The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment outcomes for primary care patients with major depression and lifetime anxiety disorders.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Major depression occurs with generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in up to 60% of psychiatric and primary care patients. This comorbidity has been associated with greater severity of depression, poorer psychosocial functioning, and poorer treatment outcomes in psychiatric samples. This study examined the clinical outcomes for depressed primary care patients with and without a lifetime anxiety disorder. METHOD: A total of 157 primary care patients who met criteria for major depression were randomly assigned to standardized interpersonal psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy with nortriptyline and were assessed at baseline and at 4 and 8 months on severity of depression, psychosocial functioning, and health-related functioning. RESULTS: Depressed patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder presented with significantly more psychopathology and tended to prematurely terminate treatment more frequently than patients with major depression alone. Both standardized depression-specific treatments were effective for depressed patients with and without a comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, although time to recovery was longer for the former. Patients with lifetime panic disorder showed poor recovery in response to psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are effective for patients with major depression with and without a generalized anxiety disorder. However, the longer time to recovery for the former group and lack of response to these treatments by patients with lifetime panic disorder suggest that primary care physicians should carefully assess history of anxiety disorder among depressed patients so as to select a proper intervention.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“in patients with a lifetime panic disorder, the response rates drop drastically to about 13% for each of the aforementioned therapeutic modalities (7)”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033
Random-Effects Models for Longitudinal Data
Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529876 · Cited by 8,923
Robins, L. N. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001 · Cited by 5,219
Frank, E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 · Cited by 1,959
Utility of a New Procedure for Diagnosing Mental Disorders in Primary Care: The PRIME-MD 1000 Study
Spitzer, R. L. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520220043029 · Cited by 1,873
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Clayton P, 1990, J Clin Psychiatry, 1, 35
- Zung W, 1990, J Clin Psychiatry, 51, 77
- Lydiard B, 1991, J Clin Psychiatry, 52, 48
- Fawcett J, 1990, J Clin Psychiatry, 1, 40
- Coplan J, 1990, J Clin Psychiatry, 1, 9
- Tollefson G, 1994, J Clin Psychiatry, 55, 50
- Fawcett J, 1987, Elkin I
- Spitzer RL, 1990, Gibbon M
- Schulberg HC, Madonia MJ. Scott CP. Rodriquez E. Imber SD. PerelJ. Lave J. Houck PR
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377 · Cited by 1,573
“…have documented the negative effects of anxiety-depression comorbidity on various aspects of psychopathology, such as course, chronicity, recovery and relapse rates (Brown et al 1996, Rief et al 1995; however, a few studies report no effects, e.g. Hoffart & Martinsen 1993), treatment seek- A nn u.”
BackgroundDiagnosis and definition of treatment-resistant depression
Fava, M. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00231-2 · Cited by 1,380
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585 · Cited by 1,562
“Brown et al. (2001) of 362”
The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA): rationale, objectives and methods
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Beekman, A. T. F., Smit, J. H., Zitman, F. G., Nolen, W. A., Spinhoven, P., Cuijpers, P. J., de Jong, P. J., van Marwijk, H., Assendelft, W. J., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.256 · Cited by 930
“…and biological paradigms should be integrated when examining depressive and anxiety disorders Studies suggest that depressive and anxiety disorders share common risk factors and that similar interventions are effective (Andrews and Stephens, 1990; Brown et al., 1996; Beekman et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMental Health and Academic Success in College
Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Hunt, J. B. (2009) · The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy · doi:10.2202/1935-1682.2191 · Cited by 929
“For example, co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders is associated with high severity of illness (Joffe et al., 1993), functional impairment (Joffe et al., 1993; Kessler et al., 1999), recurrence (VanValkenburg C. et al., 1984), and poorer treatment outcomes (Brown et al., 1996).”
