Cited by 489Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerAdipose Tissue and MetabolismCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Chronic activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase increases GLUT-4, hexokinase, and glycogen in muscle

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Holmes, B. F., Kurth-Kraczek, E. J., Winder, W. W.·1999·Journal of Applied Physiology

Abstract

This study was designed to determine whether chronic chemical activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) would increase glucose transporter GLUT-4 and hexokinase in muscles similarly to periodic elevation of AMPK that accompanies endurance exercise training. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), has previously been shown to be taken up by cells and phosphorylated to form a compound (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) that mimics the effect of AMP on AMPK. A single injection of AICAR resulted in a marked increase in AMPK in epitrochlearis and gastrocnemius/plantaris muscles 60 min later. When rats were injected with AICAR (1 mg/g body wt) for 5 days in succession and were killed 1 day after the last injection, GLUT-4 was increased by 100% in epitrochlearis muscle and by 60% in gastrocnemius muscle in response to AICAR. Hexokinase was also increased ∼2.5-fold in the gastrocnemius/plantaris. Gastrocnemius glycogen content was twofold higher in AICAR-treated rats than in controls. Chronic chemical activation of AMPK, therefore, results in increases in GLUT-4 protein, hexokinase activity, and glycogen, similarly to those induced by endurance training.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1990

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  • Long-term suppression of AMPK could reduce the increase in CS activity and reduce muscle glycogen accumulation.

    “Glucose ingestion can attenuate the rise in AMPK [42], and long-term suppression of AMPK in turn could reduce the increase in CS activity [43] and reduce muscle glycogen accumulation [44], two common markers of training adaptation.”

    From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [44]

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Authors
Holmes, B. F., Kurth-Kraczek, E. J., & Winder, W. W.
Affiliations
Brigham Young University (US)
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Published
1999-11-01
Volume
87
Issue
5
Pages
1990-1995
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
OpenAlex
W2172189555
Cited by
489
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
FWCI
7.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR041438, AR-41438)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
AMPK, AICAR, GLUT4, hexokinase, muscle glycogen, skeletal muscle, endurance training, glucose transport, AMPK activation, epitrochlearis muscle, gastrocnemius
MeSH terms
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide, Animals, Blood Glucose, Enzyme Activation, Glycogen, Hexokinase, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Ribonucleotides, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Muscle, Skeletal, Enzyme Activators, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Rats

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