Development and Validation of a State-Based Measure of Emotion Dysregulation: The State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)

Lavender, Jason M.; Tull, Matthew T.; DiLillo, David; Messman-Moore, Terri; Gratz, Kim L.

doi:10.1177/1073191115601218

Cited by 165Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

Development and Validation of a State-Based Measure of Emotion Dysregulation: The State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)

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Lavender, Jason M., Tull, Matthew T., DiLillo, David, Messman-Moore, Terri, Gratz, Kim L.·2017·Assessment

DOI 10.1177/1073191115601218PMC PMC5243864

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Abstract

Existing measures of emotion dysregulation typically assess dispositional tendencies and are therefore not well suited for study designs that require repeated assessments over brief intervals. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a state-based multidimensional measure of emotion dysregulation. Psychometric properties of the State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) were examined in a large representative community sample of young adult women drawn from four sites ( N = 484). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution, with results supporting the internal consistency, construct validity, and predictive validity of the total scale and the four subscales: Nonacceptance (i.e., nonacceptance of current emotions), Modulate (i.e., difficulties modulating emotional and behavioral responses in the moment), Awareness (i.e., limited awareness of current emotions), and Clarity (i.e., limited clarity about current emotions). S-DERS scores were significantly associated with trait-based measures of emotion dysregulation, affect intensity/reactivity, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness, as well as measures of substance use problems. Moreover, significant associations were found between the S-DERS and state-based laboratory measures of emotional reactivity, even when controlling for the corresponding original DERS scales. Results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the S-DERS as a state-based measure of emotion regulation difficulties.

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S-DERS non-acceptance demonstrated convergent validity, showing significant moderate-to-large correlations with the DERS non-acceptance subscale (r=.44) and the AAQ (r=.41).
“Non-acceptance demonstrated convergent validity, showing significant moderate-to-large correlations with the DERS non-acceptance subscale ( r= .44) and the AAQ ( r =.41).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender et al. (2017)
The Results section (‘Validity of the S-DERS’; page unavailable) reports moderate correlations between corresponding S-DERS and original DERS subscales and a positive association between S-DERS Nonacceptance and the AAQ. The passages available from our copy do not give the claimed coefficients of r=.44 and r=.41, so those exact values cannot be verified. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Despite being styled on the DERS, EFA demonstrated a different factor solution for the S-DERS; four of the original six factors remained, one of which was the non-acceptance scale.
“Despite being styled on the DERS, EFA demonstrated a different factor solution; four of the original six factors remained, one of which was the non-acceptance scale.”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender et al. (2017)
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The S-DERS was developed to assess emotional regulation difficulties at a particular moment in time.
“Lavender, Tull, DiLillo, Messman-Moore, and Gratz (2017) developed the S-DERS with the aim of assessing emotional regulation difficulties at a particular moment in time”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender, Tull, DiLillo, Messman-Moore, and Gratz (2017)
Internal consistency of the S-DERS non-acceptance scale was excellent (α=.92).
“However, internal consistency of the non-acceptance scale was excellent (α=.92).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender et al. (2017)

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A multimodal assessment of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users in residential treatment
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Sher, K. J., & Grekin, E. R. (2007) · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and symptoms of anorexia nervosa: The unique roles of lack of emotional awareness and impulse control difficulties when upset
Racine, S. E., & Wildes, J. E. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22145 · Cited by 127 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…Fox, Hong, & Sinha, 2008), anxiety disorders (Mennin, McLaughlin, & Flanagan, 2009; Roemer et al., 2009), eating disorders (Lavender et al., 2014; Racine & Wildes, 2013), and personality disorders (Bornovalova et al., 2008; Gratz, Rosenthal, Tull, Lejuez, & Gunderson, 2006), is the…”
An affective and cognitive model of marijuana and alcohol problems.
Simons, J., & Carey, K. (2006) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.004 · Cited by 104 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this study, only the scale assessing drug use problems (α = .82) was used, given the relevance of emotion dysregulation to substance use problems (vs. substance use; e.g., Baker et al., 2004; Sher & Grekin, 2007; Simons & Carey, 2006).”