BackgroundAnxiety disorders in older adults: a comprehensive review
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Castriotta, N., Lenze, E. J., Stanley, M. A., & Craske, M. G. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20653 · Cited by 726
“These results are consistent with those found in young adult samples; the more severe and long standing the depressive symptoms in individuals with comorbid anxiety disorders, the more time is needed to recover.([107]) Likewise, anxiety disorder treatment has been found to be less effective when major depressive episo…”
ResultBaldwin, D. S., Anderson, I. M., Nutt, D. J., Allgulander, C., Bandelow, B., den Boer, J. A., Christmas, D. M., Davies, S., Fineberg, N., Lidbetter, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114525674 · Cited by 676
“The presence of a comorbid anxiety disorder is associated with both a longer time to recovery and with a greater risk of ending treatment prematurely in patients with major depression [II] (Brown et al., 1996).”
BackgroundHirschfeld, R. M. A. (2001) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.v03n0609 · Cited by 661
Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000111 · Cited by 576
Adult mental health outcomes of adolescent depression: A systematic review
Johnson, D., Dupuis, G., Piche, J., Clayborne, Z., & Colman, I. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22777 · Cited by 563
Treatment and prevention of depression
Hollon, S. D., Thase, M. E., & Markowitz, J. C. (2002) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/1529-1006.00008 · Cited by 511
Kessler, R. C., DuPont, R. L., Berglund, P. A., & Wïttchen, H. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.12.1915 · Cited by 486
Gender differences in depression: Findings from the STAR*D study
Marcus, S. M., Young, E. A., Kerber, K. B., Kornstein, S., Farabaugh, A. H., Mitchell, J., Wisniewski, S. R., Balasubramani, G. K., Trivedi, M. H., & Rush, A. J. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.09.008 · Cited by 456
“Numerous studies document the negative effects of anxiety–depression comorbidity on psychopathology including course, chronicity, recovery, and relapse rates (Brown et al., 1996) which would also explain the greater severity and chronicity seen in this sample of depressed women.”
BackgroundTiller, J. W. G. (2013) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja12.10628 · Cited by 489
Jesulola, E., Micalos, P., & Baguley, I. J. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.025 · Cited by 379
de Mello, M. F., de Jesus Mari, J., Bacaltchuk, J., Verdeli, H., & Neugebauer, R. (2005) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0542-x · Cited by 346
Kessler, R. C., Stang, P., Wittchen, H., Üstün, T. B., Roy-Burne, P. P., & Walters, E. (1998) · The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.801 · Cited by 357
Randomized Trial of a Depression Management Program in High Utilizers of Medical Care
Katzelnick, D. J. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.4.345 · Cited by 331
“Another reason may be that high utilizer patients have more medical and psychiatric comorbidity, which has been shown to be associated with delayed onset of treatment response and lower response rates.(45,46) Most DMP patients (69.”
BackgroundCurrent perspectives of the roles of the central norepinephrine system in anxiety and depression
Goddard, A. W., Ball, S. G., Martinez, J. M., Robinson, M. J., Yang, C. R., Russell, J. M., & Shekhar, A. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20642 · Cited by 332
“The patients with MDD having lifetime general anxiety disorder, compared with patients having uncomplicated MDD, usually have worse symptom severity.([63,64]) Our current views on the importance of the central NE system in anxious depression come from clinical studies showing efficacy of selective norepinephrine reupt…”
BackgroundMixed anxiety/depression symptoms in a large cancer cohort: prevalence by cancer type
Brintzenhofe-Szoc, K. M., Levin, T. T., Li, Y., Kissane, D. W., & Zabora, J. R. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.50.4.383 · Cited by 364
Kaiser, T., Herzog, P., Voderholzer, U., & Brakemeier, E. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23136 · Cited by 296
“…comorbid anxiety disorders are more likely to show antidepressant resistance (Andreescu et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2020) and poorer outcomes as well as higher rates of premature termination of treatment when receiving psychotherapy (C. Brown et al., 1996; Furukawa et al., 2018; Young et al., 2006).”
