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The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale
Open accessAbstract
This paper describes an attempt to construct a measuring instrument for loneliness that meets the cri teria of a Rasch scale. Rasch (1960, 1966) proposed a latent trait model for the unidimensional scaling of di chotomous items that does not suffer from the inade quacies of classical approaches. The resulting Rasch scale of this study, which is based on data from 1,201 employed, disabled, and jobless adults, consists of five positive and six negative items. The positive items assess feelings of belongingness, whereas the negative items apply to three separate aspects of miss ing relationships. The techniques for testing the as sumptions underlying the Rasch model are compared with their counterparts from classical test theory, and the implications for the methodology of scale con struction are discussed.
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“It is likely that studies with more comprehensive measures of loneliness (e.g., the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale [de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985)] or the UCLA loneliness scale [Russell, 1996]) are better able to detect associations between loneliness and subsequent cognitive decline.”
From Longitudinal Associations Between Loneliness and Cognitive Ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (2019) · cites this paper as de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985
In the citing paper
“factor analyses of the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale have revealed anywhere from two to five dimensions, with second-order factor analyses yielding a single hierarchical loneliness construct.”
From Loneliness and health in older adults: a mini-review and synthesis (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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Citations
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Items 101–200 of 1,000
Hoogendijk, E. O., Suanet, B., Dent, E., Deeg, D. J. H., & Aartsen, M. (2015) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.09.002 · Cited by 179
Loneliness Among Older Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: The Role of Minority Stress
Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2009) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9513-7 · Cited by 178
“Loneliness was measured using the Loneliness Scale developed by de Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis (1985) .”
MethodEffects of preventive home visits to elderly people.
van Rossum, E., Frederiks, C. M. A., Philipsen, H., Portengen, K., Wiskerke, J., & Knipschild, P. G. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.27 · Cited by 177
As, B. A. L. V., Imbimbo, E., Franceschi, A., Menesini, E., & Nocentini, A. (2021) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610221000399 · Cited by 203
“…included the UCLA Loneliness Scale (University of California, Los Angeles) (Rus-sell et al. , 1980), the Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale (RTLS) (De Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls, 1985), and the Short Loneliness Scale of Hughes and colleagues (Hughes et al. , 2004), while fi ve others utilized a…”
Leung, G. T. Y., Gierveld, J. D. J., & LAM, L. C. W. (2008) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610208007552 · Cited by 182
Does loneliness mediate the relation between social support and cognitive functioning in later life
Ellwardt, L., Aartsen, M., Deeg, D., & Steverink, N. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.002 · Cited by 167
“Loneliness ismeasuredwith theDe JongGierveld Loneliness Scale (De Jong Gierveld & Kamphuis, 1985).”
Veld, L. P. M. O. H., van Rossum, E., Kempen, G. I. J. M., de Vet, H. C. W., Hajema, K., & Beurskens, A. J. H. M. (2015) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0078-0 · Cited by 173
Malcolm, M., Frost, H., & Cowie, J. (2019) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-019-0968-x · Cited by 194
The Netherlands study of depression in older persons (NESDO); a prospective cohort study
Comijs, H. C., van Marwijk, H., van der Mast, R. C., Naarding, P., Voshaar, R. C. O., Beekman, A. T. F., Boshuisen, M. L., Dekker, J. H., Kok, R., de Waal, M. W. M., et al. (2011) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-524 · Cited by 174
“[58] Details about present social support from the four most intimate persons were assessed with the Close Person Inventory, [59] and a self-report questionnaire on loneliness and affiliation [60].”
