Neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Rationale Features of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persist into adulthood. It has been shown that adult ADHD is associated with various neurocognitive deficits, including impairments in spatial working memory (SWM) and attention. It is not known whether these deficits are ameliorated by methylphenidate in adult ADHD. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurocognitive effects of a single dose of methylphenidate on SWM, visual memory, spatial span and sustained attention in adult ADHD. Methods Twenty-four adult patients, recruited from a specialised clinic for the assessment of adult ADHD, were entered into a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study using a single 30 mg dose of methylphenidate. Results Eighteen patients met DSM-IV criteria for adult ADHD. Methylphenidate resulted in an improvement in SWM performance and sustained attention, together with a speeding in response time, in these patients. Six patients with attentional difficulties, who did not meet a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, showed a different pattern of response to methylphenidate compared to the ADHD group. For the combined group, moderate correlations were shown between childhood ratings of ADHD (both self-reported and informant ratings) and response to methylphenidate on the SWM task. Conclusions Adults with ADHD had a similar neurocognitive response to methylphenidate to that previously reported for childhood ADHD. Our results provide fur…
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The results support observations that in adult ADHD, stimulants produce little improvement on a variety of neuropsychological tasks.
“Mechanisms linking pharmacological actions of stimulants to neuropsychological processes are speculative, although our results support observations that, in adult ADHD, stimulants seem to produce little improvement on a variety of neuropsychological tasks (Advokat, 2010; Turner et al., 2005).”
From Cognitive heterogeneity in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic analysis of neuropsychological measurements (2015) · cites this paper as Turner et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Turner, D. C., Blackwell, A. D., Dowson, J. H., McLean, A., & Sahakian, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sahakian, Barbara J.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2004-08-27
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 286-295
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2058391602
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, methylphenidate, spatial working memory, sustained attention, visual memory, spatial span, reaction time (psychology), neurocognitive effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Methylphenidate, Microcomputers, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation, Pain Measurement, Problem Solving, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies
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