Mental Health Services for Individuals with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who do not have an intellectual impairment or disability (ID), described here as individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD), represent a complex and underserved psychiatric population. While there is an emerging literature on the mental health needs of children with ASD with normal intelligence, we know less about these issues in adults. Of the few studies of adolescents and adults with HFASD completed to date, findings suggest that they face a multitude of cooccurring psychiatric (e.g., anxiety, depression), psychosocial, and functional issues, all of which occur in addition to their ASD symptomatology. Despite this, traditional mental health services and supports are falling short of meeting the needs of these adults. This review highlights the service needs and the corresponding gaps in care for this population. It also provides an overview of the literature on psychiatric risk factors, identifies areas requiring further study, and makes recommendations for how existing mental health services could include adults with HFASD.
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Access to appropriate mental health services is currently inadequate for the autism community, particularly for adults.
“access to appropriate mental health services is currently inadequate for the autism community, particularly for adults (Lake et al., 2014; Turcotte et al., 2016).”
From Self-guided mindfulness and cognitive behavioural practices reduce anxiety in autistic adults: A pilot 8-month waitlist-controlled trial of widely available online tools. (2020) · cites this paper as Lake et al., 2014
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Prevalence and Predictors of Psychotropic Use in Children with High-Functioning ASDs
Lopata, C. J., Toomey, J. A., Fox, J. D., Thomeer, M. L., Volker, M. A., & Lee, G. K. (2013) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2013/384527 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 108 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [2]Canadian Institutes of Health Research Report on the National Autism Research Symposium 2007 Ontario, Canada Policy Planning Plus
- [12]American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000 4th edition Washington, DC, USA American Psychiatric Association
- [78]Konstantareas M Social skills training in high functioning Autism and Asperger's disorder Hellenic Journal of Psychology 2006 3 1 39 56
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis, management, and health services development
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Self-citationVogan, V., Lake, J. K., Tint, A., Weiss, J. A., & Lunsky, Y. (2017) · Disability and Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.11.002 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
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Dropping out and moving on: A qualitative study of autistic people’s experiences of university
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Gaigg, S. B., Flaxman, P. E., McLaven, G., Shah, R., Bowler, D. M., Meyer, B., Roestorf, A., Haenschel, C., Rodgers, J., & South, M. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320909184 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“1 Despite the evidence that now exists about anxiety in autism, access to appropriate health care services remains inadequate for the autism community, in particular for adults (Howlin & Moss, 2012; Lake et al., 2014; Maddox & Gaus, 2019; Povey et al., 2011; Turcotte et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialColver, A. F., Rapley, T., Parr, J. R., McConachie, H., Dovey‐Pearce, G., Couteur, A. S. L., McDonagh, J. E. R., Bennett, C., Hislop, J., Maniatopoulos, G., et al. (2019) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar07040 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Use of allied‐health services and medication among adults with ASD in Latin America
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Wellness Efforts for Autistic Women
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A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Autism Mentorship Program
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- Authors
- Lake, J. K., Perry, A., & Lunsky, Y.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lake, Johanna K.
- Venue
- Autism Research and Treatment
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 2014
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 2090-1925 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-1933
- PMC
- PMC4168143
- OpenAlex
- W2143654405
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Autism Research and Treatment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- University of Toronto
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- high-functioning autism, mental health services, autistic adults, autistic adolescents, psychiatric comorbidity, anxiety, depression, service gaps, underserved populations, psychiatric risk factors, psychosocial functioning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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