MethodSocial Isolation and Loneliness: Differences between Older Rural and Urban Manitobans
Havens, B., Hall, M., Sylvestre, G. M., & Jivan, T. (2004) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1353/cja.2004.0022 · Cited by 170
Melis, R. J. F., van Eijken, M. I. J., Teerenstra, S., van Achterberg, T., Parker, S. G., Borm, G. F., van de Lisdonk, E. H., Wensing, M., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.3.283 · Cited by 170
“Interventions–psychoeducation Patient 23 ( 27 )”
InfluentialLoneliness and Self-Management Abilities in the Visually Impaired Elderly
Alma, M., van der Mei, S. F., Feitsma, W. N., Groothoff, J. W., van Tilburg, T. G., & Suurmeijer, T. P. B. M. (2011) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264311399758 · Cited by 175
Top-down purification of Tobacyk’s Revised Paranormal Belief Scale
Lange, R., Irwin, H. J., & Houran, J. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00183-x · Cited by 168
Parry, S. W., Bamford, C., Deary, V., Finch, T. L., Gray, J., MacDonald, C., McMeekin, P. J., Sabin, N., Steen, I. N., Whitney, S. L., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20560 · Cited by 175
Development of loneliness in midlife and old age: Its nature and correlates.
von Soest, T., Luhmann, M., Hansen, T., & Gerstorf, D. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000219 · Cited by 184
Loneliness and Ethnic Minority Elders in Great Britain: An Exploratory Study
Victor, C. R., Burholt, V., & Martin, W. E. (2012) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1007/s10823-012-9161-6 · Cited by 186
Penning, M. J., Liu, G., & Chou, P. H. B. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0461-1 · Cited by 181
Schilp, J., Wijnhoven, H. A. H., Deeg, D. J. H., & Visser, M. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511000717 · Cited by 166
“Loneliness was measured with a Dutch validated loneliness scale (40) .”
Methodvan Baarsen, B. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/57.1.s33 · Cited by 165
Holvast, F., Burger, H., de Waal, M. M. W., van Marwijk, H. W. J., Comijs, H. C., & Verhaak, P. F. M. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.036 · Cited by 164
Schaakxs, R., Comijs, H. C., Lamers, F., Kok, R. M., Beekman, A. T. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30166-4 · Cited by 166
The older, the lonelier? Risk factors for social loneliness in old age
Heylen, L. (2010) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x10000292 · Cited by 179
“This asked several questions about actual social relations and relationship standards, and administered the de Jong-Gierveld loneliness scale (de Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuis 1985).”
MethodAgeing and loneliness: The role of mobility and the built environment
van den Berg, P., Kemperman, A. D. A. M., de Kleijn, B., & Borgers, A. W. J. (2015) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2015.03.001 · Cited by 178
Evaluating the Big Five as an organizing framework for commonly used psychological trait scales.
Bainbridge, T. F., Ludeke, S. G., & Smillie, L. D. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000395 · Cited by 186
Emotional and social loneliness and their unique links with social isolation, depression and anxiety
Wolters, N. E., Mobach, L., Wuthrich, V. M., Vonk, P., der Heijde, C. M. V., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Rapee, R. M., & Klein, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.096 · Cited by 197
“…(DJGLS), there is an ongoing debate about the potential bias caused by the negatively and positively worded items for the emotional loneliness and social loneliness subscales respectively: the method effect (de Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis, 1985; Penning et al., 2013; Tom ´ as et al., 2017).”
Gierveld, J. D. J., & van Tilburg, T. G. (1999) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1023/a:1006600825693 · Cited by 168
“The second measuring instrument consisted of five positive and six negative items (De Jong Gierveld & Kamphuis 1985).”
Towards understanding successful ageing: patterned change in resources and goals
Steverink, N., Lindenberg, S. M., & Ormel, J. (1998) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x98007004 · Cited by 164
“that assesses non-aection ( DeJong-Gierveld and Kamphuis 1985 ) and comfort by an ADL}IADL-scale (Kempen and Suurmeijer 1990).”
BackgroundValidating the Polish Adaptation of the 11-Item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale
Grygiel, P., Humenny, G., Rębisz, S., Świtaj, P., & Sikorska, J. (2012) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000130 · Cited by 170
Loneliness in urban neighbourhoods: an Anglo-Dutch comparison
Scharf, T., & Gierveld, J. D. J. (2008) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-008-0080-x · Cited by 167
“Loneliness: In both countries, the degree of loneliness was measured using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale ( de Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis 1985; de Jong Gierveld and van Tilburg 1999a).”
MethodShah, S. G. S., Nogueras, D., van Woerden, H. C., & Kiparoglou, V. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24712 · Cited by 176
“…options, scoring methods, total scores, and scale versions (for details, refer to the studies by Russell [51] and Russell et al [47] for the UCLA loneliness scale and the studies by De Jong-Gierveld and Tilburg [49] and De Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls [63] for the De Jong-Gierveld loneliness scale).”
