underexplored.”
From Ink and algorithm: Exploring temporal dynamics in generative <scp>AI</scp> ‐assisted writing (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
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“Another ethical consideration is accommodating the needs and preferences of diverse users, including those from differently-abled, under-represented, and marginalized communities [1, 14, 103].”
Metaphoria: An Algorithmic Companion for Metaphor Creation
Gero, K. I., & Chilton, L. B. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300526 · Cited by 146 · cited 7× · see citing works
“An intelligent writing assistant within this context can provide support for diverse creative endeavors, including writing lyrics [257], crafting metaphors [84], and offering inspiration and assistance for storytelling [187, 220].”
InfluentialSelf-citationEnabling Language Models to Fill in the Blanks
Donahue, C., Lee, M., & Liang, P. (2020) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.225 · Cited by 139 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, for a writing assistant that provides suggestions on filling in between already written story events [62, 86], the system would need to grasp what happened in the preceding and subsequent events in order to coherently connect them.”
Self-citationArgueTutor: An Adaptive Dialog-Based Learning System for Argumentation Skills
Wambsganss, T., Kueng, T., Soellner, M., & Leimeister, J. M. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445781 · Cited by 138 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Outputs that are coherent in terms of grammar, content, and tone”
Vertanen, K., Memmi, H., Emge, J., Reyal, S., & Kristensson, P. O. (2015) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702135 · Cited by 134 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Beyond traits inherent to users, such as primary language and culture, such accommodations should consider user preferences or capabilities like writing expertise and technical proficiency, which may widely vary across educational, socioeconomic and neurocognitive backgrounds.”
Social Dynamics of AI Support in Creative Writing
Gero, K. I., Long, T., & Chilton, L. B. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580782 · Cited by 129 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, such a study has not yet been conducted specifically on writing assistants.”
Self-citationEffects of Language Modeling and its Personalization on Touchscreen Typing Performance
Fowler, A., Partridge, K., Chelba, C., Bi, X., Ouyang, T., & Zhai, S. (2015) · Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702503 · Cited by 127 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Additionally, uses of writing assistants have begun to affect labor markets [24, 69, 182, 183], signifying substantial societal consequences and evidencing the need for monitoring such effects.”
The Writing Pal Intelligent Tutoring System: Usability Testing and Development
Roscoe, R. D., Allen, L. K., Weston, J. L., Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2014) · Computers & composition/Computers and composition · doi:10.1016/j.compcom.2014.09.002 · Cited by 123 · cited 1× · see citing works
“What is the interaction metaphor for the system?”
Where to Hide a Stolen Elephant: Leaps in Creative Writing with Multimodal Machine Intelligence
Singh, N., Bernal, G., Savchenko, D., & Glassman, E. L. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3511599 · Cited by 119 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
Biermann, O. C., Ma, N. F., & Yoon, D. (2022) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3532106.3533506 · Cited by 116 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The demographic profile of users reflects a broad spectrum of their characteristics, highlighting the diversity inherent across various groups of users.”
Accessibility in Software Practice: A Practitioner’s Perspective
Bi, T., Xia, X., Lo, D., Grundy, J., Zimmermann, T., & Ford, D. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/3503508 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Buschek, D., Zürn, M., & Eiband, M. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445372 · Cited by 108 · cited 7× · see citing works
“• Technology : Vipul Raheja (team lead), Subhashini Venu-gopalan (team lead), Seyed Parsa Neshaei (team member), Disha Shrivastava (team member), Antoine Bosselut (advisor), Sherol Chen (advisor), Joonsuk Park (advisor) • Interaction : Hua Shen (team lead), Thiemo Wambsganss (team lead), Sarah Sterman (team member), T…”
InfluentialSelf-citationCompositional Sequence Labeling Models for Error Detection in Learner Writing
Rei, M., & Yannakoudakis, H. (2016) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1112 · Cited by 107 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Bixler, R., & D'Mello, S. K. (2013) · International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/2449396.2449426 · Cited by 106 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Emotion referstotheuser’semotionalstatebefore,during,andafterinter-actingwiththewritingassistant[16,191,255].”
RewriteLM: An Instruction-Tuned Large Language Model for Text RewritingPreprint
Shu, L., Luo, L., Hoskere, J., et al. (2023) · AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.15685 · Cited by 106 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For future work, we hope to continue to refine our dimensions and codes and code commercial writing assistants to further understand the gaps and opportunities in the current research landscape and suggest possible directions for future research and development.”
Sociotechnical Approaches to the Study of Information Systems
Sawyer, S., & Jarrahi, M. (2014) · Computing Handbook, Third Edition · doi:10.1201/b16768-7 · Cited by 103 · cited 1×
“The sociotechnical systems perspective is an interdisciplinary approach [19, 145, 217], widely used in various research fields like HCI [140, 151] and IS [39, 259] to analyze complex interactions involving technology, workflow design, and organizational changes.”
A Cost-Benefit Study of Text Entry Suggestion Interaction
Quinn, P., & Zhai, S. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858305 · Cited by 102 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Another ethical consideration is accommodating the needs and preferences of diverse users, including those from differently-abled, under-represented, and marginalized communities [1, 14, 103].”
Dunlop, M., & Levine, J. (2012) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2208659 · Cited by 99 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Lastly, there are many under-represented or under-explored dimensions in the design space (Section 5.2).”
InfluentialGender-Inclusiveness Personas vs. Stereotyping
Hill, C. G., Haag, M., Oleson, A., Mendez, C., Marsden, N., Sarma, A., & Burnett, M. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025609 · Cited by 98 · cited 1× · see citing works
“System is meant to evoke a sense of another agent acting on the interface or data Tool System is presented as tools, where there is not a sense of interacting with another agent Hybrid System draws from both “agent” and “tool” metaphors”
CoEdIT: Text Editing by Task-Specific Instruction TuningPreprint
Raheja, V., Kumar, D., Koo, R., & Kang, D. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.09857 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationPea, R. D. (2018) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203764411-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationWill AI Console Me when I Lose my Pet? Understanding Perceptions of AI-Mediated Email Writing
Liu, Y., Mittal, A., Yang, D., & Bruckman, A. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517731 · Cited by 92 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Thiruvathukal, G. K., Lu, Y.-H., Kim, J., Chen, Y., & Chen, B. (2022) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003162810 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Intersection of Users, Roles, Interactions, and Technologies in Creativity Support Tools
Chung, J. J. Y., He, S., & Adar, E. (2021) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3461778.3462050 · Cited by 90 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, such a study has not yet been conducted specifically on writing assistants.”
Self-citationPredictive text encourages predictable writing
Arnold, K. C., Chauncey, K., & Gajos, K. Z. (2020) · Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3377325.3377523 · Cited by 87 · cited 8× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
InfluentialEducator perspectives on learning analytics in classroom practice
Shibani, A., Knight, S., & Buckingham Shum, S. (2020) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2020.100730 · Cited by 86 · cited 1× · see citing works
“What is the interaction metaphor for the system?”
Beyond Text Generation: Supporting Writers with Continuous Automatic Text Summaries
Dang, H., Benharrak, K., Lehmann, F., & Buschek, D. (2022) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/3526113.3545672 · Cited by 85 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Understanding age is important when tailoring systems to accommodate the developmental and cognitive characteristics of users across a wide age spectrum, ranging from young, pre-literate children [270] to adolescents [89, 216].”
InfluentialSelf-citationSTORIUM: A Dataset and Evaluation Platform for Machine-in-the-Loop Story Generation
Akoury, N., Wang, S., Whiting, J., Hood, S., Peng, N., & Iyyer, M. (2020) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.525 · Cited by 85 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
Self-citationEvaluation of keystroke savings across five assistive communication technologies
Higginbotham, D. J. (1992) · Augmentative and Alternative Communication · doi:10.1080/07434619212331276303 · Cited by 84 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, uses of writing assistants have begun to affect labor markets [24, 69, 182, 183], signifying substantial societal consequences and evidencing the need for monitoring such effects.”
