Cited by 1,291Psychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and AssessmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale

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de Jong-Gierveld, Jenny, Kamphuls, Frans·1985·Applied Psychological Measurement

DOI 10.1177/014662168500900307

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Abstract

This paper describes an attempt to construct a measuring instrument for loneliness that meets the cri teria of a Rasch scale. Rasch (1960, 1966) proposed a latent trait model for the unidimensional scaling of di chotomous items that does not suffer from the inade quacies of classical approaches. The resulting Rasch scale of this study, which is based on data from 1,201 employed, disabled, and jobless adults, consists of five positive and six negative items. The positive items assess feelings of belongingness, whereas the negative items apply to three separate aspects of miss ing relationships. The techniques for testing the as sumptions underlying the Rasch model are compared with their counterparts from classical test theory, and the implications for the methodology of scale con struction are discussed.

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“LASA measured loneliness with the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale 45 .”
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“Defined this way, social isolation is intentionally distinguished from loneliness and perceived social isolation, both of which refer to a subjective and negatively experienced discrepancy between quality and number of actual relationships and a person's desires or standards about relationships (e.g. Cacioppo & Caciop…”
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“Secondary outcomes will include depression (PHQ9) [27] at one and twelve months, and loneliness (De Jong Gierveld Scale– 11 items) [32]; social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale—6 items) [33]; anxiety (GAD7) [34]; and health related quality of life (SF-12v2 [35] and EQ-5D-3L [36]) at one, three and twelve months…”
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“Voor eenzaamheid is gebruikgemaakt van de score op de elf stellingen van de De Jong-Gierveld-schaal [8].”
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“Measures of loneliness and social connectedness at initial and end of intervention: De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale [49]) Social participation using eight items developed for the Canadian Community Health Survey 4.2 [50], to determine the frequency of participation in family, friendship, and activities with other pe…”
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“Other studies have demonstrated that this scale has favorable psychometric properties [17].”
Background
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“The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS) measured loneliness; overall scale scores range from 0 to 11, with higher scores indicating greater loneliness (de Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls, 1985).”
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“Loneliness is measured with 5 items from a modi ﬁ ed version of the de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale (de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985) and includes items such as “ I often feel abandoned, ” and, “ I miss having a really close friend.”
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“Loneliness: To measure loneliness, the 11-item version of De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS) was administered (de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985; Grygiel et al., 2013).”
Improving the Social Connectedness of Older Adults Through Digital Social Gaming - A Pilot Study
Janssen, J. H. M., van Es, V. E., Châtel, B. D. L., Tieben, R., Deen, M., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., & Peeters, G. M. E. E. (2023) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-023-00344-z · Cited by 10
“This is a validated shortened version of the eleven-item original scale (De Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985), with comparable validity and reliability (De Jong Gierveld & Van Tilburg, 2006).”
Loneliness Literacy Scale: Development and Evaluation of an Early Indicator for Loneliness Prevention
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Authors: de Jong-Gierveld, J., & Kamphuls, F.
Affiliations: Free University, Amsterdam
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Venue: Applied Psychological Measurement
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1985-09
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 289-299
ISSN: 0146-6216 (ISSN-L)
1552-3497
DOI: 10.1177/014662168500900307
OpenAlex: W1928146223
Cited by: 1,291
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 84 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
purl.umn.edu
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Applied Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: loneliness, Rasch model, scale development, latent trait models, dichotomous items, sense of belonging, classical test theory comparison

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The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale

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