A community survey of loneliness
Lauder, W., Sharkey, S., & Mummery, K. (2004) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2003.02968.x · Cited by 154
Gaggioli, A., Morganti, L., Bonfiglio, S., Scaratti, C., Cipresso, P., Serino, S., & Riva, G. (2013) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.844042 · Cited by 155
Fitting the Two-Parameter Model to Personality Data
Reise, S. P., & Waller, N. G. (1990) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662169001400105 · Cited by 157
Concepts of Self-Rated Health: Specifying the Gender Difference in Mortality Risk
Deeg, D. J. H., & Kriegsman, D. M. W. (2003) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/43.3.376 · Cited by 154
Holwerda, T. J., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J. H., Schutter, N., Van, R., Dekker, J., Stek, M. L., Beekman, A. T. F., & Schoevers, R. A. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.168005 · Cited by 153
“22 The scale items were developed using Weiss’ distinction between social and emotional loneliness with emotional loneliness stemming from the absence of an intimate relationship or a close emotional attachment and social loneliness stemming from the absence of a broader group of contacts or an…”
Sarant, J. Z., Harris, D., Busby, P. A., Maruff, P. T., Schembri, A. J., Lemke, U., & Launer, S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9010254 · Cited by 162
“The Loneliness Scale [43] is an 11-item scale designed to measure subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation.”
BackgroundReasons and determinants for not receiving treatment for common mental disorders
van Beljouw, I., Verhaak, P., Prins, M., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B., & Bensing, J. (2010) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.3.250 · Cited by 143
Correlates of Life Space in a Volunteer Cohort of Older Adults
Barnes, L. L., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., de Leon, C. F. M., Kim, H.-J. N., Buchman, A. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2006) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730601006420 · Cited by 154
Determinants of Loneliness among Older Adults in Canada
Gierveld, J. D. J., Keating, N. C., & Fast, J. E. (2015) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980815000070 · Cited by 162
“The scale comprises 6 items, 3 of which are indicators of emotional loneliness and 3 are indicators of social loneliness (De Jong Gierveld & Kamphuis, 1985 ; De Jong Gierveld & Van Tilburg, 1999 , 2006 , 2010 ).”
Beller, J., & Wagner, A. S. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264316685843 · Cited by 157
Conceptualizations and measures of loneliness: a comparison of subscales
Cramer, K. M., & Barry, J. E. (1999) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00257-8 · Cited by 139
Immigration and loneliness in later life
Wu, Z. L., & Penning, M. J. (2013) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x13000470 · Cited by 164
Risk Factors for Depression: Differential Across Age?
Schaakxs, R., Comijs, H. C., van der Mast, R. C., Schoevers, R. A., Beekman, A. T. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2017.04.004 · Cited by 150
Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Prina, M. A., Wong, G. H. Y., Mayston, R., & Li, L. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221127218 · Cited by 194
“Both dimensions have been included in prominent scales of loneliness, such as the De Jong Gierveld (DJG) Loneliness Scale (De Jong Gierveld & Van Tilburg, 2006).”