Dang, H., Goller, S., Lehmann, F., & Buschek, D. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580969 · Cited by 83 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Finally, most ecosystem dimensions are, as previously noted, under-represented, representing a rich area of future study as writing assistants become more widely adopted and the circumstance and context of their adoption becomes increasingly important.”
InfluentialSelf-citationPeng, Z., Guo, Q., Tsang, K. W., & Ma, X. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376695 · Cited by 81 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Understanding age is important when tailoring systems to accommodate the developmental and cognitive characteristics of users across a wide age spectrum, ranging from young, pre-literate children [270] to adolescents [89, 216].”
InfluentialRecognizing syntactic errors in the writing of second language learners
Schneider, D., & McCoy, K. F. (1998) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.3115/980691.980765 · Cited by 79 · cited 3× · see citing works
“A number of works on writing assistants in the early 2000s [26, 157, 192, 221] used purely human-labeled data to develop rule-based methods [26] or train statistical models [10, 192], which were often used to detect errors [26, 192] or suggest corrections.”
InfluentialIntroAssist: A Tool to Support Writing Introductory Help Requests
Hui, J. S., Gergle, D., & Gerber, E. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173596 · Cited by 76 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Meanwhile, persuasive writing aims to convince or influence the audience through text [2, 121], requiring high readability [129] and conciseness [115].”
InfluentialOsone, H., Lu, J.-L., & Ochiai, Y. (2021) · Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411763.3450391 · Cited by 74 · cited 2× · see citing works
“An intelligent writing assistant within this context can provide support for diverse creative endeavors, including writing lyrics [257], crafting metaphors [84], and offering inspiration and assistance for storytelling [187, 220].”
Louis, A. P., & Nenkova, A. (2013) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00232 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Seq2Edits: Sequence Transduction Using Span-level Edit Operations
Stahlberg, F., & Kumar, S. (2020) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.418 · Cited by 74 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…210, 211, 216, 220, 229, 247, 252, 255, 257, 262, 268] • NLP : [3, 9, 11, 26, 29, 35, 37, 38, 43, 48, 54, 56, 68, 77, 77, 88, 93, 96–98, 105, 111, 112, 118, 124, 138, 146, 157, 160–162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 207, 221, 223, 228, 230–232, 238, 241, 246, 250, 251, 254, 258, 264, 267, 271, 272, 275–277]”
Cotos, E., Huffman, S. R., & Link, S. (2020) · Journal of Writing Research · doi:10.17239/jowr-2020.12.01.07 · Cited by 71 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While there were no corpus papers documenting the embedding of writing assistants into established work practices and conventions, we see this beginning to happen in K-12 [215] and higher education [52, 139].”
On Suggesting Phrases vs. Predicting Words for Mobile Text Composition
Arnold, K. C., Gajos, K. Z., & Kalai, A. T. (2016) · Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology · doi:10.1145/2984511.2984584 · Cited by 69 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Lastly, there are many under-represented or under-explored dimensions in the design space (Section 5.2).”
InfluentialIdentifying Semantic Edit Intentions from Revisions in Wikipedia
Yang, D., Halfaker, A., Kraut, R. E., & Hovy, E. H. (2017) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1213 · Cited by 68 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
FELIX: Flexible Text Editing Through Tagging and Insertion
Mallinson, J., Severyn, A., Malmi, E., & Garrido, G. (2020) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.111 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A socio-technical perspective of mobile work
Chen, L., & Nath, R. (2008) · Information Knowledge Systems Management · doi:10.3233/iks-2008-00118 · Cited by 64 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The sociotechnical systems perspective is an interdisciplinary approach [19, 145, 217], widely used in various research fields like HCI [140, 151] and IS [39, 259] to analyze complex interactions involving technology, workflow design, and organizational changes.”
Park, S., Thieme, A., Han, J., Lee, S., Rhee, W., & Suh, B. (2021) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3461778.3462143 · Cited by 62 · cited 6× · see citing works
“We choose this approach because we find it more during the idea generation stage, writers brainstorm and develop concepts.”
InfluentialKim, J., Suh, S., Chilton, L. B., & Xia, H. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3595996 · Cited by 61 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Interaction metaphors shape how the user relates to the system.”
InfluentialEvaluating Human-Language Model Interaction
Lee, M., Srivastava, M., Hardy, A., Thickstun, J., Durmus, E., Paranjape, A., Gerard-Ursin, I., Li, X. L., Ladhak, F., Rong, F., et al. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2212.09746 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomated Evaluation of Writing – 50 Years and Counting
Klebanov, B. B., & Madnani, N. (2020) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.697 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Plan, Write, and Revise: an Interactive System for Open-Domain Story Generation
Goldfarb-Tarrant, S., Feng, H., & Peng, N. (2019) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-4016 · Cited by 57 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Another common purpose is telling a story; narrative applies to tasks whose goal is to convey an account of real [90] and imagined experiences [88, 109, 211].”
Beyond Prompts: Exploring the Design Space of Mixed-Initiative Co-Creativity SystemsPreprint
Lin, Z., Ehsan, U., Agarwal, R., Dani, S., Vashishth, V., & Riedl, M. O. (2023) · ICCC · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.07465 · Cited by 57 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Help me write a poem: Instruction Tuning as a Vehicle for Collaborative Poetry Writing
Chakrabarty, T., Padmakumar, V., & He, H. (2022) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.460 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Story Centaur: Large Language Model Few Shot Learning as a Creative Writing Tool
Swanson, B., Mathewson, K. W., Pietrzak, B., Chen, S., & Dinalescu, M. (2021) · Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-demos.29 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Self-citationAutomated Assistance for Creative Writing with an RNN Language Model
Roemmele, M., & Gordon, A. S. (2018) · Companion Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3180308.3180329 · Cited by 55 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Another common purpose is telling a story; narrative applies to tasks whose goal is to convey an account of real [90] and imagined experiences [88, 109, 211].”
InfluentialA writer's collaborative assistant
Babaian, T., Grosz, B. J., & Shieber, S. M. (2002) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/502716.502722 · Cited by 53 · cited 5× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
InfluentialCreative Writing with an AI-Powered Writing Assistant: Perspectives from Professional Writers
Ippolito, D., Yuan, A., Coenen, A., & Burnam, S. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.05030 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Do Language Models Plagiarize?
Lee, J., Le, T., Chen, J., & Lee, D. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023 · doi:10.1145/3543507.3583199 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Empowering Expression for Users with Aphasia through Constrained Creativity
Neate, T., Roper, A., Wilson, S., & Marshall, J. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300615 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
PEER: A Collaborative Language Model
Schick, T., Dwivedi-Yu, J., Jiang, Z., Petroni, F., Lewis, P., Izacard, G., You, Q., Nalmpantis, C., Grave, E., & Riedel, S. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2208.11663 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bhat, A., Agashe, S., Oberoi, P., Mohile, N., Jangir, R., & Joshi, A. (2023) · Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3581641.3584060 · Cited by 47 · cited 5× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
InfluentialSelf-citationDesign and Evaluation of a Social Media Writing Support Tool for People with Dyslexia
Wu, S., Reynolds, L., Li, X., & Guzmán, F. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300746 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Effective Interfaces for Student-Driven Revision Sessions for Argumentative Writing
Afrin, T., Kashefi, O., Olshefski, C. A., Litman, D., Hwa, R., & Godley, A. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445683 · Cited by 44 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Meanwhile, persuasive writing aims to convince or influence the audience through text [2, 121], requiring high readability [129] and conciseness [115].”
