Cited by 27Pharmacology and Obesity TreatmentBariatric Surgery and OutcomesObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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Epidemiology of Obesity and Pharmacologic Treatment Options

Shettar, Vignesh, Patel, Sarang, Kidambi, Srividya·2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice

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Abstract

Prevalence of obesity and its related morbidity have increased to alarming levels in adults and children in the United States and globally. Weight loss results in improvement of much of the obesity‐related morbidity. Lifestyle changes such as dietary modifications, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy form the crux of weight management. However, many individuals need additional assistance (pharmacologic or surgical) to initiate or sustain weight loss. Pharmacologic therapy consists of a number of agents that work by decreasing appetite, gastric emptying, or nutrient absorption or by increasing satiety. Five classes of drug are currently approved for adults, including sympathomimetics (with and without an antiepileptic agent topiramate), gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors, serotonin agonists, glucagon‐like peptide 1 agonists, and antidepressant/opioid antagonist combination. Pharmacologic options for children with obesity are minimal (lipase inhibitor orlistat is the only approved medication for children aged >12 years); however, all adult medications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for children aged >16 years old. While side effect profiles of these medications are far superior to older medications, their use is limited by lack of long‐term cardiovascular safety data, costs of medications and variable insurance coverages, and the need for continued usage for sustainable benefits. Weight loss medications may induce complacence, on part of both the patient and the provider, regarding lifestyle modifications, without which the drug therapy is almost certain to be of minimal benefit. Several novel drugs are in the pipeline targeting brown fat, energy expenditure, appetite suppression, and satiety.

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Authors: Shettar, V., Patel, S., & Kidambi, S.
Affiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
Corresponding author: Kidambi, Srividya
ORCID: Kidambi, Srividya
Venue: Nutrition in Clinical Practice
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-06-20
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Pages: 441-462
ISSN: 0884-5336 (ISSN-L)
1941-2452
DOI: 10.1177/0884533617713189
OpenAlex: W2628165181
Cited by: 26
References: 234
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7
FWCI: 0.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Nutrition in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: obesity, obesity pharmacotherapy, anti-obesity drugs, obesity prevalence, childhood obesity, sympathomimetic drugs, topiramate, lipase inhibitors, orlistat, serotonin receptor agonists, GLP-1 receptor agonists, lifestyle modification, brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, adverse drug reactions, cardiovascular safety, obesity-related morbidity
MeSH terms: Diet, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Life Style, Obesity, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Weight Loss, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Anti-Obesity Agents, Disease Management

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