MethodInfluentialLoneliness among Older Adults in the Netherlands, Italy, and Canada: A Multifaceted Comparison
van Tilburg, T. G., Havens, B., & Gierveld, J. D. J. (2004) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1353/cja.2004.0026 · Cited by 142
Loneliness and solitude in adolescence: A confirmatory factor analysis of alternative models
Goossens, L., Lasgaard, M., Luyckx, K., Vanhalst, J., Mathias, S., & Masy, E. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.011 · Cited by 138
Frailty Combined with Loneliness or Social Isolation: An Elevated Risk for Mortality in Later Life
Hoogendijk, E. O., Smit, A. P., van Dam, C. S., Schuster, N. A., de Breij, S., Holwerda, T. J., Huisman, M. A., Dent, E., & Andrew, M. K. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16716 · Cited by 152
“Scores range from 0 to 11, with a score of 3 or higher indicating the presence of loneliness.(34) Because a standard instrument for measuring social isolation is not available, social isolation was operationalized by combining information on partner status, social support, and network size.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDoes unemployment lead to greater levels of loneliness? A systematic review
Morrish, N., & Medina‐Lara, A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114339 · Cited by 149
“In this review 13 studies opted for a form of UCLA Loneliness scale (Russell et al., 1978), 9 studies for a form of De Jong Gierveld scale (de Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls, 1985), 2 studies used the SELSA (Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults) (DiTommaso and Spinner, 1993), and 2 the…”
BackgroundMethodThe demographics of loneliness among older people in Perth, Western Australia
Steed, L., Boldy, D., Grenade, L., & Iredell, H. (2007) · Australasian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/j.1741-6612.2007.00221.x · Cited by 118
van Beljouw, I. M., Verhaak, P. F., Cuijpers, P., van Marwijk, H. W., & Penninx, B. W. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-86 · Cited by 128
“The De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale [24] measures the amount of loneliness a respondent experiences by citing 11 statements such as ‘I often feel rejected’, which can be rated on a 3-point Likert scale.”
BackgroundBalki, E., Hayes, N., & Holland, C. (2022) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/40125 · Cited by 132
Kempen, G. I. J. M., & Eijk, L. M. V. (1995) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01079163 · Cited by 131
Cohen‐Mansfield, J., Shmotkin, D., Blumstein, Z. N., Shorek, A., Eyal, N., & Hazan, H. (2013) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ag.77.1.c · Cited by 131
“Regarding loneliness, our findings corroborate the results of previous longitudinal studies, which used an 11-item loneliness scale (de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985) reporting increased loneliness as years pass among older adults (mean age 73) at 7-year follow-up (Dykstra, van Tilburg, &…”
ResultHow (Not) to Measure Loneliness: A Review of the Eight Most Commonly Used Scales
Maes, M., Qualter, P., Lodder, G. M. A., & Mund, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710816 · Cited by 160
Nyqvist, F., Cattan, M., Andersson, L., Forsman, A. K., & Gustafson, Y. (2013) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264313497508 · Cited by 130
Psychosocial Adjustment and the Meaning of Social Support for Visually Impaired Adolescents
Kef, S. (2002) · Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness · doi:10.1177/0145482x0209600104 · Cited by 127
van den Brink, R. H. S., Schutter, N., Hanssen, D. J. C., Elzinga, B. M., Rabeling-Keus, I. M., Stek, M. L., Comijs, H. C., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Voshaar, R. C. O. (2017) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796017000014 · Cited by 130
Zhang, Y., Kuang, J., Xin, Z., Fang, J., Song, R., Yang, Y., Song, P., Wang, Y., & Wang, J. (2023) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2023.104980 · Cited by 152
European and Canadian Studies of Loneliness among Seniors
Perlman, D. (2004) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1353/cja.2004.0025 · Cited by 126
“In the case of de Jong Gierveld’s scale, early analyses found ambiguous evidence regarding its unidimensionality, leading de Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis (1985) to conclude that “there were no theoretical grounds for bidimensionality” (p.”
BackgroundBlom, J. W., den Elzen, W. P. J., van Houwelingen, A. H., Heijmans, M., Stijnen, T., van den Hout, W. B., & Gussekloo, J. (2016) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afv174 · Cited by 125
“Self-rated loneliness was assessed with the Loneliness Scale of De Jong Gierveld (DJG), an 11-item questionnaire covering both emotional loneliness (6 items) and social loneliness (5 items) that were specifically developed for use in elderly populations (higher score means more social problems) [18].”
