Cited by 939Pluripotent Stem Cells ResearchTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineCongenital heart defects research

Engineering Adolescence: Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes

Open access
Yang, Xiulan, Pabon, Lil, Murry, Charles E.·2014·Circulation Research

Abstract

The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both human embryonic stem cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cells, has opened up novel paths for a wide range of scientific studies. The capability to direct the differentiation of hPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes has provided a platform for regenerative medicine, development, tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug toxicity testing. Despite exciting progress, achieving the optimal benefits has been hampered by the immature nature of these cardiomyocytes. Cardiac maturation has long been studied in vivo using animal models; however, finding ways to mature hPSC cardiomyocytes is only in its initial stages. In this review, we discuss progress in promoting the maturation of the hPSC cardiomyocytes, in the context of our current knowledge of developmental cardiac maturation and in relation to in vitro model systems such as rodent ventricular myocytes. Promising approaches that have begun to be examined in hPSC cardiomyocytes include long-term culturing, 3-dimensional tissue engineering, mechanical loading, electric stimulation, modulation of substrate stiffness, and treatment with neurohormonal factors. Future studies will benefit from the combinatorial use of different approaches that more closely mimic nature’s diverse cues, which may result in broader changes in structure, function, and therapeutic applicability.

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Crossref · 10.1161/circresaha.114.300558

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  • These propagation velocities are comparable to those observed in tissues composed of immature cells where cell geometry, calcium handling, gap junction expression and spatial distribution limit conduction velocity compared to mature tissues.

    “These values are comparable to those observed in tissues composed of immature cells where cell geometry, calcium handling, gap junction expression and spatial distribution, as well as other factors limit the conduction velocity when compared to mature tissues52,53.”

    From A tissue-engineered scale model of the heart ventricle (2018) · cites this paper as [53]

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  • Immature hPSC-CMs commonly exhibit a positive chronotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation but lack the positive inotropy characteristic of adult cardiomyocytes.

    “Commonly, immature hPSC-CMs exhibit a positive chronotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation but lack the positive inotropy characteristic of adult cardiomyocytes (Yang et al., 2014).”

    From A human engineered mini-heart platform for mimicking ventricular pump function (2025) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2014

    In “Responses to Calcium and Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation,” the review reports a pronounced chronotropic response without significant inotropy in one hESC-CM study. But it also reports inotropic responses in other hPSC-CM studies and says the discrepancy is unresolved, so it does not establish that immature hPSC-CMs commonly lack positive inotropy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are immature compared to their in vivo counterparts.

    “However, these CMs are immature compared to their in vivo counterparts.”
  • Major hallmarks regarded as a general consensus of cardiomyocyte maturation include myofibril maturation, electrophysiology, calcium handling, metabolic maturation, hypertrophy, and integration of physiology.

    “a number of major hallmarks have been regarded as a general consensus of the field, including myofibril maturation, electrophysiology, calcium handling, metabolic maturation, hypertrophy, and integration of physiology.10,37,38”
  • Adult cardiomyocytes are characterized by rod-like shape, polyploidy, organized myofibrils, mitochondrial networks, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T-tubules.

    “Adult CMs are characterized by distinctive features including rod-like shape, polyploidy and organized myofibrils, mitochondrial networks, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T-tubules.10,21”

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1 of the 128 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [80]Lundy SDZW Regnier M Laflamme M Structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells Stem Cells Dev 2013 PMC3699903 23461462

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Authors
Yang, X., Pabon, L., & Murry, C. E.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Venue
Circulation Research
Published
2014-01-31
Volume
114
Issue
3
Pages
511-523
ISSN
  • 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4571
OpenAlex
W2033765226
Cited by
939
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 19
FWCI
8.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL100405, P01HL094374, R01HL084642)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P01GM081619)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
Keywords
human pluripotent stem cells, cardiomyocyte maturation, human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, cardiac differentiation, 3D tissue engineering, mechanical loading, electrical stimulation, substrate stiffness, neurohormonal factors, disease modeling, drug toxicity testing, regenerative medicine
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Time Factors, Models, Animal, Myocytes, Cardiac, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Cell Engineering

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