BackgroundTreatment-resistant anxiety disorders
Bystritsky, A. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001852 · Cited by 289
BELZER, K., & SCHNEIER, F. R. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200409000-00003 · Cited by 235
Anxiety as a Correlate of Response to the Acute Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
Feske, U. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.956 · Cited by 230
Recovery and Recurrence Following Treatment for Adolescent Major Depression
Curry, J. F., Silva, S. G., Rohde, P., Ginsburg, G. S., Kratochvil, C. J., Simons, A. D., Kirchner, J., MAY, D. E., Kennard, B. D., Mayes, T. L., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.150 · Cited by 232
“Anxiety disorders also predicted poorer shortterm outcome in TADS.20 In depressed adults, anxiety mitigates the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment40 and slows response time to CBT.41 These findings suggest that adolescent MDD with anxiety requires further treatment development.”
BackgroundYoung, E. A., Abelson, J. L., & Cameron, O. G. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.03.017 · Cited by 228
“This study examined the influence of anxiety comorbidity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal HPA) axis response to stress in patients with MDD. ethods: Untreated subjects with pure MDD (n 15), MDD with comorbid anxiety disorders (n 18), and pure anxiety disorders n 15) were recruited by…”
MethodCortisol and Catecholamines in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Young, E. A., & Breslau, N. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.4.394 · Cited by 223
“Previous studies have reported that MDD comorbid with anxiety disorders is more severe than “pure” MDD in terms of depressive symptoms, course of illness, and treatment response.(37-42) The Table 3.”
BackgroundFood Insufficiency and the Physical and Mental Health of Low-Income Women
Siefert, K., Heflin, C. M., Corcoran, M. E., & Williams, D. R. (2001) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v32n01_08 · Cited by 230
Groen, R. N., Ryan, O., Wigman, J. T. W., Riese, H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Giltay, E. J., Wichers, M., & Hartman, C. A. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01738-z · Cited by 240
Mykletun, A. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.8.1412 · Cited by 237
Lipschitz, J., Miller, C. J., Hogan, T. P., Burdick, K. E., Lippin-Foster, R., Simon, S. R., & Burgess, J. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/11334 · Cited by 183
“The decision to include patients with any or all of these diagnoses in the sample was based on high comorbidity rates between these diagnoses and the similarity of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments for these disorders [24-29].”
BackgroundZebrafish models in neuropsychopharmacology and CNS drug discovery
Khan, K. M., Collier, A. D., Мешалкина, Д. А., Kysil, E. V., Khatsko, S. L., Kolesnikova, T. O., Morzherin, Y. Y., Warnick, J. E., Kalueff, A. V., & Echevarria, D. J. (2017) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13754 · Cited by 217
“Furthermore, althoughmany treatments for anxiety disorders exist, approximately 30% of patients show no improvement (Brown et al., 1996).”
BackgroundFoland-Ross, L. C., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00489 · Cited by 197
“…showing that the combined disorders are characterized by a more severe course of illness than is either disorder alone (Keller et al., 1983, 1984; Brown et al., 1996), it will be important for researchers to continue to assess patterns of cognitive and neural dysfunction that are associated with…”
BackgroundMajor Depressive Disorder Is Associated with Impaired Interoceptive Accuracy: A Systematic Review
Eggart, M., Lange, A., Binser, M. J., Queri, S., & Müller-Oerlinghausen, B. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9060131 · Cited by 209
“Consequently, comorbid anxiety or panic disorder could explain the restoration of IAc from moderate to severe depression, since anxiety or panic symptoms are correlated with increasing depression severity [43].”