“I Can’t Reply with That”: Characterizing Problematic Email Reply Suggestions
Robertson, R. E., Olteanu, A., Diaz, F., Shokouhi, M., & Bailey, P. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445557 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
WikiAtomicEdits: A Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Edits for Modeling Language and Discourse
Faruqui, M., Pavlick, E., Tenney, I., & Das, D. (2018) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1028 · Cited by 43 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
Automated Japanese essay scoring system based on articles written by experts
Ishioka, T., & Kameda, M. (2006) · International Conference on Computational Linguistics · doi:10.3115/1220175.1220205 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
CoEdIT: Text Editing by Task-Specific Instruction Tuning
Raheja, V., Kumar, D., Koo, R., & Kang, D. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.350 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmitt, O., & Buschek, D. (2021) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3450741.3465253 · Cited by 41 · cited 7× · see citing works
“An intelligent writing assistant within this context can provide support for diverse creative endeavors, including writing lyrics [257], crafting metaphors [84], and offering inspiration and assistance for storytelling [187, 220].”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe inviscid text entry rate and its application as a grand goal for mobile text entry
Kristensson, P. O., & Vertanen, K. (2014) · Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices & services · doi:10.1145/2628363.2628405 · Cited by 39 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We believe it is important to recognize the interconnection of dimensions and codes across the five aspects and their trade-offs, and utilize them as a reference when designing writing assistants.”
Chollampatt, S., Hoang, D. T., & Ng, H. T. (2016) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1195 · Cited by 39 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Human Factors and Behavioral Science: TheUNIX™ Writer's Workbench Software: Rationale And Design
Macdonald, N. H. (1983) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1983.tb03520.x · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Examples of such support include providing text analysis [78, 164] and text-planning support [50] (see Appendix C for more examples).”
LyriSys: An Interactive Support System for Writing Lyrics Based on Topic Transition
Watanabe, K., Matsubayashi, Y., Inui, K., Nakano, T., Fukayama, S., & Goto, M. (2017) · Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3025171.3025194 · Cited by 34 · cited 5× · see citing works
“An intelligent writing assistant within this context can provide support for diverse creative endeavors, including writing lyrics [257], crafting metaphors [84], and offering inspiration and assistance for storytelling [187, 220].”
InfluentialClaiming success, charting the future
Shneiderman, B. (2011) · interactions · doi:10.1145/2008176.2008180 · Cited by 34 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We encourage researchers and designers to venture into these overlooked dimensions and offer their innovative ideas and unique insights, contributing to the holistic development of better writing assistants.”
EdiT5: Semi-Autoregressive Text Editing with T5 Warm-Start
Mallinson, J., Adamek, J., Malmi, E., & Severyn, A. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.156 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
How a Stylistic, Machine-Generated Thesaurus Impacts a Writer's Process
Gero, K. I., & Chilton, L. B. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 on Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3325480.3326573 · Cited by 32 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some texts are written to be descriptive in order to convey emotion [255] and provide expressive details, particularly with evocative language [83, 84, 160].”
Self-citationUnderstanding Iterative Revision from Human-Written Text
Du, W., Raheja, V., Kumar, D., Kim, Z. M., Lopez, M., & Kang, D. (2022) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.250 · Cited by 32 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
Self-citationSupporting Cognitive and Emotional Empathic Writing of Students
Wambsganss, T., Niklaus, C., Söllner, M., Handschuh, S., & Leimeister, J. (2021) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.314 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationToward evaluation of writing style
Burstein, J. C., & Wolska, M. A. (2003) · Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.3115/1067807.1067814 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lewicki, K., Lee, M. S. A., Cobbe, J., & Singh, J. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581463 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The sociotechnical systems perspective is an interdisciplinary approach [19, 145, 217], widely used in various research fields like HCI [140, 151] and IS [39, 259] to analyze complex interactions involving technology, workflow design, and organizational changes.”
Self-citationAI Writing Assistants Influence Topic Choice in Self-Presentation
Poddar, R., Sinha, R., Naaman, M., & Jakesch, M. (2023) · Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544549.3585893 · Cited by 30 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Lastly, the personalization of system outputs, which involves adapting to and reflecting an individual’s unique writing style [80], may enhance the user’s writing experience.”
Zarei, N., Chu, S. L., Quek, F., Rao, N. '., & Brown, S. A. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376331 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Understanding age is important when tailoring systems to accommodate the developmental and cognitive characteristics of users across a wide age spectrum, ranging from young, pre-literate children [270] to adolescents [89, 216].”
Towards Evaluating Narrative Quality In Student Writing
Somasundaran, S., Flor, M., Chodorow, M., Molloy, H., Gyawali, B., & McCulla, L. (2018) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00007 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The role of centering theory's rough-shift in the teaching and evaluation of writing skills
Miltsakaki, E., & Kukich, K. (2000) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.3115/1075218.1075270 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Is the sky pure today? AwkChecker
Park, T., Lank, E., Poupart, P., & Terry, M. A. (2008) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/1449715.1449736 · Cited by 27 · cited 4× · see citing works
“It is this increase that spurred our interest in creating a design space to support the increasing number of researchers and designers working in this space.”
InfluentialVisual Writing Prompts: Character-Grounded Story Generation with Curated Image Sequences
Hong, X., Sayeed, A., Mehra, K., Demberg, V., & Schiele, B. (2023) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00553 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chang, Y., Chen, C.-C., Hsieh, Y., Chen, C. C., & Hsu, W. (2015) · doi:10.3115/v1/p15-2127 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
wikiHowToImprove: A Resource and Analyses on Edits in Instructional Texts
Anthonio, T., Bhat, I. A., & Roth, M. (2020) · Language Resources and Evaluation · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Design Space for Writing Support Tools Using a Cognitive Process Model of Writing
Gero, K., Calderwood, A., Li, C., & Chilton, L. (2022) · Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants (In2Writing 2022) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.in2writing-1.2 · Cited by 25 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, such a study has not yet been conducted specifically on writing assistants.”
Self-citation(2019) · doi:10.1145/3359138 · Cited by 25 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The sociotechnical systems perspective is an interdisciplinary approach [19, 145, 217], widely used in various research fields like HCI [140, 151] and IS [39, 259] to analyze complex interactions involving technology, workflow design, and organizational changes.”
Modeling Persuasive Discourse to Adaptively Support Students’ Argumentative Writing
Wambsganss, T., & Niklaus, C. (2022) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.599 · Cited by 25 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
InfluentialSelf-citationLove in Lyrics: An Exploration of Supporting Textual Manifestation of Affection in Social Messaging
Kim, T., Lee, J. S., Peng, Z., & Ma, X. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359181 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Adaptive Empathy Learning Support in Peer Review Scenarios
Wambsganss, T., Soellner, M., Koedinger, K. R., & Leimeister, J. M. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517740 · Cited by 24 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Writing assistants at this stage might be used to provide feedback on various aspects of the written text [2, 252].”
InfluentialArgRewrite: A Web-based Revision Assistant for Argumentative Writings
Zhang, F., Hwa, R., Litman, D. J., & Hashemi, H. B. (2016) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/n16-3008 · Cited by 24 · cited 2× · see citing works
“BecausepapersonACLAnthology do not have associated keywords, we retrieved any paper that has at least one of the keywords in its title.”
Howe, D. C. (2009) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/1640233.1640265 · Cited by 24 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
Clark, E., & Smith, N. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.279 · Cited by 23 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Writing expertise captures the user’s writingproficiencyorexpertise(e.g.,amateurvs.professionalwriter) intermsofwritingquality[187,188]orgenrespecializations(e.g.,sci-encewritingvs.emailwriting)[85,115].”
Writing Strategies for Science Communication: Data and Computational Analysis
August, T., Kim, L., Reinecke, K., & Smith, N. A. (2020) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.429 · Cited by 23 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…of trust in the writing assistant’s ability or perception of its suitability for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s…”
Self-citationToward a Task of Feedback Comment Generation for Writing Learning
Nagata, R. (2019) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d19-1316 · Cited by 23 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…in the writing assistant’s ability or perception of its suitability for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s…”
Visualize Before You Write: Imagination-Guided Open-Ended Text Generation
Zhu, W., Yan, A., Lu, Y., Xu, W., Wang, X. E., Eckstein, M. P., & Wang, W. Y. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-eacl.5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Read, Revise, Repeat: A System Demonstration for Human-in-the-loop Iterative Text Revision
Du, W., Kim, Z. M., Raheja, V., Kumar, D., & Kang, D. (2022) · Workshop on Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants (In2Writing) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.in2writing-1.14 · Cited by 22 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, most ecosystem dimensions are, as previously noted, under-represented, representing a rich area of future study as writing assistants become more widely adopted and the circumstance and context of their adoption becomes increasingly important.”
