Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 875

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Gender Inequalities in Education

Buchmann, Claudia, DiPrete, Thomas A., McDaniel, Anne·2008·Annual Review of Sociology
DOI 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The terrain of gender inequalities in education has seen much change in recent decades. This article reviews the empirical research and theoretical perspectives on gender inequalities in educational performance and attainment from early childhood to young adulthood. Much of the literature on children and adolescents attends to performance differences between girls and boys. Of course, achievement in elementary and secondary school is linked to the level of education one ultimately attains including high school completion, enrollment in postsecondary education, college completion, and graduate and professional school experiences. We recommend three directions for future research: (a) interdisciplinary efforts to understand gender differences in cognitive development and noncognitive abilities in early childhood, (b) research on the structure and practices of schooling, and (c) analyses of how gender differences might amplify other kinds of inequalities, such as racial, ethnic, class, or nativity inequalities.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 8 references

Research works printed but not linked: 117

  1. Adam E, 2007, Human Behavior, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Atypical Development, 264
  2. 10.2307/2094313 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Alexander KL, 2003, On the Success of Failure: A Reassessment of the Effects of Retention in the Primary School Grades
  4. 10.2307/2094797 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.01.003 · DOI
  6. 10.2307/2096345 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Am. Assoc. Univ. Women, 1992, How Schools Shortchange Girls
  8. 10.1016/0272-7757(95)00027-5 · DOI
  9. Bae Y, 2000, Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women
  10. 10.2307/2112795 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.2307/3090252 · DOI
  12. 10.1037/0022-0663.88.2.365 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.88.2.365
  13. 10.1086/209845 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Blau PM, 1967, The American Occupation Structure
  15. 10.1353/sof.2005.0089 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00477.x · DOI
  17. 10.2307/2657379 · DOI
  18. 10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00041-3 · DOI · Paper page
  19. 10.2307/3090287 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1177/000312240607100401 · DOI · Paper page
  21. 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.77 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1038/scientificamerican0505-40 · DOI
  23. Catsambis S. 2005. The gender gap in mathematics: merely a step function? See Gallagher & Kaufman 2005, pp. 220–45 · DOI
  24. 10.1162/003465303322369722 · DOI
  25. 10.2307/3088946 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.03.001 · DOI
  27. Dee T, 2006, Educ. Next, 69
  28. Dehaene S, 1997, The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics
  29. 10.1353/dem.2006.0003 · DOI · Paper page
  30. 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2005.00014.x · DOI
  31. 10.2307/3090253 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.2307/1131040 · DOI
  33. 10.2307/2096370 · DOI · Paper page
  34. 10.1177/003804070708000202 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.2307/2095708 · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1037/0003-066X.43.2.95 · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.43.2.95 · Paper page
  37. Freeman CE, 2004, Trends in Educational Equity for Girls and Women
  38. 10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100012 · DOI
  39. Gallagher AM, 2005, Gender Differences in Mathematics: An Integrative Psychological Approach
  40. 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134604 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1086/340778 · DOI · Paper page
  42. 10.1177/003804070607900104 · DOI · Paper page
  43. 10.3102/00028312037002509 · doi:10.3102/00028312037002509
  44. 10.1016/0885-2006(92)90003-H · DOI
  45. 10.2307/2112582 · DOI
  46. 10.1037/0003-066X.52.10.1091 · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.10.1091
  47. 10.4324/9781410605290 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Halpern DF, Wai J, Saw A. 2005. A psychobiosocial model: why females are sometimes greater than and sometimes less than males in math achievement. See Gallagher & Kaufman 2005, pp. 48–72 · DOI
  49. 10.1126/science.7604277 · DOI · Paper page
  50. 10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.127 · DOI · Paper page
  51. 10.1016/B978-0-12-352080-7.50022-7 · DOI
  52. Horn LJ, 1995, Profile of Undergraduates in US Postsecondary Education Institutions: 1992–93, with an Essay on Undergraduates at Risk
  53. 10.3386/w7867 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134654 · DOI