MethodPersonality and the onset of depression in late life
Steunenberg, B., Beekman, A. T. F., Deeg, D. J. H., & Kerkhof, A. J. F. M. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.003 · Cited by 132
Newall, N. E. G., Chipperfield, J. G., Bailis, D. S., & Stewart, T. L. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029413 · Cited by 119
Font, J., & Méndez, M. (2013) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_450851 · Cited by 119
Mund, M., & Neyer, F. J. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12188 · Cited by 131
Cooper, M., Avery, L., Scott, J., Ashley, K., Jordan, C., Errington, L., & Flynn, D. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060214 · Cited by 126
Alsarrani, A., Hunter, R. F., Dunne, L., & Garcia, L. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14776-4 · Cited by 124
Self-presentation styles, privacy, and loneliness as predictors of Facebook use in young people
Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Boruch, W., & Bałakier, E. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.051 · Cited by 117
Personal Networks and Mortality Risk in Older Adults: A Twenty-Year Longitudinal Study
Ellwardt, L., van Tilburg, T. G., Aartsen, M., Wittek, R. P. M., & Steverink, N. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116731 · Cited by 125
“Feelings of emotional and social loneliness were measured with the two-dimensional 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale [20].”
MethodWhere Dating Meets Data: Investigating Social and Institutional Privacy Concerns on Tinder
Lutz, C., & Ranzini, G. (2017) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305117697735 · Cited by 116
Loneliness and mental health: The mediating effect of perceived social support
Hutten, E., Jongen, E. M. M., Vos, A. E. C. C., van den Hout, A. J. H. C., & van Lankveld, J. J. D. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211963 · Cited by 117
“Loneliness was measured using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness scale (De Jong Gierveld Eenzaamheidsschaal) [57].”
MethodLapane, K. L., Lim, E., McPhillips, E., Barooah, A., Yuan, Y., & Dube, C. E. (2022) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104728 · Cited by 143
Theoretical and Empirical Comparison of the Mokken and the Rasch Approach to IRT
Meijer, R. R., Sijtsma, K., & Smid, N. G. (1990) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662169001400306 · Cited by 117
DE BEURS, E., BEEKMAN, A. T. F., DEEG, D. J. H., VAN DYCK, R., & VAN TILBURG, W. (2000) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799001956 · Cited by 118
“Finally, selfreported loneliness was assessed on an 11-point scale (1¯not lonely to 11¯ very lonely, de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuis, 1985).”
MethodEffects of a Peer-Run Course on Recovery From Serious Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
van Gestel-Timmermans, H., Brouwers, E. P. M., van Assen, M. A. L. M., & van Nieuwenhuizen, C. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201000450 · Cited by 116
COVID ‐19 in the geriatric population
Roy, J., Jain, R., Golamari, R. R., Vunnam, R. R., & Sahu, N. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5389 · Cited by 123
“The prevalence of loneliness is difficult to understand, and a variety of tools have been developed to assess for loneliness including the de Jong Gierveld (dJG) Loneliness scale and UCLA Loneliness scale.(14,15) Perissinotto et al.”
MethodErdil, O., & Ertosun, Ö. G. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.091 · Cited by 112
“In order to understand the antecedent of loneliness not only individual factors but also the social environment either causing or perpetuating loneliness should be investigated [9].”
BackgroundDeterminants of help-seeking behavior in depression: a cross-sectional study
Boerema, A. M., Kleiboer, A., Beekman, A. T. F., van Zoonen, K., Dijkshoorn, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0790-0 · Cited by 110
Nadimpalli, S. B., James, B. D., Yu, L., Cothran, F. A., & Barnes, L. L. (2014) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2015.978201 · Cited by 110
Determinants of quality of life amongst older people in deprived neighbourhoods
Smith, A. E., Sim, J., Scharf, T., & Phillipson, C. (2004) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x04002569 · Cited by 108
“Loneliness Measured using the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (De Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis 1985).”
MethodPeerenboom, L., Collard, R. M., Naarding, P., & Comijs, H. C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.033 · Cited by 127
Martina, C. M. S., & Stevens, N. L. (2006) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860600637893 · Cited by 105
Loneliness and the risk of dementia among older Chinese adults: gender differences
Zhou, Z., Wang, P., & Fang, Y. (2017) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1277976 · Cited by 112
Computerized adaptive personality assessment: An illustration with the Absorption scale.
Waller, N. G., & Reise, S. P. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.1051 · Cited by 106
Jabaaij, L., Grosheide, P. M., Heijtink, R. A., Duivenvoorden, H. J., BALLIEUX, R. E., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90138-6 · Cited by 103
A scoping review of studies investigating hearing loss, social isolation and/or loneliness in adults
Bott, A., & Saunders, G. H. (2021) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2021.1915506 · Cited by 109
“Specifically, 10 studies used the de Jong Loneliness Scale (De Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls 1985) and 11 used a version of the UCLA loneliness scale (Hays and DiMatteo 1987; Hughes et al. 2004; Russell 1996; Russell, Peplau, and Cutrona 1980).”