Self-citationFaltings, F., Galley, M., Hintz, G., Brockett, C., Quirk, C., Gao, J., & Dolan, B. (2021) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.414 · Cited by 22 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
The arText prototype: An automatic system for writing specialized texts
da Cunha, I., March, M. A. M., & Hysa, L. (2017) · Proceedings of the Software Demonstrations of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/e17-3015 · Cited by 22 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, while a general direction might be a target writing format, specific objectives may suggest the inclusion of certain subsections [54, 115] or information [188] that contribute to that overall goal.”
Gonçalves, F., Campos, P., Hanna, J., & Ashby, S. (2015) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/2757226.2757236 · Cited by 21 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
Learning to Model Editing Processes
Reid, M., & Neubig, G. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.280 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Liu, T., Zhou, M. Q., Gao, J., Xun, E., & Huang, C. (2000) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.3115/1075218.1075285 · Cited by 21 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Likewise, second language writing can be difficult due to unfamiliar spelling and grammar rules [157] as well as vocabulary [112], and writing assistants can help by aiding in translation to ease the difficulty of writing in an unfamiliar language [112, 112, 157, 277].”
Lettersmith: Scaffolding Written Professional Communication Among College Students
Hui, J., & Sprouse, M. L. (2023) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581029 · Cited by 20 · cited 8× · see citing works
“The text editor is the prevalent interface for AI-assisted writing [58, 223], providing writers with a traditional blank canvas while incorporating a variety of system-driven functionalities such as feedback [114], automated checklists [80], or completion suggestions [121].”
InfluentialSonAmi: A Tangible Creativity Support Tool for Productive Procrastination
Belakova, J., & Mackay, W. E. (2021) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3450741.3465250 · Cited by 20 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Similarly, education level and background of users, whether they are high school students [216] or university graduates [2, 251], indicates varying cognitive and learning competencies, which in turn may influence how users interact with and critically engage in systems.”
InfluentialTowards an intelligent reviewer's assistant
Dong, R., McCarthy, K., O’Mahony, M. P., Schaal, M., & Smyth, B. (2012) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/2166966.2166995 · Cited by 20 · cited 2× · see citing works
“These tasks may suggest the direction of an outcome through writing conventions [192], writing reflection variations [80, 134], or writing format [47, 64], but will not define how the desired outcome should be realized.”
B., C., & March, J. G. (1967) · Revue Française de Sociologie · doi:10.2307/3319872 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reviewriter: AI-Generated Instructions For Peer Review Writing
Su, X., Wambsganß, T., Rietsche, R., Neshaei, S. P., & Kser, T. (2023) · Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.bea-1.5 · Cited by 19 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
Self-citationSupporting Novices Author Audio Descriptions via Automatic Feedback
Natalie, R., Tseng, J., Kacorri, H., & Hara, K. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581023 · Cited by 19 · cited 3× · see citing works
“During the drafting stage, writers may require assistance with thought facilitation or initial drafts [180, 191].”
Using Context to Predict the Purpose of Argumentative Writing Revisions
Zhang, F., & Litman, D. J. (2016) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/n16-1168 · Cited by 19 · cited 2× · see citing works
“BecausepapersonACLAnthology do not have associated keywords, we retrieved any paper that has at least one of the keywords in its title.”
Gabriel, R. P., Chen, J., & Nichols, J. W. (2015) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/2757226.2757229 · Cited by 18 · cited 4× · see citing works
“With entertainment as its purpose, a writing task can aim to engage and amuse readers through text, requiring coherent storytelling [133, 174] to engage the audience and may use the structure of the writing itself to convey surprise [80] and pleasure [146, 257].”
InfluentialDramatVis Personae: Visual Text Analytics for Identifying Social Biases in Creative Writing
Hoque, M. N., Ghai, B., & Elmqvist, N. (2022) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3532106.3533526 · Cited by 18 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Self-citationFan, M., Fan, J., Antle, A. N., Jin, S., Yin, D., & Pasquier, P. (2019) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3290607.3312756 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Neural-based Chinese Idiom Recommendation for Enhancing Elegance in Essay Writing
Liu, Y., Pang, B., & Liu, B. (2019) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1552 · Cited by 18 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Finally, most ecosystem dimensions are, as previously noted, under-represented, representing a rich area of future study as writing assistants become more widely adopted and the circumstance and context of their adoption becomes increasingly important.”
Poetry Machines: Eliciting Designs for Interactive Writing Tools from Poets
Booten, K., & Gero, K. I. (2021) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3450741.3466813 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationPersistent Anti-Muslim Bias in Large Language ModelsPreprint
Abid, A., Farooqi, M., & Zou, J. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.05783 · Cited by 17 · cited 1× · see citing works
“System is meant to evoke a sense of another agent acting on the interface or data Tool System is presented as tools, where there is not a sense of interacting with another agent Hybrid System draws from both “agent” and “tool” metaphors”
Breaking Writer’s Block: Low-cost Fine-tuning of Natural Language Generation Models
Duval, A., Lamson, T., de Kérouara, G. D. L., & Gallé, M. (2021) · Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-demos.33 · Cited by 17 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Finally, there are custom designs: for example, a tangible UI that triggers the system by lifting a coffee cup [12], or an exploratory visualization for referencing information which has no user text input [131].”
Examining Agency, Expertise, and Roles of AI Systems in AI-Mediated Communication
Mieczkowski, H., & Hancock, J. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/asnv4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
IGA: An Intent-Guided Authoring Assistant
Sun, S., Zhao, W., Manjunatha, V., Jain, R., Morariu, V. I., Dernoncourt, F., Srinivasan, B. V., & Iyyer, M. (2021) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.483 · Cited by 16 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
Watch Me Write: Exploring the Effects of Revealing Creative Writing Process through Writing Replay
Carrera, D., & Lee, S. W. (2022) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3527927.3532806 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
iComposer: An Automatic Songwriting System for Chinese Popular Music
Lee, H.-P., Fang, J.-S., & Ma, W.-Y. (2019) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-4015 · Cited by 15 · cited 2× · see citing works
“With entertainment as its purpose, a writing task can aim to engage and amuse readers through text, requiring coherent storytelling [133, 174] to engage the audience and may use the structure of the writing itself to convey surprise [80] and pleasure [146, 257].”
LinggleWrite: a Coaching System for Essay Writing
Tsai, C.-T., Chen, J.-J., Yang, C.-Y. H., & Chang, J. S. (2020) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations (ACL Demo) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.acl-demos.17 · Cited by 15 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Severalstudieshaveutilizedmetricssuch aswordcount,time,andeffortexpendedbytheusertoquantify improvementsintheuser’swritingefficiencybefore,during,and afterusingawritingassistant[7,27].”
Self-citationTürkay, S., Seaton, D. T., & Ang, A. (2018) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3170427.3188474 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
FRUIT: Faithfully Reflecting Updated Information in Text
Iv, R., Passos, A., Singh, S., & Chang, M.-W. (2022) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.269 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
On How Users Edit Computer-Generated Visual Stories
Hsu, T.-Y., Hsu, Y.-C., & Huang, T.-H. (2019) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3290607.3312965 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Another common purpose is telling a story; narrative applies to tasks whose goal is to convey an account of real [90] and imagined experiences [88, 109, 211].”
Sadauskas, J., Byrne, D., & Atkinson, R. K. (2015) · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702383 · Cited by 14 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Some systems ensure equal representation of minority and marginalized groups by incorporating gender and race into their design [106].”
