Antioxidant defense responses to sleep loss and sleep recovery
Abstract
Sleep deprivation in humans is widely believed to impair health, and sleep is thought to have powerful restorative properties. The specific physical and biochemical factors and processes mediating these outcomes, however, are poorly elucidated. Sleep deprivation in the animal model produces a condition that eventually becomes highly lethal, lacks specific localization, and is reversible with sleep, implying mediation by a biochemical abnormality. Metabolic and immunological consequences of sleep deprivation point to a high potential for antioxidant imbalance. The objective, therefore, was to study glutathione content in the liver, heart, and lung, because glutathione is considered a major free radical scavenger that reflects the degree to which a tissue has been oxidatively challenged. We also investigated major enzymatic antioxidants, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as indexes of glutathione recycling. Catalase activity and glutathione content, which normally are tightly regulated, were both decreased in liver by 23–36% by 5 and 10 days of sleep deprivation. Such levels are associated with impaired health in other animal models of oxidative stress-associated disease. The decreases were accompanied by markers of generalized cell injury and absence of responses by the other enzymatic antioxidants under study. Enzymatic activities in the heart indicated an increased rate of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity during sleep deprivation. Recovery sleep normalized antioxidant content in liver and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities in both the liver and the heart. The present results link uncompensated oxidative stress to health effects induced by sleep deprivation and provide evidence that restoration of antioxidant balance is a property of recovery sleep.
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Sleep restores antioxidant balance in peripheral tissues.
“This finding is consistent with several studies suggesting that the function of sleep is restorative and involves metabolite clearance from the brain (9), and that sleep restores antioxidant balance in peripheral tissues (46).”
From Oxalic acid and diacylglycerol 36:3 are cross-species markers of sleep debt (2015) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Everson, C. A., Laatsch, C. D., & Hogg, N.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 288
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- R374-R383
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2100138491
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns038733-03, 7r29hl059271-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL59271)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-38733)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, recovery sleep, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress, glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione recycling, pentose phosphate pathway, liver, heart, lung, cell damage
- MeSH terms
- Alanine Transaminase, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Catalase, gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Glutathione, Liver, Lung, Male, Myocardium, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Oxidative Stress, Rats
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