Cited by 427Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMedical Imaging Techniques and Applications

Neuroimaging and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease: A Look to the Future

Petrella, Jeffrey R., Coleman, R. Edward, Doraiswamy, P. Murali·2003·Radiology

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Current consensus statements have emphasized the need for early recognition and the fact that a diagnosis of AD can be made with high accuracy by using clinical, neuropsychologic, and imaging assessments. Magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomographic (CT) imaging is recommended for the routine evaluation of AD. Coronal MR images can be useful to document or quantify atrophy of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, both of which occur early in the disease process. Both volumetric and subtraction MR techniques can be used to quantify and monitor dementia progression and rates of regional atrophy. MR measures are also increasingly being used to monitor treatment effects in clinical trials of cognitive enhancers and antidementia agents. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission CT offer value in the differential diagnosis of AD from other cortical and subcortical dementias and may also offer prognostic value. In addition, PET studies have demonstrated that subtle abnormalities may be apparent in the prodromal stages of AD and in subjects who carry susceptibility genes. PET ligands are in late-stage development for demonstration of amyloid plaques, and human studies have already begun. Functional MR-based memory challenge tests are in development as well.

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Crossref · 10.1148/radiol.2262011600

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  • Neuroradiological indexes of hippocampal atrophy and episodic memory deficits are among the most powerful diagnostic indexes of AD from the very early phases.

    “neuroradiological indexes of hippocampal atrophy [3], [4] and, consistent with the well-known role of the hippocampus in human declarative memory [5], episodic memory deficits [6], [7] are among the most powerful diagnostic indexes of AD from the very early phases, corresponding to the clinical condition of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).”

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Authors
Petrella, J. R., Coleman, R. E., & Doraiswamy, P. M.
Affiliations
Duke Medical Center (US)
Venue
Radiology
Published
2003-02
Volume
226
Issue
2
Pages
315-336
ISSN
  • 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-1315
OpenAlex
W2144803285
Cited by
427
References
145
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 27
FWCI
3.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Radiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (R01AG019728)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis, neuroimaging, hippocampal atrophy, entorhinal cortex atrophy, volumetric MRI, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission CT, differential diagnosis of dementia, prodromal Alzheimer's disease, treatment monitoring, dementia progression
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Predictive Value of Tests, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

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