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Aging, muscle fiber type, and contractile function in sprint-trained athletes
Abstract
Biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis of 18- to 84-yr-old male sprinters ( n = 91). Fiber-type distribution, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content were identified using ATPase histochemistry and SDS-PAGE. Specific tension and maximum shortening velocity ( V o) were determined in 144 single skinned fibers from younger (18–33 yr, n = 8) and older (53–77 yr, n = 9) runners. Force-time characteristics of the knee extensors were determined by using isometric contraction. The cross-sectional area of type I fibers was unchanged with age, whereas that of type II fibers was reduced ( P < 0.001). With age there was an increased MHC I ( P < 0.01) and reduced MHC IIx isoform content ( P < 0.05) but no differences in MHC IIa. Specific tension of type I and IIa MHC fibers did not differ between younger and older subjects. V o of fibers expressing type I MHC was lower ( P < 0.05) in older than in younger subjects, but there was no difference in V o of type IIa MHC fibers. An aging-related decline of maximal isometric force ( P < 0.001) and normalized rate of force development ( P < 0.05) of knee extensors was observed. Normalized rate of force development was positively associated with MHC II ( P < 0.05). The sprint-trained athletes experienced the typical aging-related reduction in the size of fast fibers, a shift toward a slower MHC isoform profile, and a lower V o of type I MHC fibers, which played a role in the decline in explosive force production. However, the muscle characteristics were preserved at a high level in the oldest runners, underlining the favorable impact of sprint exercise on aging muscle.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Korhonen, M. T., Cristea, A., Alén, M., Häkkinen, K., Sipilä, S., Mero, A., Viitasalo, J. T., Larsson, L., & Suominen, H.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 906-917
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2145069786
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 27.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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