Method
Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation in Bulimia Nervosa
Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Peterson, C. B., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Smith, T. L., Klein, M. H., Goldschmidt, A. B., et al. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2288 · Cited by 103 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…Sleeper, & Sinha, 2007; Fox, Hong, & Sinha, 2008), anxiety disorders (Mennin, McLaughlin, & Flanagan, 2009; Roemer et al., 2009), eating disorders (Lavender et al., 2014; Racine & Wildes, 2013), and personality disorders (Bornovalova et al., 2008; Gratz, Rosenthal, Tull, Lejuez, & Gunderson,…”
Background
Emotion Differentiation and Emotion Regulation in High and Low Socially Anxious Individuals: An Experience-Sampling Study
O’Toole, M. S., Jensen, M. B., Fentz, H. N., Zachariae, R., & Hougaard, E. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9611-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
An experimental study of emotional responding in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to interpersonal violence
Orsillo, S. M., Batten, S. V., Plumb, J. C., Luterek, J. A., & Roessner, B. M. (2004) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/b:jots.0000029267.61240.94 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The relation between emotion regulation strategies and physiological stress responses in middle childhood
de Veld, D. M. J., Riksen‐Walraven, J. M., & de Weerth, C. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.01.004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Neuroticism and extraversion in different factors of the affect intensity measure
Williams, D. G. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90261-4 · Cited by 66 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…that the AIM is multidimensional (measuring both positive and negative emotional intensity and reactivity; Weinfurt, Bryant, & Yarnold, 1994; Williams, 1989) and (b) the emphasis on negative emotions within the conceptualization of emotion regulation difficulties used here, this study…”
Background
The Factor Structure of the Affect Intensity Measure: In Search of a Measurement Model
Weinfurt, K. P., Bryant, F. B., & Yarnold, P. R. (1994) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1994.1023 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms predict inflexibly high levels of experiential avoidance in response to daily negative affect: A daily diary study
Shahar, B., & Herr, N. R. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.006 · Cited by 54 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…approach to studying emotion regulation and associated constructs (e.g., experiential avoidance, impulsivity; Brans, Koval, Verduyn, Lim, & Kuppens, 2013; Farmer & Kashdan, 2012; O’Toole, Jensen, Fentz, Zachariae, & Hougaard, 2014; Shahar & Herr, 2011; Tan et al., 2012; Tomko et al., 2014).”
The Assessment of Emotion Regulation in Cognitive Context: The Emotion Amplification and Reduction Scales
Hamilton, N. A., Karoly, P., Gallagher, M. W., Stevens, N. R., Karlson, C., & McCurdy, D. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9163-9 · Cited by 28 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The Emotion Amplification and Reduction Scales (TEARS; Hamilton et al., 2009) is an 18-item measure that assesses an individual’s ability to modify the trajectory of an emotional response or expression.”
Background

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Practitioner Review: Emotional Dysregulation in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—Implications for Clinical Recognition and Intervention
Faraone, S. V., Rostain, A. L., Blader, J., Busch, B., Childress, A. C., Connor, D. F., & Newcorn, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12899 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale (Long- and Short Form)
Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M. C., Kuchar, A., & Davidson, O. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
The role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology
Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in everyday life: Mapping global self-reports to daily processes.
Koval, P., Kalokerinos, E. K., Greenaway, K. H., Medland, H., Kuppens, P., Nezlek, J. B., Hinton, J. D. X., & Gross, J. J. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001097 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and eating disorders—Associations with diagnostic presentation and key symptoms
Monell, E., Clinton, D. N., & Birgegård, A. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22925 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Development of the State Optimism Measure
Millstein, R. A., Chung, W., Hoeppner, B. B., Boehm, J. K., Legler, S. R., Mastromauro, C. A., & Huffman, J. C. (2019) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.04.002 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Further, parallel analysis may identify too many factors [85, 86].”
Interpersonal synchrony feels good but impedes self-regulation of affect
Galbusera, L., Finn, M. T. M., Tschacher, W., & Kyselo, M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50960-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and emotion dysregulation in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A meta-analysis of evaluation and intervention studies
Restoy, D., Oriol-Escudé, M., Alonzo-Castillo, T., Magán‐Maganto, M., Canal‐Bedia, R., Villoria, E. D., Gisbert, L., Setién-Ramos, I., Martínez-Ramírez, M., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102410 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
New Technologies for the Understanding, Assessment, and Intervention of Emotion Regulation
Colombo, D., Fernández-Álvarez, J., García Palacios, A., Cipresso, P., Botella, C., & Riva, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01261 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“More recently, state questionnaires have been developed that can be applied to explore the adoption of single (Ganor et al., 2018; Marchetti et al., 2018) or multiple strategies (Katz et al., 2017; Lavender et al., 2017) in specific situations.”