BackgroundFrank, E., Cyranowski, J. M., Rucci, P., Shear, M. K., Fagiolini, A. M., Thase, M. E., Cassano, G. B., Grochocinski, V. J., Kostelnik, B., & Kupfer, D. J. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.905 · Cited by 184
Kanner, A. M., Barry, J. J., Gilliam, F., Hermann, B., & Meador, K. J. (2010) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02582.x · Cited by 182
“A worse course and poorer response to treatment of a depressive disorder in the short- and long-term, demonstrated in studies of patients without epilepsy (Brown et al., 1996).”
BackgroundHuffman, J. C., Smith, F. A., Blais, M. A., Januzzi, J. L., & Fricchione, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.08.001 · Cited by 166
“Among psychiatric outpatients, comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders are associated with worse functional and treatment outcomes than either disorder alone [38,39].”
BackgroundGeyh, S., Kurt, T., Brockow, T., Cieza, A., Ewert, T., Omar, Z., & Resch, K. (2004) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/16501960410015399 · Cited by 164
Network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese female nursing students
Ren, L., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Wei, Z., Cui, L., Wei, X., Hu, X., Peng, J., Jin, Y., Li, F., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03276-1 · Cited by 173
Katz, I. R., Reynolds, C. F., Alexopoulos, G. S., & Hackett, D. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50003.x · Cited by 158
Comorbidity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Noyes, R. (2001) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70205-7 · Cited by 153
Avoidance mediates the relationship between anxiety and depression over a decade later
Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.007 · Cited by 149
McIntyre, A., Gendron, A., & McIntyre, A. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20275 · Cited by 145
“It is also associated with poorer and slower treatment response [Brown et al., 1996; Gorman, 1996].”
Social and environmental predictors of maternal depression in current and recent welfare recipients.
Siefert, K., Bowman, P. J., Heflin, C. M., Danziger, S. H., & Williams, D. R. (2000) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0087688 · Cited by 148
Bortolotti, B., Menchetti, M., Bellini, F., Montaguti, M. B., & Berardi, D. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.04.001 · Cited by 136
“Psychological intervention versus antidepressant medication The main analyses, which compared psychological intervention groups to antidepressant medication control groups, included four trials for short-term outcomes [33– 35,43] and three trials for long-term outcomes [32,33,36].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSaliva cortisol in posttraumatic stress disorder: a community epidemiologic study
Young, E. A., & Breslau, N. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.011 · Cited by 137
Millan, M. J., Goodwin, G. M., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., & Ove Ögren, S. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.01.016 · Cited by 132
Cairney, J., Corna, L., Veldhuizen, S., Herrmann, N., & Streiner, D. L. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.jgp.0000300627.93523.c8 · Cited by 134
Quality of life in chronic musculoskeletal pain
Tüzün, E. H. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2007.03.001 · Cited by 121
Depression in primary care: part 1—screening and diagnosis
Ferenchick, E. K., Ramanuj, P., & Pincus, H. A. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l794 · Cited by 131
Frank, E., Shear, M., Rucci, P., Cyranowski, J., Endicott, J., Fagiolini, A., Grochocinski, V., Houck, P., Kupfer, D. J., Maser, J., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1101 · Cited by 107
Gaynes, B. N., Magruder, K. M., Burns, B. J., Wagner, H. R., Yarnall, K. S. H., & Broadhead, W. E. (1999) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(99)00005-5 · Cited by 116
“Though earlier studies in primary care settings have indicated that a lifetime history of a coexisting anxiety disorder predicts a more difficult course of depressive illness [32,33], this study is the first to demonstrate that a recent coexisting anxiety disorder predicts persistent depressive illness in this setting.”
BackgroundResultPsychosocial and clinical predictors of response to pharmacotherapy for depression
Bagby, R. M., Ryder, A. G., & Cristi, C. (2002) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0243 · Cited by 115
Hegel, M. T., Unützer, J., Tang, L., Areán, P. A., Katon, W., Noël, P. H., Williams, J. W., & Lin, E. H. B. (2005) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200501000-00008 · Cited by 114
“69 [3 4 8 ] 0.”
