CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,084Gender Roles and Identity StudiesGender and Feminist StudiesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

The gender similarities hypothesis.

Hyde, Janet Shibley·2005·American Psychologist
DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.581
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. Results from a review of 46 meta-analyses support the gender similarities hypothesis. Gender differences can vary substantially in magnitude at different ages and depend on the context in which measurement occurs. Overinflated claims of gender differences carry substantial costs in areas such as the workplace and relationships.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.581

Cites

114 of 114 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In many educational domains boys and girls are performing similarly.

    “in many educational domains boys and girls are performing similarly (Hyde, 2005).”

    From Gender and Education (2015) · cites this paper as Hyde, 2005

  • The vast majority of research on gender differences in cognitive skills is consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis: in most areas, males and females are similar.

    “Indeed, the vast majority of research on gender differences in cognitive skills is consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis (Hyde, 2005): in most areas, males and females are similar.”

    From Gender and Education (2015) · cites this paper as Hyde, 2005

  • Within the great human diversity, men and women are more similar than different, as evidenced by empirical research.

    “within the great human diversity, men and women are more similar than different, as evidenced by the review of the results of empirical research (eg, Hyde, 2005).”

    From Health From a Gender Perspective (2017) · cites this paper as Hyde, 2005

  • Hyde (2005) reported a broad range of effect sizes for different measures of mathematics achievement (d = -0.14 to 0.16).

    “Hyde (2005) supported this observation and reported a broad range of effect sizes for different measures of mathematics achievement (d = -0.14-0.16).”

    From Is there a gender gap? A meta-analysis of the gender differences in students' ICT literacy (2019) · cites this paper as Hyde (2005)

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hyde, J. S.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Hyde, Janet Shibley
ORCID
Hyde, Janet Shibley
Venue
American Psychologist
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2005-09
Volume
60
Issue
6
Pages
581-592
ISSN
  • 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-990X
DOI
10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.581
OpenAlex
W2027450919
Cited by
3,084
References
114
Citations by year
2026: 116 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 288 · 2019: 210 · 2018: 143 · 2017: 143 · 2016: 174 · 2015: 154 · 2014: 149 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 132
FWCI
183.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
gender differences, sex differences in psychology
MeSH terms
Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Career Choice, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Individuality, Leadership, Male, Men, Psychological Theory, Sex Characteristics, Stereotyping, Women, Meta-Analysis as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review