Cited by 244Sphingolipid Metabolism and SignalingAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsLysosomal Storage Disorders Research

Ceramides in Alzheimer’s Disease: Key Mediators of Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress and A β Accumulation

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Jazvinšćak Jembrek, Maja, Hof, Patrick R., Šimić, Goran·2015·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid β -peptides (A β ) and intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (phospho-tau) protein. Ceramides, the major molecules of sphingolipid metabolism and lipid second messengers, have been associated with AD progression and pathology via A β generation. Enhanced levels of ceramides directly increase A β through stabilization of β -secretase, the key enzyme in the amyloidogenic processing of A β precursor protein (APP). As a positive feedback loop, the generated oligomeric and fibrillar A β induces a further increase in ceramide levels by activating sphingomyelinases that catalyze the catabolic breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide. Evidence also supports important role of ceramides in neuronal apoptosis. Ceramides may initiate a cascade of biochemical alterations, which ultimately leads to neuronal death by diverse mechanisms, including depolarization and permeabilization of mitochondria, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 depletion, and caspase-3 activation, mainly by modulating intracellular signalling, particularly along the pathways related to Akt/PKB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). This review summarizes recent findings related to the role of ceramides in oxidative stress-driven neuronal apoptosis and interplay with A β in the cascade of events ending in neuronal degeneration.

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  • Elevated ceramide levels have been associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology, including promoting Aβ accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.

    “Elevated Cer levels have been associated with AD pathology, including promoting Aβ accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. 24 , 25”

    From Protective mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease in APOE3‐Christchurch homozygous astrocytes (2025) · cites this paper as [25]

    Section 2 reports elevated ceramide levels in AD, and the Conclusions link ceramides to Aβ accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Section 4, “Ceramides and Inflammation,” links ceramide production to inflammatory mediators, but describes those mediators as stimulating ceramide production rather than establishing that elevated ceramides promote inflammation. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Ceramides are known to initiate some of the pathological changes that drive AD progression.

    “Ceramides are also known to initiate some of the pathological changes that drive AD progression. 24 , 25”

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  1. [188]Chakraborty G. Ziemba S. Drivas A. Ledeen R. W. Myelin contains neutral sphingomyelinase activity that is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α Journal of Neuroscience Research 1997 50 3 466 476 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19971101)50:360;466::aid-jnr1362;3.0.co;2-4 2-s2.0-0030694454 9364332 · DOI

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Authors
Jazvinšćak Jembrek, M., Hof, P. R., & Šimić, G.
Affiliations
  • Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • University of Zagreb (HR)
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015
Volume
2015
Pages
1-17
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
OpenAlex
W1484835368
Cited by
244
References
199
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3
FWCI
1.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository of the Medical Faculty of the University of Zagreb (University of Zagreb) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Repository of the Ruđer Bošković Institute (Ruđer Bošković Institute) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Repository of the Ruđer Bošković Institute (Ruđer Bošković Institute) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport (098-0000000-2448, 09/16, AG005138)
  • Croatian Science Foundation (098-0000000-2448, 09/16, AG005138)
  • National Institutes of Health (098-0000000-2448, 09/16, AG005138)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
Keywords
ceramide, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, sphingolipid metabolism, beta-secretase, sphingomyelinase, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, reactive oxygen species, caspase-3, Akt signaling, MAPK signaling, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Ceramides, Humans, Neurons, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress

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