Langsmith: An Interactive Academic Text Revision System
Ito, T., Kuribayashi, T., Hidaka, M., Suzuki, J., & Inui, K. (2020) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-demos.28 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(team member), Pao Siangliu-lue (advisor), Joseph Chee Chang (advisor), Max Kreminski (advisor), Shannon Zejiang Shen (advisor), Daniel Buschek (advisor) • Ecosystem : Simon Buckingham Shum (team lead), Madiha Zahrah Choksi (team member), Antonette Shibani (team member), Simon Knight (team member)”
WriteAhead2: Mining Lexical Grammar Patterns for Assisted Writing
Chang, J., & Chang, J. S. (2015) · doi:10.3115/v1/n15-3022 · Cited by 14 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Finally, there are custom designs: for example, a tangible UI that triggers the system by lifting a coffee cup [12], or an exploratory visualization for referencing information which has no user text input [131].”
InfluentialSelf-citationHuman Factors and Behavioral Science: TheUNIX™ Writer's Workbench Software: Philosophy
Frase, L. T. (1983) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1983.tb03519.x · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Examples of such support include providing text analysis [78, 164] and text-planning support [50] (see Appendix C for more examples).”
Wang, L., Fan, X., Tian, F., Deng, L., Ma, S., Huang, J., & Wang, H. (2018) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3170427.3188517 · Cited by 13 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Some texts are written to be descriptive in order to convey emotion [255] and provide expressive details, particularly with evocative language [83, 84, 160].”
InfluentialExploring Methods for Generating Feedback Comments for Writing Learning
Hanawa, K., Nagata, R., & Inui, K. (2021) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.766 · Cited by 13 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
QuoteR: A Benchmark of Quote Recommendation for Writing
Qi, F., Yang, Y., Yi, J., Cheng, Z., Liu, Z., & Sun, M. (2022) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.27 · Cited by 12 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Kim, C., Hinrichs, U., Mohammad, S. M., & Collins, C. M. (2020) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3357236.3395503 · Cited by 12 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Some systems ensure equal representation of minority and marginalized groups by incorporating gender and race into their design [106].”
Rapp, C., Kruse, O., Erlemann, J., & Ott, J. (2015) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2685553.2702687 · Cited by 11 · cited 4× · see citing works
“One fundamental goal is to explain; expository applies to writing tasks whose purpose is to convey relevant facts and knowledge [138, 206].”
InfluentialWeber, F., Wambsganß, T., Neshaei, S. P., & Söllner, M. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.145 · Cited by 10 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…plagiarism and sense of integrity when using the writing assistant Trust User’s sense of trust in the writing assistant’s ability or perception of its suitability for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s…”
InfluentialSelf-citationZomer, G., & Frankenberg‐Garcia, A. (2021) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.216 · Cited by 10 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Likewise, second language writing can be difficult due to unfamiliar spelling and grammar rules [157] as well as vocabulary [112], and writing assistants can help by aiding in translation to ease the difficulty of writing in an unfamiliar language [112, 112, 157, 277].”
User or Labor: An Interaction Framework for Human-Machine Relationships in NLP
Wan, R., Etori, N., Badillo-Urquiola, K. A., & Kang, D. (2022) · DASH · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.01553 · Cited by 10 · cited 1×
“However, such a study has not yet been conducted specifically on writing assistants.”
arXivEdits: Understanding the Human Revision Process in Scientific Writing
Jiang, C., Xu, W., & Stevens, S. (2022) · Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.641 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
WINGS:Writing with Intelligent Guidance and Suggestions
Dai, X., Liu, Y., Wang, X., & Liu, B. (2014) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations (ACL Demo) · doi:10.3115/v1/p14-5005 · Cited by 9 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Mixed-Initiative Interaction with Computational Generative Systems
Lehmann, F. (2023) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3544549.3577061 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Empirical Research Methods for Human-Computer Interaction
MacKenzie, I. S., & Castellucci, S. J. (2016) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/2851581.2856671 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for a task Availability User’s expectation of the writing assistant being at hand when one needs or wants to use it Privacy User’s concerns about how their data is handled by the writing assistant Transparency User’s understanding of the writing assistant’s mechanism, capabilities, and limitations”
Karolus, J., Feger, S. S., Schmidt, A., & Woźniak, P. W. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3596052 · Cited by 8 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Meanwhile, persuasive writing aims to convince or influence the audience through text [2, 121], requiring high readability [129] and conciseness [115].”
InfluentialChapter 7: Cognitive Technologies for Writing
Pea, R. D., & Kurland, D. M. (1987) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x014001277 · Cited by 8 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some technologies long precede the appearance of computers, such as clay tablets known as cuneiform writing [184, 219], and in the 19th and 20th century, typewriter technologies [194], each of which dramatically changed the way we produce written artifacts.”
Self-citationImproving Iterative Text Revision by Learning Where to Edit from Other Revision Tasks
Kim, Z. M., Du, W., Raheja, V., Kumar, D., & Kang, D. (2022) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.678 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationText Revision by On-the-Fly Representation Optimization
Li, J., Li, Z., Ge, T., King, I., & Lyu, M. R.-T. (2022) · Workshop on Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants (In2Writing) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.in2writing-1.7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Machine-in-the-Loop Rewriting for Creative Image Captioning
Padmakumar, V., & He, H. (2022) · Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.42 · Cited by 7 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
InfluentialTEASPN: Framework and Protocol for Integrated Writing Assistance Environments
Hagiwara, M., Ito, T., Kuribayashi, T., Suzuki, J., & Inui, K. (2019) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d19-3039 · Cited by 7 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The most common mechanism is to use text formatting such”
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Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation
Anderson, B. R., Shah, J. H., & Kreminski, M. (2024) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3635636.3656204 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationBuilding machines that learn and think with people
Collins, K. M., Sucholutsky, I., Bhatt, U., Chandra, K., Wong, L., Lee, M., Zhang, C. E., Zhi‐Xuan, T., Ho, M. K., Mansinghka, V. K., et al. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01991-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“This sociotechnical ecosystem may be dictated by external regulations, organizational practices, or other principles 73,212–215 Article 14 of the EU AI Act requires users of high-risk AI systems “to correctly interpret the high-risk AI system’s output” and “to remain aware of the possible tendency…”
Self-citationHalkiopoulos, C., Gkintoni, E., Aroutzidis, A., & Antonopoulou, H. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15040456 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Quantifying large language model usage in scientific papers
Liang, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., Lepp, H., Ji, W., Zhao, X., Cao, H., Liu, S., He, S., Huang, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02273-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“A technology that can generate dominant varieties of scholarly English could hypo-thetically lower barriers to entry 14,15 .”
Writer-Defined AI Personas for On-Demand Feedback Generation
Benharrak, K., Zindulka, T., Lehmann, F., Heuer, H., & Buschek, D. (2024) · Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642406 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationPang, R. Y., Schroeder, H., Smith, K. S., Barocas, S., Xiao, Z., Tseng, E., & Bragg, D. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713726 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Generative AI Meets Open-Ended Survey Responses: Research Participant Use of AI and Homogenization
Zhang, S., Xu, J., & Alvero, A. (2025) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/00491241251327130 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Metacognition meets <scp>AI</scp> : Empowering reflective writing with large language models
Neshaei, S. P., Mejia‐Domenzain, P., Davis, R. L., & Käser, T. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13601 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationWhich Contributions Deserve Credit? Perceptions of Attribution in Human-AI Co-Creation
He, J., Houde, S., & Weisz, J. D. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713522 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“One common co-creative task is writing [43].”
InfluentialSong, I., Park, S., Pendse, S. R., Schleider, J. L., Choudhury, M. D., & Kim, Y. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713883 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationDesigning Interactions with Generative AI for Art and Creativity: A Systematic Review and Taxonomy
Hu, X., Xing, Y., Cai, X., Zhao, Y., Cook, M. L., Borgo, R., & Neate, T. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735843 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“For writing assistance, Lee et al. [90] propose a design space addressing key dimensions including task, user, technology, interaction, and ecosystem.”
