Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and asymmetry of the caudate nucleus.
Abstract
The neurologic basis of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is poorly understood. Based on previous studies that have implicated metabolic deficiencies in the caudate-striatal region in ADHD, we employed magnetic resonance imaging to investigate patterns of morphology of the head of the caudate nucleus in normal and ADHD children. In normal children, 72.7% evidenced a left-larger-than-right (L > R) pattern of asymmetry, whereas 63.6% of the ADHD children had the reverse (L < R) pattern of asymmetry of the head of the caudate nucleus. This reversal of normal asymmetry in ADHD children was due to a significantly smaller left caudate nucleus. The reversal in asymmetry of the head of the caudate was most notable in ADHD males. These results suggest that normal (L > R) morphologic asymmetry in the region of the caudate nucleus may be related to asymmetries observed in neurotransmitter systems implicated in ADHD. The behavioral symptoms of ADHD may reflect disinhibition from normal levels of dominant hemispheric control, possibly correlated with deviations in asymmetric caudate-striatal morphology and deficiencies in associated neurotransmitter systems. (J Child Neurol 1993;8:339-347).
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Dopaminergic hypofunction is thought to play an important role in the etiology of ADHD.
“The neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD are not well established; however, dopaminergic hypofunction is thought to play an important role in the etiology of this disorder (Hynd et al., 1993; Gill et al., 1997; Waldman et al., 1998; Russell, 2003; Bush et al., 2005; Sagvolden et al., 2005b).”
From The Effects of Methylphenidate on Goal-directed Behavior in a Rat Model of ADHD (2015) · cites this paper as Hynd et al., 1993
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- Authors
- Hynd, G. W., Hern, K. L., Novey, E. S., Eliopulos, D., Marshall, R., Gonzalez, J. J., & Voeller, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Athens Magnetic Imaging, Athens, GA
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Neurology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 339-347
- ISSN
- 0883-0738 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-8283
- OpenAlex
- W2050499198
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, caudate nucleus, hemispheric lateralization, neurotransmitter systems, disinhibition, sex differences, children
- MeSH terms
- Acetyltransferases, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Caudate Nucleus, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Child, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Activity, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sex Factors
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