MethodRurup, M. L., Deeg, D. J. H., Poppelaars, J. L., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., & Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D. (2011) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000079 · Cited by 111
Beekman, A. T. F., Deeg, D. J. H., Geerlings, S. W., Schoevers, R. A., Smit, J. H., & van Tilburg, W. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00243-3 · Cited by 103
Nuyen, J., Tuithof, M., de Graaf, R., van Dorsselaer, S., Kleinjan, M., & ten Have, M. (2019) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01778-8 · Cited by 116
The transition to parenthood and well-being: The impact of partner status and work hour transitions.
Keizer, R., Dykstra, P. A., & Poortman, A. (2010) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020414 · Cited by 101
Relating Hearing Aid Use to Social and Emotional Loneliness in Older Adults
Weinstein, B. E., Sirow, L., & Moser, S. (2016) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2015_aja-15-0055 · Cited by 117
Pronk, M., Deeg, D. J. H., Smits, C., Twisk, J. W. R., van Tilburg, T. G., Festen, J. Μ., & Kramer, S. E. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264314529329 · Cited by 100
“Loneliness was measured with the social (five items) and emotional (six items) loneliness subscale of the De Jong Gierveld scale (De Jong Gierveld & Kamphuis, 1985; De Jong Gierveld & van Tilburg, 1999).”
InfluentialA Smart-Home System to Unobtrusively and Continuously Assess Loneliness in Older Adults
Austin, J., Dodge, H. H., Riley, T., Jacobs, P. G., Thielke, S. M., & Kaye, J. A. (2016) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2016.2579638 · Cited by 100
Michielsen, M., Comijs, H. C., Aartsen, M. J., Semeijn, E. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Deeg, D. J. H., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713515748 · Cited by 107
Frequency and determinants of advance directives concerning end-of-life care in The Netherlands
Rurup, M. L., Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D., van der Heide, A., van der Wal, G., & Deeg, D. J. H. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.010 · Cited by 99
Domènech‐Abella, J., Mundó, J., Switsers, L., van Tilburg, T. G., Fernández, D., & Aznar‐Lou, I. (2021) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5560 · Cited by 113
Sarant, J. Z., Harris, D., Busby, P. A., Maruff, P. T., Schembri, A. J., Dowell, R. C., & Briggs, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00789 · Cited by 97
“GML IDN OCL ONB DET PS MC BPTA Past smoking years −0.03 −0.19 −0.07 −0.02 0.08 0.02 −0.03 −0.01 Memory complaints score −0.19 −0.19 0.11 −0.30 −0.12 0.16 0.27 −0.04 HUI3 – total scores −0.19 0.14 0.40 0 −0.05 −0.11 0.24 0.01 HUI3 hearing disability score −0.12 0.19 0.11 0.12 −0.02 −0.15 −0.03 −0.08 IPAQ activity – tot…”
BackgroundInfluentialUram, P., & Skalski‐Bednarz, S. B. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120980970 · Cited by 120
Wang, K., Frison, E., Eggermont, S., & Vandenbosch, L. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.008 · Cited by 93
Vink, D., Aartsen, M., Comijs, H. C., Heymans, M. W., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Stek, M. L., Deeg, D. J. H., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2009) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181a65228 · Cited by 99
Peer support for people with schizophrenia or other serious mental illness
Chien, W. T., Clifton, A., Zhao, S., & Lui, S. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010880.pub2 · Cited by 95
Metadata
- Authors
- de Jong-Gierveld, J., & Kamphuls, F.
- Affiliations
- Free University, Amsterdam
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Applied Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1985-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 289-299
- ISSN
- 0146-6216 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3497
- OpenAlex
- W1928146223
- Cited by
- 1,291
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- purl.umn.edu
- Locations
- Applied Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- loneliness, Rasch model, scale development, latent trait models, dichotomous items, sense of belonging, classical test theory comparison
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