Urinary biomarker panel for diagnosing patients with depression and anxiety disorders
Chen, J., Bai, S., Li, W., Zhou, C., Zheng, P., Fang, L., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Xie, P. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0245-0 · Cited by 109
D, D. M. M., Fortney, J. C., Pyne, J. M., Edlund, M. J., & Wetherell, J. L. (2006) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.12.1731 · Cited by 110
Course of depression in patients with comorbid anxiety disorders
Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (1997) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)01442-0 · Cited by 112
Long-term prognosis of depression in primary care.
Simon, G. E. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 105
Jesulola, E., Sharpley, C. F., Bitsika, V., Agnew, L. L., & Wilson, P. H. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.058 · Cited by 112
Kanner, A. M., Schachter, S. C., Barry, J. J., Hersdorffer, D. C., Mula, M., Trimble, M., Hermann, B. P., Ettinger, A. E., Dunn, D., Caplan, R., et al. (2012) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.008 · Cited by 98
“For example, in an 8-month follow-up study of depressed primary care patients treated with nortriptyline or interpersonal therapy, patients with a history of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) or panic disorder were less likely to have recovered from their depressive episode [15].”
BackgroundA Reevaluation of the Exclusion Criteria Used in Antidepressant Efficacy Trials
Posternak, M. A., Zimmerman, M. A., Keitner, G. I., & Miller, I. W. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.191 · Cited by 99
Anxiety Disorders in Epilepsy: The Forgotten Psychiatric Comorbidity
Kanner, A. M. (2011) · Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents · doi:10.5698/1535-7511-11.3.90 · Cited by 96
“For example, population-based studies have revealed that a history of primary AD in patients with DD increases their risk for hospitalization and suicide attempt, prolongs the course and worsens the severity of the DD, and decreases the likelihood of remission of the depressive disorder (10, 11).”
BackgroundReznik, S. J., Sanguinetti, J. L., Tyler, W. J., Daft, C. M. W., & Allen, J. J. B. (2020) · Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.004 · Cited by 96
Maintenance of gains following experiential therapies for depression
Ellison, J. A., Greenberg, L. S., Goldman, R. N., & Angus, L. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014653 · Cited by 91
Bipolar disorder. III: Harm avoidance a risk factor for suicide attempts
Engström, C., Brändström, S., Sigvardsson, S., Cloninger, C. R., & Nylander, P. (2004) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00101.x · Cited by 90
Prevalence and 12-month outcome of threshold and subthreshold mental disorders in primary care
Pini, S., Perkonnig, A., Tansella, M., & Wïttchen, H. (1999) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00141-x · Cited by 90
Comorbidity in generalized anxiety disorder: impact and implications.
Stein, D. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 88
PERLICK, D. A., Nelson, A., Mattias, K., Selzer, J., Kalvin, C. B., Wilber, C. H., Huntington, B., Holman, C. S., & Corrigan, P. W. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.001222011 · Cited by 85
Current issues in anxiety and depression: comorbid, mixed, and subthreshold disorders
Rivas-Vazquez, R. A., Saffa-Biller, D., Ruiz, I., Blais, M. A., & Rivas-Vazquez, A. (2004) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.74 · Cited by 84
Anxiety and Depression: Optimizing Treatments
Ballenger, J. C. (2000) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.v02n0301 · Cited by 83
Stordal, E., Bjelland, I., Dahl, A., & Mykletun, A. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1080/02813430310002030 · Cited by 98
“ment (7), lower treatment response (8) and poorer”
BackgroundRodriguez, B. F., Weisberg, R. B., Pagano, M., Bruce, S., Spencer, M. A., Culpepper, L., & Keller, M. (2006) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000198140.02154.32 · Cited by 79
“Further, the results of controlled treatment studies indicate that GAD patients rarely experience full or sustained recovery from symptoms (Brown et al., 1996; Durham et al., 1997; Yonkers et al., 2003).”
