Distribution of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Urocortin 1 in the Vole Brain
Open accessAbstract
Brain receptor patterns for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, are dramatically different between monogamous and promiscuous vole species, and CRF physiologically regulates pair bonding behavior in the monogamous prairie vole. However, it is uncertain whether species differences also exist in the neuroanatomical distribution of the endogenous ligands for the CRF1 and CRF2 receptors, such as CRF and urocortin-1 (Ucn1). We compared the expression of CRF and Ucn1 in four vole species, monogamous prairie and pine voles, and promiscuous meadow and montane voles, using in situ hybridization of CRF and Ucn1 mRNA. Our results reveal that CRF mRNA expression patterns in all four vole species appear highly conserved throughout the brain, including the olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area, central amygdala, hippocampus, posterior thalamus, and cerebellum. Similarly, Ucn1 mRNA primarily localized to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in all four vole species. Immunocytochemistry in prairie and meadow voles confirmed localization of CRF and Ucn1 protein to these previously identified brain regions. These data demonstrate a striking dichotomy between the extraordinary species diversity of brain receptor patterns when compared to the highly conserved brain distributions of their respective ligands. Our findings generate novel hypotheses regarding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the neural circuitry of species-typical social behaviors.
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Monogamous and non-monogamous vole species differ greatly in brain distribution of CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, while CRF peptide distribution is highly conserved.
“Monogamous and non-monogamous species of voles differ greatly in the distribution of CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 in the brain, even while the distribution of CRF peptide is highly conserved (Lim et al 2005; Lim et al 2006).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Lim et al 2006
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- Authors
- Lim, M. M., Tsivkovskaia, N. O., Bai, Y., Young, L. J., & Ryabinin, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior and Evolution
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 229-240
- ISSN
- 0006-8977 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9743
- PMC
- PMC1828133
- OpenAlex
- W2061262656
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- North Carolina State University
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA013738, AA013738)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F30MH065050, MH65050)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-00 165, P51RR000165)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, urocortin 1, CRF1 receptor, CRF2 receptor, voles, Microtus ochrogaster, Microtus pennsylvanicus, montane vole, pine vole, monogamy, pair bonding, evolution of social behavior, brain receptor distribution, Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoradiography, Binding Sites, Brain, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Arvicolinae, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Raphe Nuclei, In Situ Hybridization, Urocortins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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