Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate restoration increases ampk activity in skeletal muscle from trained humans
Open accessAbstract
We have previously reported that 5 days of a high-fat diet followed by 1 day of high-carbohydrate intake (Fat-adapt) increased rates of fat oxidation and decreased rates of muscle glycogenolysis during submaximal cycling compared with consumption of an isoenergetic high-carbohydrate diet (HCHO) for 6 days (Burke et al. J Appl Physiol 89: 2413-2421, 2000; Stellingwerff et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E380-E388, 2006). To determine potential mechanisms underlying shifts in substrate selection, eight trained subjects performed Fat-adapt and HCHO. On day 7, subjects performed 1-h cycling at 70% peak O2 uptake. Muscle biopsies were taken immediately before and after exercise. Resting muscle glycogen content was similar between treatments, but muscle triglyceride levels were higher after Fat-adapt (P < 0.05). Resting AMPK-alpha1 and -alpha2 activity was higher after Fat-adapt (P = 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively), while the phosphorylation of AMPK's downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC at Ser221), tended to be elevated after Fat-adapt (P = 0.09). Both the respiratory exchange ratio (P < 0.01) and muscle glycogen utilization (P < 0.05) were lower during exercise after Fat-adapt. Exercise increased AMPK-alpha1 activity after HCHO (P = 0.03) but not Fat-adapt. Exercise was associated with an increase in pACC at Ser221 for both dietary treatments (P < 0.05), with postexercise pACC Ser221 higher after Fat-adapt (P = 0.02). In conclusion, compared with HCHO, Fat-adapt increased resting muscle triglyceride stores and resting AMPK-alpha1 and -alpha2 activity. Fat-adapt also resulted in higher rates of whole body fat oxidation, reduced muscle glycogenolysis, and attenuated the exercise-induced rise in AMPK-alpha1 and AMPK-alpha2 activity compared with HCHO. Our results demonstrate that AMPK-alpha1 and AMPK-alpha2 activity and fuel selection in skeletal muscle in response to exercise can be manipulated by diet and/or the interactive effects of diet and exercise training.
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Altering the diet to a high carbohydrate/low fat or high fat/low carbohydrate diet can substantially suppress or elevate fat oxidation, respectively.
“given that altering the diet to a high carbohydrate/low fat or high fat/low carbohydrate diet can substantially supress or elevate fat oxidation, respectively [94].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Yeo, W. K., Lessard, S. J., Chen, Z.-P., Garnham, A. P., Burke, L. M., Rivas, D. A., Kemp, B. E., & Hawley, J. A.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1519-1526
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2024302442
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, high-carbohydrate diet, AMPK, skeletal muscle, substrate selection, fat oxidation, muscle glycogenolysis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, muscle triglycerides, respiratory exchange ratio, physical activity, trained cyclists
- MeSH terms
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Glycogen, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Phosphorylation, Respiration, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Glycogenolysis, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
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