Background
Emotional dysregulation in relation to substance use and behavioral addictions: Findings from five separate meta-analyses
González‐Roz, A., Castaño, Y., Krotter, A., Salazar-Cedillo, A., & Gervilla, E. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100502 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Undergraduate Samples: A Review of the Literature
Neilson, E. C., Gulati, N. K., Stappenbeck, C., George, W., & Davis, K. (2021) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211036063 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Self-regulatory processes such as ER also change moment to moment, and self-reports of global ER deficits do not capture the context-dependent nature of ER (Lavender et al., 2017).”
Testing an emotion regulation model of physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A pilot ecological momentary assessment
Kolar, D. R., Neumayr, C., Roth, M., Voderholzer, U., Perthes, K., & Schlegl, S. (2019) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2706 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pathways from childhood trauma to suicidal ideation: mediating through difficulties in emotion regulation and depressive symptoms
Laghaei, M., Honarmand, M. M., Jobson, L., Ranjbar, H. A., & Habibi, M. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04699-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties in people with psychosis compared with non‐clinical controls: A systematic literature review
Lawlor, C., Hepworth, C., Smallwood, J., Carter, B., & Jolley, S. (2019) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2408 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Alcohol-involved sexual aggression: Emotion regulation as a mechanism of behavior change.
Davis, K. C., Neilson, E. C., Kirwan, M., Eldridge, N., George, W. H., & Stappenbeck, C. A. (2020) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001048 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies between anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Puttevils, L., Vanderhasselt, M., Horczak, P., & Vervaet, M. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152262 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and belief in conspiracy theories
Molenda, Z., Green, R., Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., & Douglas, K. M. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.112042 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Oliva, V., Prisco, M. D., Fico, G., Possidente, C., Fortea, L., Montejo, L., Anmella, G., Hidalgo‐Mazzei, D., Grande, I., Murru, A., et al. (2023) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13618 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“10 Indeed, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or eating disorders in a remission phase adopt better ER strategies or manifest lower levels of ED compared to people with current clinically significant symptoms.”
The role of affect, emotion management, and attentional bias in young adult drinking: An experience sampling study
Emery, N. N., & Simons, J. S. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05480-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Exploring the “Dark Matter” of Social Interaction: Systematic Review of a Decade of Research in Spontaneous Interpersonal Coordination
Ayache, J., Connor, A. M., Marks, S., Kuss, D. J., Rhodes, D., Sumich, A. L., & Heym, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718237 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A call to experimentally study acute affect‐regulation mechanisms specific to driven exercise in eating disorders
Kolar, D. R., & Gorrell, S. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23427 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Multimodal assessment of emotional reactivity and regulation in response to social rejection among self-harming adults with and without borderline personality disorder.
Gratz, K. L., Richmond, J. R., Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., & Tull, M. T. (2019) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000334 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Time‐of‐day and day‐of‐week patterns of binge eating and relevant psychological vulnerabilities in binge‐eating disorder
Forester, G., Schaefer, L. M., Dodd, D. R., Burr, E. K., Bartholomay, J., Berner, L. A., Crosby, R. D., Peterson, C. B., Crow, S. J., Engel, S. G., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23995 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Persian Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18): Psychometric Properties and Its Role in Predicting Aggression in Iranian Adolescents
Nooripour, R., Ghanbari, N., Mozaffari, N., Ghahari, S., & Hosseini, S. R. (2023) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-023-00713-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The effects of irrational, rational, and acceptance beliefs about emotions on the emotional response and perceived control of emotions
Predatu, R., David, D. O., & Maffei, A. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109712 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Emotion Dysregulation Prospectively Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity 3 Months After Trauma Exposure
Forbes, C. N., Tull, M. T., RAPPORT, D. J., Xie, H., Kaminski, B., & Wang, X. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22551 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The role of emotion dysregulation in negative affect reactivity to a trauma cue: Differential associations through elicited posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Raudales, A. M., Weiss, N. H., Schmidt, N. B., & Short, N. A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.028 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
MoodShaper: A Virtual Reality Experience to Support Managing Negative Emotions
Wagener, N., Kiesewetter, A., Reicherts, L., Woźniak, P. W., Schöning, J., Rogers, Y., & Niess, J. (2024) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3643834.3661570 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Acute alcohol intoxication, state anger, and sexual assault perpetration: The role of state emotion regulation.