ResultEffect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response in bipolar depression
Tohen, M., Calabrese, J., Vieta, E., Bowden, C., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Lin, D., Xu, W., & Corya, S. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.014 · Cited by 84
“A substantial body of evidence indicates that comorbid anxiety in patients with nonbipolar major depression is associated with more severe symptoms, greater functional impairments (Brown et al., 1996), a more chronic course of illness, poorer outcome, and a higher incidence of relapse (Clayton et al.”
BackgroundRelationships among measures of treatment outcome in depressed patients
Mulder, R. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00080-0 · Cited by 81
Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Pae, C., Serretti, A., Patkar, A. A., & Masand, P. S. (2008) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200822050-00002 · Cited by 78
“prolacpatients tend to be resistant to standard treatment.[4,5] tin increase) and hypercholesterolaemia, are also”
BackgroundA dimensional versus a categorical approach to diagnosis: Anxiety and depression in the HUNT 2 study
Bjelland, I., Lie, S. A., Dahl, A. A., Mykletun, A., Stordal, E., & KRAEMER, H. C. (2009) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.284 · Cited by 89
Depression: relationships to sleep paralysis and other sleep disturbances in a community sample
Szklo‐Coxe, M., Young, T. B., Finn, L. A., & Mignot, E. J.-M. (2007) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00600.x · Cited by 80
“…1991; Fava et al., 1997; Paykel, 1972), depression accompanied by anxiety has been associated with increased psychiatric impairment and symtomatology (Brown et al., 1996; Fava et al., 2004; Paykel, 1972; VanValkenburg et al., 1984), including insomnia (Clayton et al., 1991; Coryell et al., 1998).”
BackgroundmGlu2/3 Receptor Antagonists as Novel Antidepressants
Chaki, S. (2017) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.008 · Cited by 73
van Hees, M. L. J. M., Rotter, T., Ellermann, T., & Evers, S. M. A. A. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-22 · Cited by 74
“Since comorbidity is very common in patients suffering from depression, and this possibly increases the severity of the depression [36-44], this review will focus on MDD as a primary diagnosis with possible comorbidity.”
BackgroundTreatment-resistant panic disorder: clinical significance, concept and management
Chen, M., & Tsai, S. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.001 · Cited by 74
Harkness, E. F., & Bower, P. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000532.pub2 · Cited by 74
Effects of medical and psychological treatment of depression in patients with COPD – A review
Fritzsche, A., Clamor, A., & von Leupoldt, A. (2011) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.014 · Cited by 71
Brown, C., Schulberg, H. C., & Prigerson, H. G. (2000) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(00)00086-4 · Cited by 72
Foley, D. L., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798006977 · Cited by 69
“The prevalence of GAD among subjects diagnosed with a LTH of MD at both index and follow-up, only at index, only at follow-up, or at neither index or follow-up is 23±8% (N¯ 68}286), 7±7% (N¯ 20}276), 2±3% (N¯ 3}130) and 1±6% (N¯ 16}1002) respectively.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDiagnosis of depression by primary care physicians versus a structured diagnostic interview
Tiemens, B. G., VonKorff, M., & Lin, E. H. B. (1999) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(98)00077-2 · Cited by 69
Predictors of outcome in a primary care depression trial
Walker, E. A., Katon, W. J., Russo, J., Korff, M. V., Lin, E. H. B., Simon, G., Bush, T. M., Ludman, E. J., & Unützer, J. (2000) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.91142.x · Cited by 66
IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON THE OUTCOMES OF A PERINATAL DEPRESSION TRIAL
Grote, N. K., Spieker, S. J., Lohr, M. J., Geibel, S., Swartz, H. A., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., & Katon, W. J. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21929 · Cited by 68
“A related speculation is that because childhood maltreatment often predicts the cooccurrence of depression and anxiety disorders[66, 67] and inasmuch as depressed women in IPT-B with more relative to less childhood maltreatment tended to have more anxiety symptoms at baseline, this anxiety co-morbidity may have delaye…”
ResultPsychiatric and Somatic Markers of Anxiety
