The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity
Abstract
The author presents a conceptual model of brand equity from the perspective of the individual consumer. Customer-based brand equity is defined as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand. A brand is said to have positive (negative) customer-based brand equity when consumers react more (less) favorably to an element of the marketing mix for the brand than they do to the same marketing mix element when it is attributed to a fictitiously named or unnamed version of the product or service. Brand knowledge is conceptualized according to an associative network memory model in terms of two components, brand awareness and brand image (i.e., a set of brand associations). Customer-based brand equity occurs when the consumer is familiar with the brand and holds some favorable, strong, and unique brand associations in memory. Issues in building, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity are discussed, as well as areas for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
Raaijmakers, J. G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1981) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.2.93 · Cited by 1,696
Bettman, J. R., & Park, C. W. (1980) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208812 · Cited by 1,344
Research works printed but not linked: 136
- 10.1016/0007-6813(82)90130-6 · DOI
- Aaker David A., 1991, Managing Brand Equity.
- Aaker David A., 1992, Building Strong Brands.
- Aaker David A., 1986, Marketing Research
- 10.1177/002224299005400102 · DOI · Paper page
- Ajzen Icek, 1980, Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior.
- 10.1177/002224378502200309 · DOI
- Alba Joseph W., 1985, Advances in Consumer Research, 12, 410
- 10.1177/002224378602300406 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209080 · DOI · Paper page
- Alba Joseph W., 1991, Handbook of Consumer Theory and Research, 1
- 10.1177/002224376400100305 · DOI · Paper page
- Anderson John R., 1983, The Architecture of Cognition.
- Baker William, 1986, Advances in Consumer Research, 13, 637
- Barwise Patrick, 1989, Accounting for Brands.
- 10.1086/209213 · DOI · Paper page
- Bettman James R., 1979, An Information Processing Theory of Consumer Choice.
- 10.1146/annurev.ps.37.020186.001353 · DOI
- 10.1086/209071 · DOI
- 10.1086/209102 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/mksc.8.4.291 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224379102800102 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/mar.4220040306 · DOI
- Bridges Sheri, 1990, “A Schema Unification Model of Brand Extensions,”
- 10.1086/209145 · DOI · Paper page
- Chaiken Shelley, 1986, Social Influence: The Ontario Symposium, 4
- 10.1086/209140 · DOI
- 10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209081 · DOI
- 10.1177/002224297904300402 · DOI
- 10.1086/208539 · DOI · Paper page
- Dobni Dawn, 1990, Advances in Consumer Research, 17, 110
- Dolan Carrie, 1985, Wall Street Journal.
- 10.1086/209005 · DOI
- Farquhar Peter H., 1989, Marketing Research, 1, 24
- Fazio Russell H., 1987, “Category-Brand Associations and Their Activation From Memory,”
- 10.1086/209214 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60372-X · DOI
- 10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.421 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224297804200207 · DOI
- Fishbein Martin, 1975, Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research.
- 10.1086/209119 · DOI
- Gardner Burleigh B., 1955, Harvard Business Review, 33, 33
- 10.1086/208721 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224299005400402 · DOI · Paper page
- Green Paul E., 1975, Harvard Business Review, 53, 107
- Gregg Vernon H., 1976, Recall and Recognition
- Heckler Susan, 1992, “The Effects of Brand Repositioning on Ad Recall,”
- Herr Paul M., 1990, “Extending Brand Equity to New Categories,”
- 10.1037/0278-7393.8.6.513 · DOI
- Herzog H., 1963, Marketing and the Behavioral Sciences, 76
- 10.1037/0278-7393.10.4.649 · DOI
- 10.1086/209206 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208557 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224378702400403 · DOI
- 10.1086/208544 · DOI · Paper page
- Huber Joel, 1982, Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 428
- Isen Alice M., 1992, Advertising Exposure, Memory, and Choice
- Jacoby Jacob, 1984, Journal of Retailing, 60, 105
- 10.1037/h0032045 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208669 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209010 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209029 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/266945 · DOI
- 10.1086/209116 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224379102800104 · DOI
- Keller Kevin Lane, 1991, Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 436
- Keller Kevin Lane, 1992, Advertising Exposure, Memory, and Choice
- 10.1177/002224379202900104 · DOI · Paper page
- Kotler Philip H., 1991, Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control
- Leuthesser Lance, 1988, “Defining, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity: A Conference Summary,”
- Levitt Theodore, 1960, Harvard Business Review, 38, 45
- Levy Sidney J., 1978, Marketing Behavior: Its Meaning for Management.