Neilson, E. C., Smith, L., Davis, K. C., & George, W. H. (2021) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000381 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties in psychosis: Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS‐16)
Lawlor, C., Vitoratou, S., Hepworth, C., & Jolley, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23164 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The effect of sleep continuity disruption on multimodal emotion processing and regulation: a laboratory‐based, randomised, controlled experiment in good sleepers
Reid, M. J., Omlin, X., Espie, C. A., Sharman, R. L., Tamm, S., & Kyle, S. D. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13634 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Momentary predictors of binge eating: An attachment perspective
Keating, L., Mills, J. S., & Rawana, J. S. (2018) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.12.003 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Alexithymia, state‐emotion dysregulation, and eating disorder symptoms: A mediation model
Goetz, D. B., Johnson, E. C., Naugle, A. E., & Borges, L. M. (2020) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12210 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Baseline and momentary predictors of ecological momentary assessment adherence in a sample of adults with binge-eating disorder
Williams‐Kerver, G. A., Schaefer, L. M., Hazzard, V. M., Cao, L., Engel, S. G., Peterson, C. B., Wonderlich, S. A., & Crosby, R. D. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101509 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review
McAndrews, Z., Richardson, J., & Stopa, L. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Why People with More Emotion Regulation Difficulties Made a More Deontological Judgment: The Role of Deontological Inclinations
Zhang, L., Li, Z., Wu, X., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02095 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Experimental manipulation of emotion regulation difficulties will resolve this problem to some extent (Lavender et al., 2017).”
Individual differences in emotion regulation and cardiovascular responding to stress.
Griffin, S. M., & Howard, S. (2021) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001037 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and negative affect: Laboratory and EMA investigations in smokers
Macintyre, J. M., Ruscio, A. C., Brede, E., & Waters, A. J. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.01.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Sixth, the study did not use a true state emotion regulation measure, such as the S-DERS (Lavender et al., 2015), which precluded examination of the association between state emotion regulation and negative affect in the field.”
Emotion Regulation Difficulties Are Not Always Associated With Negative Outcomes on Women: The Buffer Effect of HRV
Fantini‐Hauwel, C., Batselé, É., Gois, C., & Noël, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00697 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Beliefs About Emotions, Negative Meta-emotions, and Perceived Emotional Control During an Emotionally Salient Situation in Individuals with Emotional Disorders
Predatu, R., David, D. O., & Maffei, A. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10064-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Naturalistically assessed associations between physical activity, affective functioning, and binge eating among adults with binge-eating disorder
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Anderson, L. M., Schaefer, L. M., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Crow, S. J., Wonderlich, S. A., & Peterson, C. B. (2020) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2020.1746121 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Social isolation in space: An investigation of LUNARK, the first human mission in an Arctic Moon analog habitat
Riva, P., Rusconi, P., Pancani, L., & Chterev, K. (2022) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.03.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
I rely on a little help from my friends: the effect of interpersonal and intrapersonal emotion regulation on the relationship between FOMO and problematic internet use
Flack, M., Burton, W. H., & Caudwell, K. M. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05834-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“For instance, Lavender et al. [47] have developed a four-factor measure of state-level difficulties in emotion regulation, incorporating a “modu-late” factor that incorporates modulating emotions and behaviour responses, conceptually similar to strategies , impulse , and goals subscales from the…”
Association of positive emotion dysregulation to resting heart rate variability: The influence of positive affect intensity
Weiss, N. H., Schick, M. R., Waite, E. E., Haliczer, L. A., & Dixon–Gordon, K. L. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110607 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Specifically, we explored the relation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale – Positive (Weiss, Gratz, & Lavender, 2015) to resting heart rate variability (HRV) at high and low state positive affect intensity.”