Zhang, S., Wang, H., & Yi, X. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757594 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“textual interaction [6, 9, 10, 15, 29, 40, 42, 45, 55, 55, 59, 59, 62, 70, 74, 77, 78, 82, 85, 92, 94, 108, 114, 122, 128, 130, 132, 146, 148, 148, 149, 154, 163, 165, 187, 191, 191, 193, 197] visual interaction [12, 16, 35, 44, 48, 66, 67, 88, 89, 96, 102, 112, 115, 121, 135, 150, 153, 158, 178,…”
InfluentialControlling AI Agent Participation in Group Conversations: A Human-Centered Approach
Houde, S., Brimijoin, K., Muller, M. J., Ross, S., Moran, D., Gonzalez, G. E., Kunde, S., Foreman, M. A., & Weisz, J. D. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712089 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Patchview: LLM-powered Worldbuilding with Generative Dust and Magnet Visualization
Chung, J. J. Y., & Kreminski, M. (2024) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/3654777.3676352 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationNeed Help? Designing Proactive AI Assistants for Programming
Chen, V., Zhu, A., Zhao, S., Mozannar, H., Sontag, D. A., & Talwalkar, A. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Co-Writing with AI, on Human Terms: Aligning Research with User Demands Across the Writing Process
Reza, M., Thomas-Mitchell, J., Dushniku, P., Laundry, N., Williams, J. J., & Kuzminykh, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757566 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Friction: Deciphering Writing Feedback into Writing Revisions through LLM-Assisted Reflection
Zhang, C., Ju, K., Bidoshi, P., Yen, Y., & Rzeszotarski, J. M. (2025) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714316 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Amuse: Human-AI Collaborative Songwriting with Multimodal Inspirations
Kim, Y., Lee, S.-J., & Donahue, C. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713818 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“To achieve this, we employ rejection sampling [66], a Monte Carlo algorithm that allows us to sample from a target distribution that may be difficult to sample from directly (i.e., 𝑃 ( x | c ) ), by using a proposal distribution that is easier to sample from (i.e., 𝑄 ( x | c ) ).”
Self-citationThe impact of generative AI on social media: an experimental study
Møller, A. G., Romero, D. M., Jurgens, D., & Aiello, L. M. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-40110-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
"Ronaldo's a poser!": How the Use of Generative AI Shapes Debates in Online Forums
Zeng, Y., Shi, Y., Huang, X., Nah, F. F., & Lc, R. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713829 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…release of ChatGPT by OpenAI represented a pivotal advancement in the field of human-AI collaborative writing, drawing substantial attention from various research communities, such as Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Computational Social Science (CSS) [42].”
Data Playwright: Authoring Data Videos With Annotated Narration
Shen, L., Li, H., Wang, Y., Luo, T., Luo, Y., & Qu, H. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3477926 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“First, instead of writing complete narration text, integrating AI-powered writing features can enhance efficiency and creativity [32].”
Writing with AI Lowers Psychological Ownership, but Longer Prompts Can Help
Joshi, N., & Vogel, D. (2025) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3719160.3736608 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Psychological ownership was an important factor for these writers, and some designs were poorly received because they “overstep the boundaries” of the human writer.”
Siddiqui, M. N., Pea, R. D., & Subramonyam, H. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714119 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“As evidenced by rapidly expanding landscape of LLM writing tools [46], LLMs hold the potential to alleviate many of the process-related challenges, but interface issues largely remain.”
Self-citationCollage is the New Writing: Exploring the Fragmentation of Text and User Interfaces in AI Tools
Buschek, D. (2024) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3643834.3660681 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“For a recent survey of writing tools/assistants, see the work by Lee et al. [55].”
BackgroundSelf-citationUnderstanding Screenwriters' Practices, Attitudes, and Future Expectations in Human-AI Co-Creation
Tang, Y., Li, H., Lan, M., Ma, X., & Qu, H. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714120 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Dhillon et al. emphasized the importance of personalized systems to accommodate the diverse experiences of writers [28], and Lee et al. provided broad recommendations for the development of future AI tools [57].”
Cai, Z., Han, A., Zhou, X., Gazulla, E. D., & Peppler, K. (2025) · Proceedings of the 24th Interaction Design and Children · doi:10.1145/3713043.3731506 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Creative Writers' Attitudes on Writing as Training Data for Large Language Models
Gero, K. I., Desai, M., Schnitzler, C., Eom, N., Cushman, J., & Glassman, E. L. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713287 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationChakrabarty, T., Laban, P., & Wu, C.-S. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713559 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Generative AI Uses and Risks for Knowledge Workers in a Science Organization
Wagman, K. B., Dearing, M. T., & Chetty, M. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713827 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Another research direction has investigated creative knowledge work tasks (rather than professions) that include writing [13, 25] or music composition [51].”
The X Factor: On the Relationship between User eXperience and eXplainability
Deters, H., Droste, J., Heß, A., Klös, V., Schneider, K. A., Speith, T., & Vogelsang, A. (2024) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3679318.3685352 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“InfluencesofExplainability on User Experience Several sources also describe how explainability can improve aspects such as trust [22, 38] or user engagement [27].”
Advances in artificial intelligence: a review for the creative industries
Anantrasirichai, N., Zhang, F., & Bull, D. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11494-w · Cited by 49 · see citing works
You’ve Got AI Friend in Me: LLMs as Collaborative Learning Partners
Oppenheimer, D. M., Cash, T. N., & Pensky, A. C. (2025) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-025-00521-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The development of argumentative reasoning skills can be enhanced through the use of educational technology (Lee et al., 2024).”
Do LLMs Meet the Needs of Software Tutorial Writers? Opportunities and Design Implications
Bhat, A., Shrivastava, D., & Guo, J. (2024) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3643834.3660692 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“However, existing work on designing tools to support writing activities lacks a discussion on tutorial authoring [17, 33].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Dearth of the Author in AI-Supported Writing
Kreminski, M. (2024) · Workshop on Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants (In2Writing) · doi:10.1145/3690712.3690725 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationSARD: A Human-AI Collaborative Story Generation
Radwan, A. Y., Alasmari, K. M., Abdulbagi, O. A., & Alghamdi, E. A. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76806-4_7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationToyteller: AI-powered Visual Storytelling Through Toy-Playing with Character Symbols
Chung, J. J. Y., Roemmele, M., & Kreminski, M. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713435 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMaking the Write Connections: Linking Writing Support Tools with Writer Needs
Zhao, Z., Masson, D., Kim, Y., Penn, G., & Chevalier, F. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713161 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Previous research [35, 61, 115] has explored the landscape of WST through literature reviews.”
InfluentialSelf-citationMaking AI-Enhanced Videos: Analyzing Generative AI Use Cases in YouTube Content Creation
Anderson, T., & Niu, S. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719991 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Orchid: A Creative Approach for Authoring LLM-Driven Interactive Narratives
Wu, Z., Kumyol, S., Wong, S., Hu, X., Tong, X., & Braud, T. (2025) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3726906 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
MindMate: Exploring the Effect of Conversational Agents on Reflective Writing
Neshaei, S. P., Wambsganss, T., Bouchrifi, H. E., & Käser, T. (2025) · CHI Extended Abstracts · doi:10.1145/3706599.3720029 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationPhraselette: A Poet’s Procedural Palette
Calderwood, A., Chung, J. J. Y., Sun, Y., Roemmele, M., & Kreminski, M. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735832 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationScriptViz: A Visualization Tool to Aid Scriptwriting based on a Large Movie Database
Rao, A., Chou, J.-P., & Agrawala, M. (2024) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/3654777.3676402 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The recent advancement in language models has ushered in a new era of intelligent writing assistants [38].”
Ladak, A., Wilks, M., Loughnan, S., & Anthis, J. R. (2025) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713130 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…replicated in the context of robots [29], and its dimensions have been shown to affect important HCI outcomes, such as the willingness to interact with a robot [52], the perceived helpfulness of a chatbot [33], and the “uncanny valley,” the feeling of unease when robots seem too human-like [17].”