- 10.1177/002224298104500304 · DOI
- 10.1002/mar.4220020203 · DOI
- Lockhart Robert S., 1976, Recall and Recognition
- 10.1037/0003-066X.35.5.409 · DOI
- 10.1086/208542 · DOI
- Lutz Richard J., 1991, Perspectives in Consumer Behavior, 317
- 10.1086/209155 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208893 · DOI · Paper page
- MacInnis Deborah J., 1991, “Factors That Influence Consumers’ Evaluations of Brand Extensions,”
- 10.1086/209059 · DOI · Paper page
- Maltz Eliot, 1991, “Managing Brand Equity: A Conference Summary,”
- Maslow Abraham H., 1970, Motivation and Personality
- 10.1086/209217 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224377901600116 · DOI
- Myers James H., 1981, Research in Marketing, 5, 211
- 10.1086/209208 · DOI
- 10.1086/209192 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208556 · DOI · Paper page
- Nedungadi Prakash, 1985, Advances in Consumer Research, 12, 489
- Newman Joseph W., 1957, Harvard Business Review, 35, 95
- Olson Jerry C., 1972, The Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research, 167
- 10.1177/002224298605000401 · DOI
- 10.1086/208859 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209251 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209215 · DOI
- Park Chan-Su, 1991, “Estimation and Prediction of Brand Equities Through Survey Measurement of Consumer Preference Structures,”
- 10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Plummer Joseph T., 1985, Journal of Advertising Research, 24, 27, 10.1080/00218499.1984.12467934 · DOI
- Rangaswamy Arvind, 1990, “Brand Equity and the Extendibility of Brand Names,”
- 10.1037/0033-295X.95.3.385 · DOI · Paper page
- Ray Michael L., 1982, Advertising and Communication Management.
- Ries Al, 1979, Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind.
- 10.1002/mar.4220040103 · DOI
- 10.1108/EUM0000000002563 · DOI
- John Roedder, 1990, “Diluting Brand Equity: The Impact of Brand Extensions,”
- Romeo Jean B., 1990, Advances in Consumer Research, 18, 399
- 10.1016/0010-0285(75)90024-9 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224297103500110 · DOI · Paper page
- Rossiter John R., 1987, Advertising and Promotion Management.
- Russo Edward J., 1980, Advances in Consumer Research, 7, 417
- Simon Carol J., 1990, “The Measurement and Determinants of Brand Equity: A Financial Approach,”
- 10.1086/209136 · DOI
- 10.1177/002224379202900302 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208971 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/mnsc.25.1.11 · DOI
- Srivastava Rajendra, 1991, “Brand Equity: A Perspective on Its Meaning and Measurement,”
- Srull Thomas K., 1984, Handbook of Social Cognition, 2, 1
- 10.1177/002224377801500308 · DOI
- 10.1086/209033 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224378902600407 · DOI
- 10.1086/296509 · DOI
- Tauber Edward M., 1988, Journal of Advertising Research, 28, 26, 10.1080/00218499.1988.12467742 · DOI
- Tulving Endel, 1983, Elements of Episodic Memory.
- 10.1037/h0030185 · DOI
- Ward James, 1986, Advances in Consumer Research, 13, 126
- Wentz Laurel, 1989, Advertising Age, 24
- Wilkie William, 1986, Consumer Behavior.
- Wind Yoram, 1982, Product Policy: Concepts, Methods, and Strategy.
- 10.1037/0033-295X.96.1.58 · DOI
- Yovovich B. G., 1988, Adweek's Marketing Week, 18
- 10.1177/002224298805200302 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255 · Cited by 6,674
The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses
Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1252190 · Cited by 4,197
Muniz, A. M., & O'Guinn, T. C. (2001) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/319618 · Cited by 3,998
Factors affecting trust in market research relationships
Moorman, C., Deshpandé, R., & Zaltman, G. (1993) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299305700106 · Cited by 3,659
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2013.12.002 · Cited by 3,276
Metadata
- Authors
- Keller, K. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-22
- ISSN
- 0022-2429 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-7185
- OpenAlex
- W2266639535
- Cited by
- 14,686
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 114.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.