Background
Which Emotion Regulation Strategies are Most Associated with Trait Emotion Dysregulation? A Transdiagnostic Examination
Daros, A. R., & Ruocco, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09864-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Measuring Emotion Dysregulation in Daily Life: An Experience Sampling Study
Weiss, N. H., Dixon-Gordon, K., Brick, L., Goldstein, S., Schick, M. R., Laws, H., Kiefer, R., Contractor, A. A., & Sullivan, T. P. (2024) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2366031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…brief/short versions (DERS-16, DERS-18, DERS-SF; Bjureberg et al., 2016; Kaufman et al., 2016; Victor & Klonsky, 2016), a state version (S-DERS; Lavender et al., 2017), and non-English versions (e.g., Brazilian, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese; Cancian et al., 2018; Cho & Hong, 2013; Coutinho et…”
Usability, Feasibility, and Effect of a Biocueing Intervention in Addition to a Moderated Digital Social Therapy-Platform in Young People With Emerging Mental Health Problems: A Mixed-Method Approach
van Doorn, M., Nijhuis, L. A., Monsanto, A., van Amelsvoort, T., Popma, A., Jaspers, M., Noordzij, M. L., Öry, F. G., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., & Nieman, D. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871813 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Assessing the Effectiveness and Utility of a Mindfulness-Based Ecological Momentary Intervention in College Students
Pavlacic, J. M., Schulenberg, S. E., Witcraft, S. M., & Buchanan, E. M. (2022) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-022-00274-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Are self-reported difficulties in emotional regulation associated with hoarding? a systematic review
Barton, J. A. L., Johns, L., & Salkovskis, P. (2021) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100660 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Distinct aspects of emotion dysregulation differentially correspond to magnitude and slope of the late positive potential to affective stimuli
Monopoli, W. J., Huet, A., Allan, N. P., Judah, M. R., & Bunford, N. (2021) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2021.2000370 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Although state-focused self-reports of ED have been developed (e.g. Lavender et al., 2017), they remain insensitive to rapid changes in ED over short spans of time in which emotions can fluctuate.”
Implementing routine outcome monitoring in the treatment of a patient with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Gómez, B., Fernández‐Álvarez, J., & García, F. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23418 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Daily changes in state emotion regulation abilities predict positive and negative affect
Pavlacic, J. M., Witcraft, S. M., Dixon, L. J., Buchanan, E. M., & Schulenberg, S. E. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Emotion generation and regulation following an intrusion induction: Implications for taboo or autogenous obsessions
Berman, N. C., Hayaki, J., & Szkutak, A. (2020) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101593 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Effect of COVID-19 Perceived Risk on Internet Addiction among College Students in China: An Empirical Study Based on the Structural Equation Model
Pan, L., Li, J., Hu, Z., & Wu, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013377 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Difficulties in emotion regulation are also known as emotion dysregulation [49,50].”
Background
Multidisciplinary Strategies for Preventing Opioid Misuse and Escalation by Targeting Mental Health Symptoms and Conditions
Yule, A. M., Fernandes, C.-S. F., Stormshak, E. A., Yang, Y., Shelley, L. T., Fiellin, L. E., Larkin, K., Ridenour, T. A., Saavedra, L. M., Kelleher, K. J., et al. (2023) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01556-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“By using the same instruments to measure substance use (Ridenour et al., 2022), anxiety (GAD-7; Plummer et al., 2016), depression (PHQ-8; Kroenke et al., 2009), and emotion regulation (State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; Lavender et al., 2017), it will be possible to make direct comparisons across some HPC…”
Real-time changes in emotion regulation and loss of control eating
Stevenson, B. L., Wilborn, D. D., Kramer, M. P., & Dvorak, R. D. (2019) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105318823242 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Unique Contributions of Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Emotion Dysregulation on Infant Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
Gao, M. M., Kaliush, P. R., Brown, M. A., Shakiba, N., Raby, K. L., Crowell, S. E., & Conradt, E. D. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00914-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Role of Self-Awareness in Predicting the Level of Emotional Regulation Difficulties among Faculty Members
Hadi, S. A. A., & Gharaibeh, M. (2023) · Emerging Science Journal · doi:10.28991/esj-2023-07-04-017 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Epigenetic, psychological, and EEG changes after a 1-week retreat based on mindfulness and compassion for stress reduction in healthy adults: Study protocol of a cross-over randomized controlled trial
Díez, G. G., Martin-Subero, I., Zangri, R. M., Kulis, M., Andreu, C. I., Blanco, I., Roca, P., Cuesta, P., García, C., Garzón, J., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283169 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Social media misuse explained by emotion dysregulation and self-concept: an ecological momentary assessment approach
Rogier, G., Muzi, S., & Pace, C. S. (2024) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2024.2363413 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A digital health game to prevent opioid misuse and promote mental health in adolescents in school-based health settings: Protocol for the PlaySmart game randomized controlled trial
Pendergrass, T. M., Hoerner, L. A., Fernandes, C.-S. F., Maslar, A., Aiudi, S., Kyriakides, T. C., & Fiellin, L. E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291298 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Stern, C. M., Graver, H., McPherson, I. K., Gydus, J. E., Kambanis, P. E., Breithaupt, L. E., Murray, H. B., Zayas, L. V., Eddy, K. T., Thomas, J. J., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24281 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Measuring cognitive emotion regulation in South Africa using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-short form
Propheta, I., & van Zyl, C. J. J. (2019) · African Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.4102/ajopa.v1i0.9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Duygu Düzenlemeye Güncel Bir Bakış: Bağlamsal Faktörler
Zörer, P. B., & Yorulmaz, O. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.972675 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Smoking abstinence effects on emotion dysregulation in adult cigarette smokers with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Mitchell, J. T., McClernon, F. J., Beckham, J. C., Brown, R. A., Lejuez, C. W., & Kollins, S. H. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107594 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Anguish and fears about attitude towards Covid-19 vaccines: contrasts between yes and no vax
Zatti, A., & Riva, N. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-022-00038-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The DERS is validated in various countries worldwide [14, 24, 37].”