Understanding Socio-technical Factors Configuring AI Non-Use in UX Work Practices
Cha, I., & Wong, R. Y. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713140 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fuzzy Linkography: Automatic Graphical Summarization of Creative Activity Traces
Smith, A., Anderson, B. R., Otto, J., Karth, I., Sun, Y., Chung, J. J. Y., Roemmele, M., & Kreminski, M. (2025) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3726915 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Recent years have seen especially strong growth in the adoption of AI-based CSTs—in creative domains as wide-ranging as writing [45], visual art [10, 54, 71], game design [29, 40], fashion design [35], worldbuilding [15], and music [49].”
Self-citationZheng, C., Yu, Z., Jiang, Y., Zhang, M., Lu, X., Jin, J., & Gao, L. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713274 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“To address these challenges, our study draws inspiration from Mina Lee’s works [34, 35], particularly her focus on evaluating the writing capabilities of LLMs (GPT-3) through HCI datasets at CHI 2022, and her subsequent proposal of a design space for systematically exploring intelligent interactive…”
User-centric Reflective Writing Assistance: Leveraging RAG for Enhanced Personalized Support
Neshaei, S. P., Tashkovska, M., Mejia‐Domenzain, P., Wambsganß, T., & Käser, T. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719899 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“We followed the standards established in prior writing assistants [13] to implement the suggestions in our design.”
InfluentialSelf-citationLLMs as Research Tools: A Large Scale Survey of Researchers' Usage and Perceptions
Liao, Z., Antoniak, M., Cheong, I., Cheng, E. Y.-Y., Lee, A.-H., Lo, K., Chang, J. C., & Zhang, A. X. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.05025 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationNabokov's Cards: An AI Assisted Prewriting System to Support Bottom-Up Creative Writing
Carrera, D., Zhao, Z., Ajin Thomas, A., & Wigdor, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3726916 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Visual Story-Writing: Writing by Manipulating Visual Representations of Stories
Masson, D., Zhao, Z., & Chevalier, F. (2025) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/3746059.3747758 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Instead, most writing support tools ask users to manipulate narratives using text, typically through prompts or suggestions [15, 16, 24, 42, 65, 80].”
A Design Space for Intelligent Dialogue Augmentation
Chan, R. S. M., Marx, A., Kim, A., & El‐Assady, M. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712096 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Lee et al. [81] refer to this approach as value-sensitive de-sign , which can be guided by a comprehensive design space for dialogue augmentation such as the one we propose.”
InfluentialNavigating Generative AI Disclosure, Ownership, and Accountability in Co-Creative Domains
Do, H. J., Feldman, M. Q., He, J., Hwang, A. H., & Kim, S. (2025) · Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work (CHIWORK) · doi:10.1145/3707640.3729212 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Story Forge: A Card-Based Framework for AI-Assisted Interactive Storytelling
Yu, Y., Corino, G., & Phillips, M. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14152955 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Many NLP-focused tools emphasize AI-driven autonomous generation, often at the expense of user interaction, which leads to limited user control and narratives lacking emotional and cultural depth [5–7].”
InfluentialAI in the Writing Process: How Purposeful AI Support Fosters Student Writing
Siddiqui, M. N., Feliciano, V. A., Pea, R. D., & Subramonyam, H. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98459-4_14 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationDing, Z., Brachman, M., Chan, J., & Geyer, W. (2025) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3726935 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“In AI-assisted data analysis, shared representations have been developed to support subtasks such as data cleaning [18, 26] and data visualization [36, 43, 44].”
Neshaei, S. P., Tolzin, A., Berkle, Y., Leuchter, M., Leimeister, J., Janson, A., & Wambsganss, T. (2025) · Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. · doi:10.1145/3711023 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Similar to the findings of previous intelligent assistants using LLMs [48, 52, 56, 71], we believe the better results in ALure B come from the higher versatility and expression power of the responses from text generation model, prompting the students to reflect on their argumentative writing.”
InfluentialSelf-citationYuan, C., Wei, T., Li, C., Yi, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Z., Cai, Y., & Du, X. (2026) · Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00708-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Toyteller: Toy-Playing with Character Symbols for AI-Powered Visual Storytelling
Chung, J. J. Y., Roemmele, M., & Kreminski, M. (2024) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/3672539.3686781 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationInk and algorithm: Exploring temporal dynamics in generative <scp>AI</scp> ‐assisted writing
Yang, K., Cheng, Y., Zhao, L., Raković, M., Swiecki, Z., Gašević, D., & Chen, G. (2026) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.70031 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhou, D., Gallagher, J. R., & Sterman, S. (2025) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3726907 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman-AI Interaction Patterns in Creative Domains and Their Time-Based Visualization
Leger, R., & Buschek, D. (2025) · Mensch und Computer (MuC) · doi:10.1145/3743049.3743081 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationStorySage: Conversational Autobiography Writing Powered by a Multi-Agent Framework
Talaei, S., Li, M., Grover, K., Hippler, J. K., Yang, D.-Y., & Saberi, A. (2025) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology · doi:10.1145/3746059.3747681 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Xu, M., Li, X., Lan, T., Zeng, X., Wang, T., Sheng, S., Deng, X., Sun, J., Fiebrink, R. A., Bryan–Kinns, N., et al. (2026) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2604649 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Reactive Writers: How Co-Writing with AI Changes How We Engage with Ideas
Bhat, A., Quéré, M. A. L., Naaman, M., & Naaman, M. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791529 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationEbrahimzadeh, M., Shibani, A., & Shum, S. B. (2026) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2026.100609 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationEndless forms most similar: the dearth of the author in AI-supported art
Kreminski, M. (2026) · AI & SOCIETY · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02326-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationInvestigating How Computer Science Researchers Design Their Co-Writing Experiences With AI
Roffarello, A. M., Calò, T., Scibetta, L., & Russis, L. D. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713205 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Le, T.-L. V., Kim, D., Lee, M., & Lee, S.-J. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735740 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthia: Visually Interpreting and Synthesizing Feedback for Writing Revision
Zhang, C., Ju, K., Han, Z., Yen, Y., & Rzeszotarski, J. M. (2025) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology · doi:10.1145/3746059.3747703 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Exploring Mobile Touch Interaction with Large Language Models
Zindulka, T., Sekowski, J. M., Lehmann, F., & Buschek, D. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713554 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“As a consequence, mobile users have to engage in cumbersome context switches , such as switching between their writing app and a browser or dedicated AI app (e.g. the ChatGPT app 3 ) to prompt the model.”
InfluentialSelf-citationCorpusStudio: Surfacing Emergent Patterns In A Corpus Of Prior Work While Writing
Dang, H., Swoopes, C., Buschek, D., & Glassman, E. L. (2025) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713974 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationFanfiction in the Age of AI: Community Perspectives on Creativity, Authenticity and Adoption
Alfassi, R., Cooper, A., Mitchell, Z., Calabro, M., Shaer, O., & Mokryn, O. (2026) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2531272 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Most importantly, we explore here the community’s perspective on the future of human-GenAI collaboration.”
Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systems
Carrera, D., Thomas-Mitchell, J., & Wigdor, D. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791952 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, Y., & Xu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Design · doi:10.1080/09544828.2025.2546840 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tracing Creativity: A Design Space For Creative Activity Traces in HCI
Hammad, N., Lin, D. C.-E., Smith, A., Kreminski, M., Harpstead, E., & Hammer, J. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791263 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationNishal, S., Lee, M., Diakopoulos, N. A., & Vaughan, J. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790372 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDeceptive Patterns of Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants
Benharrak, K., Zindulka, T., & Buschek, D. (2024) · Workshop on Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants (In2Writing) · doi:10.1145/3690712.3690728 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationAI-Assisted Writing in Education: Ecosystem Risks and Mitigations
Shibani, A., & Shum, S. B. (2024) · Workshop on Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants (In2Writing) · doi:10.1145/3690712.3690714 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In a recent review that mapped the design space of IIWAs [5], the ecosystem dimensions were identified as important, and involve: “the overarching sociotechnical context in which the writer and the tool are situated, encompassing a range of complex, interdependent actors that frequently play a role…”
InfluentialSelf-citationNews Futures: (Re-)Designing Socio-technical Systems for News Production and Consumption
Nishal, S., Quéré, M. A. L., McInnis, B. J., Jones, B., Vaccaro, K., Aitamurto, T., Naaman, M., & Diakopoulos, N. A. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3706733 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Designing Human-AI Collaboration to Support Learning in Counterspeech Writing
Ding, X., Ping, K., Gunturi, U. S., Carik, B., Stil, S., Wilhelm, L. A., Daryanto, T., E.Hawdon, J., Lee, S. W., & Rho, E. H. R. (2025) · IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) · doi:10.1109/vl-hcc65237.2025.00052 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In the field of co-writing with AI, researchers have shed light on aspects of user engagement, adaptation, and reliance on AI-generated content [30], [35], [37].”