  55. 10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581 · DOI · Paper page
  56. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1990.tb00022.x · DOI · Paper page
  57. 10.1016/S0272-7757(01)00051-6 · DOI · Paper page
  58. 10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.153 · DOI · Paper page
  59. 10.2307/2649126 · doi:10.2307/2649126
  60. 10.2307/3090266 · doi:10.2307/3090266
  61. 10.1177/0002716298559001008 · DOI
  62. Jencks C, 1972, Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America
  63. 1999, J. Blacks Higher Educ., 23, 6
  64. 10.1177/019251300021001006 · DOI · Paper page
  65. 10.7551/mitpress/6194.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Kindlon D, 2000, Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys
  67. 10.1596/0-8018-4534-3 · DOI · Paper page
  68. King J, 2000, Gender Equity in Higher Education
  69. 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00380.x · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00380.x
  70. Kobrin JL, 2007, A Historical View of Subgroup Performance Differences on the SAT Reasoning Test
  71. 10.1016/1041-6080(95)90013-6 · DOI
  72. 10.3386/w13292 · DOI
  73. 10.1353/sof.2001.0102 · DOI
  74. 10.2307/145387 · DOI · Paper page
  75. 10.1023/A:1018759308259 · DOI
  76. Lopez N, 2003, Hopeful Girls, Troubled Boys: Race and Gender Disparity in Urban Education
  77. Maccoby EE, 1974, The Psychology of Sex Differences
  78. 10.1177/003804070507800304 · DOI
  79. 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131710 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Malone LM, 2006, The Early Reading and Mathematics Achievement of Children Who Repeated Kindergarten or Who Began School a Year Late
  81. 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00648.x · DOI · Paper page
  82. Marks GN, 2007, Oxford Rev. Educ., 34, 1
  83. McDaniel AE, 2007, Gender gaps in educational and occupational expectations across 30 industrialized countries: a study of similarities and differences
  84. 10.1177/000312240406900502 · DOI · Paper page
  85. 10.2307/2657417 · doi:10.2307/2657417
  86. 10.2307/2112823 · DOI · Paper page
  87. 10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.623 · DOI · Paper page
  88. 10.2307/2673174 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Muter V, 2003, Early Reading Development and Dyslexia
  90. 10.1023/A:1018873615316 · DOI
  91. OECD, 2006, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2006
  92. 10.1007/978-0-306-48247-2_8 · DOI
  93. Perkins R, 2004, The High School Transcript Study: A Decade of Change in Curricula and Achievement, 1990–2000
  94. 10.1023/A:1024237016779 · DOI
  95. 10.2307/2577632 · doi:10.2307/2577632
  96. Rosenbaum J, 2001, Beyond College for All: Career Paths for the Forgotten Half
  97. 10.1001/jama.291.16.2007 · DOI · Paper page
  98. Sadker M, 1994, Failing at Fairness: How America's Schools Cheat Girls
  99. 10.2307/3069650 · DOI · Paper page
  100. Segal DR, 2004, Popul. Bull., 59, 1
  101. 10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.667 · DOI · Paper page
  102. Snyder TD, 2007, Digest of Educational Statistics 2006
  103. 10.1007/s11199-007-9206-4 · doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9206-4
  104. Sommers CH, 2000, The War Against Boys: How Misguided Feminism Is Harming our Young Men
  105. Spain D, 1996, Balancing Act: Motherhood, Marriage and Employment among American Women
  106. 10.1037/0003-066X.60.9.950 · DOI · Paper page
  107. Spelke ES, 1998, Handbook of Child Psychology. Vol. 1: Theoretical Models of Human Development, 275
  108. 10.1006/jesp.1998.1373 · DOI · Paper page
  109. 10.2307/1130626 · DOI · Paper page
  110. 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.08.001 · DOI
  111. Tanner JM, 1978, Foetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity
  112. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00857.x · DOI · Paper page
  113. U.S. Dep. Defense, 2006, Population Representation in the Military Services, Fiscal Year 2005
  114. West J, 2000, The Kindergarten Year: Findings from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
  115. Willingham WW, 1997, Gender and Fair Assessment
  116. 10.1080/0141192022000019080 · DOI
  117. Xie Y, 2003, Women in Science: Career Processes and Outcomes

Cited by

See all 875

Metadata

Authors
Buchmann, C., DiPrete, T. A., & McDaniel, A.
Venue
Annual Review of Sociology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2008-08-01
Volume
34
Issue
1
Pages
319-337
ISSN
  • 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2115
DOI
10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719
OpenAlex
W2119738974
Cited by
875
References
8
FWCI
35.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gender Inequalities in Education. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719
The paper
Buchmann, C., DiPrete, T. A., & McDaniel, A. (2008). Gender Inequalities in Education. Annual Review of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.