Background
Dynamic Associations Among Sleep, Emotion Dysregulation, and Desire to Live in a Perinatal Sample
Kaliush, P. R., Butner, J., Williams, P., Conradt, E. D., & Crowell, S. E. (2024) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001297 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“During the evening surveys, participants completed 12 items from the State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (62).”
A Multimethod Examination of the Effect of Insomnia Symptoms on Anxious Responding to a Social Stressor
Short, N. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.11.001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The S-DERS demonstrated good psychometric properties in prior research (Lavender et al., 2017).”
Does Alcohol Hangover Affect Emotion Regulation Capacity? Evidence From a Naturalistic Cross-Over Study Design
Gunn, C., Fairchild, G. F., Verster, J. C., & Adams, S. (2020) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agaa123 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Narrative Review of Emotion Regulation Abilities, Strategy Use, and Their Relationship to Alcohol
Brown, W. C., & Melas, M. T. (2024) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-024-00553-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Emotion regulation abilities are most often measured using the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [8], its short versions ( DERS-16 ) [24], ( DERS-18 ) [25], a state measure ( S-DERS ) [26], and more recently a measure of positive emotion regulation ( DERS-P ) [27].”
Mechanism-based modular psychotherapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents and young adults with childhood trauma experiences: study protocol for a feasibility trial within the German Center for Mental Health
Seitz, K. I., Schouler, N., Hundertmark, J., Wilhelm, M., Franz, S., Bauer, S., Taubner, S., Korn, C. W., Haun, M. W., Ditzen, B., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090476 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The S-DERS consists of four subscales, including Non-acceptance (ie, non-acceptance of current emotions), Modulate (ie, momentary difficulties modulating emotional and behavioural reactions), Awareness (ie, limited awareness of current emotions) and Clarity (ie, limited clarity about current emotions).”
Unique and interactive effects of emotion regulation difficulties and perceived stress on COVID-19 traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use: A four-year prospective study
Jessup, S. C., Adamis, A. M., Rast, C. E., Cox, R. C., & Olatunji, B. O. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104503 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Integrating a web-based intervention into routine care of binge-eating disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Pruessner, L., Hartmann, S. F., Rubel, J. A., Lalk, C., Barnow, S., & Timm, C. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100514 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Applying a web-based self-help intervention for bulimia nervosa in routine care: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Hartmann, S. F., Pruessner, L., Rubel, J. A., Lalk, C., Barnow, S., & Timm, C. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100512 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Estilos de apego adulto y regulación emocional en población de Quito, Ecuador
Díaz-Mosquera, E., Sacoto, M.-F. M., & Latorre, G. (2022) · Ciencias Psicológicas · doi:10.22235/cp.v16i2.2684 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Brief emotion regulation strategies to reduce alcohol craving: Mediating role of state difficulties in emotion regulation
Chang, Y.-C., Rubey, R. L., & Ladd, B. O. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104527 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sub-groups of emotion dysregulation in youth with nonsuicidal self-injury: latent profile analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Flygare, O., Ojala, O., Pontén, M., Klintwall, L., Karemyr, M., Sjöblom, K., Wallert, J., Hellner, C., Nilbrink, J., Bellander, M., et al. (2024) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2024.2407155 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of group mindfulness intervention on high-level distance runners: a quasi-experimental study
Kelemen, B., Tóth, R., Benczenleitner, O., & Tóth, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1556404 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The benefits of physical exercise on state anxiety: Exploring possible mechanisms
Herzog, E., Voß, M., Keller, V., Koch, S., Takano, K., & Cludius, B. (2022) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100478 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
State emotion modulation and loss-of-control eating in individuals with obesity: A preliminary ecological momentary assessment study
Parker, M. N., Michael, M. L., Murray, H. B., Juarascio, A. S., & Manasse, S. M. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101478 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The modulate subscale of the State Difficulties Regulating Emotions Scale (S-DERS) (Lavender et al., 2017) assess one’s perceived ability to control emotion and behavior, and thus was used to assess momentary emotion modulation.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Momentary effects of life stressors on mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties among adolescents exposed to chronic stressors