Gelenberg, A. J. (2000) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.v02n0204 · Cited by 66
Zimmerman, M. A., McGlinchey, J. B., Chelminski, I., & Young, D. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001717 · Cited by 66
“For example, the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders in depressed patients has been associated with a more chronic course of depression in psychiatric patients, primary care patients, and epidemiological samples (Van Valkenberg et al. 1984 ; Coryell et al. 1988 ; Grunhaus, 1988 ; Brown et al. 1996; Fava et al. 1997 ; S…”
BackgroundDepression in primary care: part 2—management
Ramanuj, P., Ferenchick, E. K., & Pincus, H. A. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l835 · Cited by 68
Anxiety disorders in older adults
Lauderdale, S. A., & Sheikh, J. I. (2003) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(03)00047-8 · Cited by 61
Miller, M. L., & McGuire, J. F. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.132 · Cited by 63
“Despite significant reduction in anxiety and OCD symptom severity, many patients remain partially symptomatic or non-responsive to these evidence-based interventions (C. Brown et al., 1996; Springer et al., 2018).”
Good treatment outcomes in late-life depression with comorbid anxiety
Lenze, E. J., Mulsant, B. H., Dew, M. A., Shear, M. K., Houck, P., Pollock, B. G., & Reynolds, C. F. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00177-5 · Cited by 63
“These findings suggest a poorer treatment response in major depressive disorder when comorbid anxiety is present, as in studies in younger adults (Brown et al., 1996; Grunhaus et al., 1986).”
ResultMenchetti, M., Rucci, P., Bortolotti, B., Bombi, A., Scocco, P., KRAEMER, H. C., Berardi, D., & the DEPICS group (2013) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.122663 · Cited by 62
Cuijpers, P. J., van Lier, P. A. C., van Straten, A., & Donker, M. H. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.09.001 · Cited by 64
Longitudinal associations between depressive and anxiety disorders: a comparison of two trait models
Olino, T. M., Klein, D. N., Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001341 · Cited by 62
“This high level of co-morbidity raises important questions about the boundaries between depressive and anxiety disorders (Krueger, 1999 ; Watson, 2005 ; Watson et al. 2006), and has important implications for prognosis and treatment (Brown et al. 1996 ; Barlow et al. 2004 ; Belzer & Schneier, 2004).”
BackgroundMixed Symptoms and Syndromes of Anxiety and Depression: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Etiologic Issues
Barbee, J. G. (1998) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1023/a:1026198512361 · Cited by 60
Management of anxiety disorders: The added challenge of comorbidity
Dünner, D. L. (2001) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.1018 · Cited by 63
“…from both panic disorder and depression, the clinical presentation of both disorders is more severe [Andrade et al., 1994; Vollrath et al., 1990; Brown et al., 1996a; Grunhaus et al., 1994; Reich et al., 1993] and there is a heavier burden of disability, for example, more impairment of daily…”
BackgroundThe nature of anxiety and depression: Implications for prevention.
Dozois, D. J. A., & Westra, H. A. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10722-002 · Cited by 56
Clinician recognition of anxiety disorders in depressed outpatients
Zimmerman, M., & Chelminski, I. (2003) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00020-7 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, C., Schulberg, H. C., Madonia, M. J., Shear, M. K., & Houck, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- ORCID
- M. Katherine Shear
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1996-10-01
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1293-1300
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1563799145
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 15.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r01mh045815-05, 5r24mh053817-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-45815, MH53817, MH-18269, T32MH018269)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, primary care, interpersonal psychotherapy, nortriptyline, antidepressant treatment, treatment outcomes, treatment discontinuation, time to recovery, psychosocial functioning, health-related functioning
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nortriptyline, Primary Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
