Cited by 205RNA and protein synthesis mechanismsRNA Research and SplicingPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer

Translating the genome in time and space: Specialized ribosomes, RNA regulons, and RNA-binding proteins

Shi, Zhen, Barna, Maria·2015·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Abstract

A central question in cell and developmental biology is how the information encoded in the genome is differentially interpreted to generate a diverse array of cell types. A growing body of research on posttranscriptional gene regulation is revealing that both global protein synthesis rates and the translation of specific mRNAs are highly specialized in different cell types. How this exquisite translational regulation is achieved is the focus of this review. Two levels of regulation are discussed: the translation machinery and cis-acting elements within mRNAs. Recent evidence shows that the ribosome itself directs how the genome is translated in time and space and reveals surprising functional specificity in individual components of the core translation machinery. We are also just beginning to appreciate the rich regulatory information embedded in the untranslated regions of mRNAs, which direct the selective translation of transcripts. These hidden RNA regulons may interface with a myriad of RNA-binding proteins and specialized translation machinery to provide an additional layer of regulation to how transcripts are spatiotemporally expressed. Understanding this largely unexplored world of translational codes hardwired in the core translation machinery is an exciting new research frontier fundamental to our understanding of gene regulation, organismal development, and evolution.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125346

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Authors
Shi, Z., & Barna, M.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
Published
2015-11-13
Volume
31
Issue
1
Pages
31-54
ISSN
  • 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-8995
OpenAlex
W2132392209
Cited by
205
References
130
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (DP2OD008509)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Keywords
translational regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, specialized ribosomes, RNA-binding proteins, cis-regulatory elements, mRNA untranslated regions, cell type-specific translation, spatiotemporal gene expression, cell differentiation
MeSH terms
Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Ribosomes, RNA, RNA, Messenger, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA-Binding Proteins, Genome, Regulon

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