Miller, R. L., Shomaker, L. B., Prince, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Rzonca, A. J., Krause, J. T., Zimmerman, T. S., Lavender, J. M., Sibinga, E. M. S., & Lucas‐Thompson, R. G. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3414 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Participants completed four items from the State-Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Lavender et al., 2017), which is a state-oriented measure of emotion regulation difficulties that is based on the original trait-oriented DERS (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
An Idiographic Network Approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Symptom Heterogeneity and Implications for Treatment
Bridges‐Curry, Z. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10575-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A smartphone app-based mindfulness intervention to enhance recovery from substance use disorders: Protocol for a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial
Roos, C. R., Bricker, J. B., Kiluk, B. D., Trull, T. J., Bowen, S. W., Witkiewitz, K. A., & Hedy Kober, A. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101338 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…and feelings I am having ” Momentary Difficulties in Emotion Regulation 3 items from the State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) [68] “ I am having difficulty controlling my behaviors ” “ My emotions feel out of control ” “ I believe I will continue feeling this way for a long…”
Background
Capacity to Invest Effort as a Predictor of Preference for Digital Mental Health Interventions Over Psychotherapy: Cross-Sectional Study Using an Ecological Digital Screening Tool
Savir, T., & Baumel, A. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/77802 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It is important to note that 2-item scales tend to produce lower reliability coefficients [50-52], often lower than the conventional threshold of 0.7 [53-55]—even for well-established measures such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale– 2 [56].”
Influential
Preliminary Efficacy of a Cognitive Restructuring Intervention for Intimate Partner Aggression: Emotional Clarity as a Mechanism of Change
Hammett, J. F., Chen, W., Stappenbeck, C. A., & Davis, K. C. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221140054 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-Control Depletion, Frustration Tolerance, Irritability, and Engagement in Risky Behaviors in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Risk
Montgomery, C., & Antshel, K. M. (2023) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968231207445 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The PASAT-C can reliably induce negative emotions (Lavender et al., 2017).”
Momentary Mediational Associations Among Affect, Emotion Dysregulation, and Different Types of Loss of Control Eating Among Adults With Binge Eating Disorder
Romano, K. A., Peterson, C. B., Forester, G., Wonderlich, J. A., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. E., & Crosby, R. D. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24415 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Boutelle, K. N., Manzano, M. A., Pasquale, E. K., Bernard, R. S., Strong, D. R., Rhee, K. E., Eichen, D. M., Engel, S. G., Miller, A. L., & Peterson, C. B. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107640 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Affect and disordered eating behaviours in women's daily lives: The comparative explanatory roles of distinct momentary emotion dysregulation dimensions
Romano, K. A., Peterson, C. B., Anderson, L. M., & Heron, K. E. (2024) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.3134 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
An Experimental Examination of the Interaction between Mood Induction Task and Personality Psychopathology on State Emotion Dysregulation
Borges, L. M., & Naugle, A. E. (2015) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs5010070 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A longitudinal approach to understanding boredom during pandemics: The predictive roles of trauma and emotion dysregulation
Bambrah, V., Wyman, A., & Eastwood, J. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050073 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“, the extent to which people outwardly display their emotions; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and mindfulness (i.e., acting with awareness and describing one’s inner experiences; Lavender et al., 2016).”
Background
Translation, validation and extended factor models of the German State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)
Sicorello, M., Elsaeßer, M., & Kolar, D. R. (2025) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-025-00299-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This is in contrast to the analyses performed by Laven-der et al. [22] and was considered as the esem package did not exist at the time of preregistration and the only validated procedure was performed with this estimation procedure.”