Self-citationHerding CATs: Making Sense of Creative Activity Traces
Kreminski, M., Smith, A., Chung, J. J. Y., Son, K., Yang, Q., Lee, S. W., Hammad, N., Rawn, E., Almeda, S. G., & Zamfirescu-Pereira, J. D. (2026) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3772363.3778743 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationFu, K., Huang, J., Ling, L., Hong, S., Zuo, Y., Ray, L. C., & Li, T. J.-J. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790400 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Note that we used the sense of ownership to refer to the writer’s “sense of possession” over the resulting narratives within the system, even the AI-generated artifacts [32, 43, 51, 89].”
InfluentialFrom Crafting Text to Crafting Thought: Grounding AI Writing Support to Writing Center Pedagogy
Liu, Y., Gallagher, J., Sterman, S., & August, T. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790292 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom Planning to Revision: How AI Writing Support at Different Stages Alters Ownership
Gero, K. I., Long, T., Schnitzler, C., & Dhillon, P. S. (2026) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3800645.3813003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Many studies have used the planning-drafting-revision framework to investigate AI writing assistance [23, 35, 48, 57], suggesting its utility as an analytical framework.”
Self-citationFitzsimons, A. (2024) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3635636.3664625 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“We also plan to contribute an important theoretical contribution: empirical bounds of what some have termed an “interaction metaphor” [11] (explored in RQ3).”
BackgroundDr. Ping and Dr. Pong: Rethinking Writing and Work with Playful Embodied AIs
Börütecene, A., & Buruk, O. (2024) · Halfway to the Future Symposium · doi:10.1145/3686169.3686214 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Design of Knowledge Graphs for Interactive Digital Narratives Authoring
Abhilash, M., & Nack, F. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78450-7_18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jiang, L., Zhu, A., & Oppegaard, B. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719966 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Xiao, Y., Zinat, K. T., Yamashita, N., Gao, G., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713693 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding Screenwriters' Practices, Attitudes, and Future Expectations in Human-AI Co-Creation
Tang, Y., Li, H., Lan, M., Ma, X., & Qu, H. (2025) · arXiv · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Dhillon et al. emphasized the importance of personalized systems to accommodate the diverse experiences of writers [28], and Lee et al. provided broad recommendations for the development of future AI tools [57].”
Structuring GenAI-assisted Hypotheses Exploration with an Interactive Shared Representation
Ding, Z., Brachman, M., Chan, J., & Geyer, W. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708557.3716364 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For instance, DirectGPT [12] uses a shared representation of text, code, and images that both the AI and human user can interact through a direct manipulation interface, transforming user actions into engineered prompts.”
SYNthia: An Interface Concept for Writing With Large Language Models
Liang, I., & Gero, K. I. (2025) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3734401 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding How Paper Writers Use AI-Generated Captions in Figure Caption Writing
Ng, H. Y., Hsu, T.-Y., Min, J., Kim, S., Rossi, R. A., Yu, T., Jung, H., & Huang, T.-H. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8912-5_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Supporting Material Writing Practice with Phraselette, a Palette of Phrases
Calderwood, A., Kim, T., Sun, Y., Roemmele, M., Chung, J. J. Y., & Kreminski, M. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715668.3735608 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…[13, 22, 32, 36]; new media scholarship on the materiality of digital text [4, 17, 21], computational text criticism [18, 30, 33], from prior computational writing support tools [5, 6, 8, 14–16, 24, 27, 35, 38, 39]; and from critical engagement with language models [1–3, 7, 10, 11, 23, 31].”
Self-citationLloyd, T., Nguyen, T., Levy, K. E. C., & Naaman, M. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791889 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Constella: Supporting Storywriters’ Interconnected Character Creation through LLM-Based Multi-Agents
Park, S., Park, S., & Lim, Y.-K. (2026) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3796234 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Preventing Accidental Sharing of Misinformation Using Large Language Models
Franco, M., Grimm, V., & Herder, E. (2025) · International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good (GoodIT) · doi:10.1145/3748699.3749798 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Lee et al. [23] provide an extensive discussion on designing intelligent and interactive writing assistants.”
Learning in the Loop: AI, Feedback, and the Future of Human Thought
Dingler, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-1622-3_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Linguistic Negotiation for Consensus-Making among LLM Agents with Fuzzy Utility Functions
Yihan, D. O. N. G., & Itō, T. (2026) · IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems · doi:10.1587/transinf.2025edp7179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chakrabarty, T., & Dhillon, P. S. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791276 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“They have significantly changed how people write across various 3 https://github.com/tuhinjubcse/GoodWritingBeGenerative fields [37], with studies showing that 10-24% of content in areas like consumer complaints, business communications, job listings, and UN press statements now involves LLM…”
- Authors
- Lee, M., Gero, K. I., Chung, J. J. Y., Shum, S. B., Raheja, V., Shen, H., Venugopalan, S., Wambsganss, T., Zhou, D., Alghamdi, E. A., August, T., Bhat, A., Choksi, M. Z., Dutta, S., Guo, J. L. C., Hoque, M. N., Kim, Y., Knight, S., Neshaei, S. P., Shibani, A., Shrivastava, D., Shroff, L., Sergeyuk, A., Stark, J., Sterman, S., Wang, S., Bosselut, A., Buschek, D., Chang, J. C., Chen, S., Kreminski, M., Park, J., Pea, R., Rho, E. H. R., Shen, Z., & Siangliulue, P.
- Affiliations
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Midjourney, United States
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Grammarly, United States
- University of Michigan (US)
- Google (United States) (US)
- Bern University of Applied Sciences (CH)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- University of Washington (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- Cornell Tech (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Google DeepMind (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Stanford University (US)
- JetBrains Research, Serbia and Montenegro
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (US)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Richmond, United States
- Virginia Tech (US)
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (US)
- B12, United States
- ORCID
- Lee, Mina
- Gero, Katy Ilonka
- Chung, John Joon Young
- Shum, Simon Buckingham
- Raheja, Vipul
- Shen, Hua
- Venugopalan, Subhashini
- Wambsganss, Thiemo
- Zhou, David
- Alghamdi, Emad A.
- August, Tal
- Bhat, Avinash
- Choksi, Madiha Zahrah
- Dutta, Senjuti
- Guo, Jin L.C.
- Hoque, Md Naimul
- Kim, Yewon
- Knight, Simon
- Neshaei, Seyed Parsa
- Shibani, Antonette
- Shrivastava, Disha
- Shroff, Lila
- Sergeyuk, Agnia
- Stark, Jessi
- Sterman, Sarah
- Wang, Sitong
- Bosselut, Antoine
- Buschek, Daniel
- Chang, Joseph Chee
- Chen, Sherol
- Kreminski, Max
- Park, Joonsuk
- Pea, Roy
- Rho, Eugenia Ha Rim
- Shen, Zejiang
- Siangliulue, Pao
- Venue
- Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2024-05-11
- Pages
- 1-35
- OpenAlex
- W4393118307
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 18
- FWCI
- 43.82
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- ARBOR - Bern University of Applied Sciences Repository (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- University of Technology Sydney
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Keywords
- writing assistants, design space, interactive writing, writing support systems, task dimensions, technology dimension
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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