Cited by 1,291Psychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and AssessmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale

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de Jong-Gierveld, Jenny, Kamphuls, Frans·1985·Applied Psychological Measurement

DOI 10.1177/014662168500900307

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Abstract

This paper describes an attempt to construct a measuring instrument for loneliness that meets the cri teria of a Rasch scale. Rasch (1960, 1966) proposed a latent trait model for the unidimensional scaling of di chotomous items that does not suffer from the inade quacies of classical approaches. The resulting Rasch scale of this study, which is based on data from 1,201 employed, disabled, and jobless adults, consists of five positive and six negative items. The positive items assess feelings of belongingness, whereas the negative items apply to three separate aspects of miss ing relationships. The techniques for testing the as sumptions underlying the Rasch model are compared with their counterparts from classical test theory, and the implications for the methodology of scale con struction are discussed.

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“The scale developed by de Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis in 1985 (de Jong Gierveld & Kamphuis, 1985) was revised by van Tilburg and de Jong Gierveld (1999).”
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“27 Loneliness was surveyed with two items from the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale 28 : ‘‘I often feel aban-doned’’ and ‘‘I miss security and warmth,’’ both of which correlate with r = 0.50 (response categories: from 1 ‘‘not at all true’’ to 4 ‘‘fully true’’; a = 0.65).”
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“These categories were aimed to parallel the “social” and “emotional” aspect of loneliness measured in the DeJong scale [122].”
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“Several studies used the 11-item loneliness scale (de Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls 1985) to assess emotional loneliness (i.e. the feeling of lacking an intimate relationship) and social loneliness (i.e. the feeling of lacking a broader social network) in adults with hearing loss (e.g. Kramer et al.…”
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“The DJGLS (de Jong Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985) consists of 11 items (examples: “I often feel rejected”, “There are enough people I feel close to”), to which interviewees respond using a 4–point scale ranging from 1 (yes”
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“(3) The De Jong Gierveld scale for measuring the sense of loneliness [19] and its Polish adaptation [20] allows to measure the perceived loneliness both in individual diagnosis and in scientific research.”
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Authors: de Jong-Gierveld, J., & Kamphuls, F.
Affiliations: Free University, Amsterdam
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Venue: Applied Psychological Measurement
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1985-09
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 289-299
ISSN: 0146-6216 (ISSN-L)
1552-3497
DOI: 10.1177/014662168500900307
OpenAlex: W1928146223
Cited by: 1,291
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 84 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
purl.umn.edu
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Applied Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: loneliness, Rasch model, scale development, latent trait models, dichotomous items, sense of belonging, classical test theory comparison

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The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale

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