Influential
Trauma symptoms and deliberate self-harm among sexual violence survivors: Examining state emotion regulation and reactivity as dual mechanisms.
Brockdorf, A. N., Gratz, K. L., Messman, T. L., & DiLillo, D. (2022) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000432 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Looming Cognitive Style: How It Mediates the Association of Harm Avoidance with Trait and State Emotion Regulation Difficulties
Atalay, A. A., Gökdağ, C., King, N., Tezel, S., & Sözeri, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00197-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This state‑based scale was developed by Lavender et al. (2017) and is composed of 21 items in a 5‑Likert‑type format.”
Influential
MERGE: Misophonia and emotion regulation in a guided experience sampling study
Pavlacic, J. M., Dixon, L. J., Freshley, A., Buchanan, E. M., Cortese, B. M., Rheingold, A. A., Young, J. N., & Uhde, T. W. (2026) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2026.109709 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Linking a latent variable trait-state-occasion model of emotion regulation to cognitive control
Olatunji, B. O., Knowles, K. A., Adamis, A. M., & Cole, D. A. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2024.2332594 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Situational factors such as emotion type, emotional intensity, and social context all may in ﬂ uence state ER (Aldao, 2013; Colombo et al., 2020; Lavender et al., 2017).”
Psychological Changes Following MBSR and CCT Interventions in a Brief and Intensive Retreat Format: A Sequential Randomized Crossover Study
Zangri, R. M., Roca, P., Blanco, I., Kulis, M., Díez, G. G., Martín-Subero, J. I., & Vázquez, C. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02410-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reliability, validity and measurement invariance of the difficulties in emotion regulation Scale-8 in Chinese adolescents
Zhang, Y., Jiang, H., Bian, Y., & Zhang, F. (2025) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.32604/jpa.2025.065774 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Structural, Construct, and Concurrent Score Validity Evidence for the State-Interpersonal Reactivity Index in Telemental Health Care Sessions
Johnson, D. A., Stone, A., & Marsh, S. (2022) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2022.2066545 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Due to mindfulness being positively associated with empathy (Fulton & Cashwell, 2015) and a negatively associated with affect dysregulation (Lavender et al., 2017), we expected Mindful State and Mindful Trait scores to be positively associated with Empathic State and Perspective State scores, and…”
The effectiveness of mindful self-compassion training on difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with phenylketonuria
Habibi, N., Bernabé, J. R. Y., Basharpoor, S., Varzaneh, A. H., & Narimani, M. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05297-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942 · see citing works
Measuring Emotion Dysregulation in Daily Life: An Experience Sampling Study
Weiss, N. H., Dixon-Gordon, K., Brick, L., Goldstein, S., Schick, M. R., Laws, H., Kiefer, R., Contractor, A. A., & Sullivan, T. P. (2024) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2366031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
How Well Does the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Measure Emotion Dysregulation Beyond Psychopathology? A Scoping Review and Synthesis of its Construct Validity
Pourjafari, P. M., Sadek, M., Paramasivam, T., & Daros, A. R. (2025) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-025-10224-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Translation, validation and extended factor models of the German State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)
Sicorello, M., Elsaeßer, M., & Kolar, D. R. (2025) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-025-00299-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
S-DERSvalid_dailyLife
Sicorello, M., Elsaeßer, M., Heyse, W., & Kolar, D. (2023) · Open Science Framework · doi:10.17605/osf.io/ruamq

Authors: Lavender, J. M., Tull, M. T., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., & Gratz, K. L.
Affiliations: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute (US)
University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
Corresponding author: Lavender, Jason M.
ORCID: Lavender, Jason M.
Tull, Matthew T.
DiLillo, David
Gratz, Kim L.
Venue: Assessment
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2016-07-27
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 197-209
ISSN: 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
1552-3489
DOI: 10.1177/1073191115601218
PMC: PMC5243864
OpenAlex: W2126477718
Cited by: 164
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 5.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH101342)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD062226)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: emotional dysregulation, emotional reactivity, emotional awareness, emotional clarity, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, problematic substance use, young adult women, scale development and validation
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Affective Symptoms, Arousal, Character, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Personality Assessment, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Emotional Intelligence

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Development and Validation of a State-Based Measure of Emotion Dysregulation: The State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)

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